CN114784493A - Compact terminal array antenna and handheld terminal comprising same - Google Patents
Compact terminal array antenna and handheld terminal comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- CN114784493A CN114784493A CN202210482444.8A CN202210482444A CN114784493A CN 114784493 A CN114784493 A CN 114784493A CN 202210482444 A CN202210482444 A CN 202210482444A CN 114784493 A CN114784493 A CN 114784493A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
- H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The application discloses a compact terminal array antenna and a handheld terminal comprising the same, wherein the compact terminal array antenna comprises one or more ridge waveguide structures, one or more antenna units arranged on the ridge waveguide structures, and a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array manner; the antenna unit comprises a dielectric plate, a grounding metal plate, a coupling piece, a micro-strip transmission line and a radiating piece, wherein the grounding metal plate, the coupling piece and the micro-strip transmission line are respectively arranged on the dielectric plate, the radiating piece and the coupling piece are arranged at intervals, the coupling piece and the micro-strip transmission line are arranged at the same side of the dielectric plate, and the grounding metal plate and the coupling piece are oppositely arranged; the antenna unit also comprises a microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, and the microstrip transmission line of the antenna unit is connected with the ridge waveguide structure through the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure. The compact terminal array antenna has the advantages of compact structure, small size and light weight, the signal coupling and the slot radiation can expand the antenna bandwidth, the antenna performance is improved, the signal direct connection is realized through the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, the loss can be reduced, the bandwidth is expanded, and the structural stability is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of wireless communication antenna technology, and in particular, to a compact terminal array antenna and a handheld terminal including the same.
Background
The rapid development of satellite and 5G communication has prompted technological innovation in compact, miniaturized, and high performance terminal antennas. The light-weight antenna with low surface throwing, broad band receiving and transmitting integration and high integration degree becomes an industrial difficulty and a new technical direction.
The traditional high-performance broadband transmit-receive integrated terminal array antenna unit adopts metal structure antennas such as a horn antenna and a slot waveguide antenna, and has the advantages of stable structure, high efficiency and the like; the power distribution network adopts a multilayer metal waveguide technology to realize low-loss ultra-wideband high-performance transmission. In recent years, a novel terminal antenna combining a microstrip antenna unit and a waveguide transmission network has the advantages of low profile, high efficiency, relatively small size and the like, and has gradually become a mainstream terminal array antenna form.
However, the use scenarios in the communication field are limited by the defects of large size, complex structure, heavy weight, high cost and the like of the terminal array antenna combined by the traditional metal structure type antenna and the multilayer metal waveguide structure. In order to reduce the thickness of a terminal, a terminal array antenna combining a microstrip antenna and a metal waveguide network adopts an antenna subarray + waveguide form to reduce the number of waveguide ports and further reduce the number of waveguide layers, but the loss is inevitably introduced by a microstrip transmission line between a subarray main port and a microstrip antenna unit, and the overall efficiency of the antenna is reduced. Moreover, the broadband microstrip antenna technology is also a technical difficulty of the scheme, the microstrip antenna in a loose coupling mode can expand the antenna bandwidth, but the polarization isolation of the antenna and the isolation between units are also deteriorated, and the antenna index is influenced.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new technical solution to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a compact terminal array antenna and contain handheld terminal of this antenna to the problem that the antenna size is big, weight is heavy, performance index is not high of solving current stage.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
in one aspect, the present application provides a compact terminal array antenna, including one or more ridge waveguide structures, and one or more antenna units disposed on the ridge waveguide structures, where the plurality of antenna units are arranged in an array; the antenna unit comprises a dielectric plate, a grounding metal plate, a coupling piece, a microstrip transmission line and a radiating piece, wherein the grounding metal plate, the coupling piece, the microstrip transmission line and the radiating piece are arranged on the dielectric plate respectively, the coupling piece and the microstrip transmission line are arranged on the same side of the dielectric plate at intervals, and the grounding metal plate and the coupling piece are arranged oppositely; the antenna unit further comprises a microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, and the microstrip transmission line of the antenna unit is connected with the ridge waveguide structure through the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure.
In a further aspect of the above technical solution, the ridge waveguide structure includes a bottom plate, two side plates connected to the bottom plate respectively and disposed at an interval, and a partition plate disposed between the two side plates, the bottom plate is connected to the ground, the two side plates form an outer wall of the ridge waveguide structure, and the partition plate forms an inner wall of the ridge waveguide structure.
Furthermore, one end of the outer wall of the ridge waveguide, which is away from the bottom plate, is connected with the grounding metal plate of the antenna unit respectively.
Furthermore, a through hole is formed in the grounding metal plate, and the end part, deviating from the bottom plate, of the inner wall of the ridge waveguide penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the dielectric plate.
Furthermore, the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure comprises a metal screw, and one end of the metal screw penetrates through the dielectric slab from the surface of the dielectric slab provided with the microstrip transmission line and then is connected with the inner wall of the ridge waveguide; the other end of the metal screw is connected with the microstrip transmission line.
Furthermore, the size of the through hole on the grounding metal plate is larger than the size of the end face of the ridge waveguide inner wall, and an air layer is formed between the side wall of the through hole and the ridge waveguide inner wall.
Furthermore, the dielectric plate is a PCB, and mounting holes matched with the metal screws are formed in the PCB through a counter bore process.
Furthermore, one end of the coupling piece is connected with the end part of the microstrip transmission line.
Furthermore, a gap is formed in the radiation sheet, the gap forms a radiation gap, at least two gaps are formed in the radiation sheet, the two gaps are arranged in a cross shape, and the intersection point of the two gaps corresponds to the central point of the coupling sheet.
Furthermore, the antenna unit further comprises a balance branch knot arranged on the dielectric slab, the balance branch knot and the coupling piece are arranged on the same side of the dielectric slab, the balance branch knot and the coupling piece are arranged at intervals relatively, and a coupling seam is formed in a gap between the balance branch knot and the coupling piece.
Furthermore, the balance branch knot and the microstrip transmission line are oppositely arranged on two sides of the coupling piece.
Furthermore, the balance branch is an open-circuit balance branch or a short-circuit balance branch.
Further, the electrical length of the open circuit balance branch is half wavelength of the signal wavelength.
Furthermore, the electrical length of the short circuit balance branch is one quarter wavelength of the signal wavelength.
Further, the width of the coupling slit ranges from one twentieth of the signal wavelength to one tenth of the signal wavelength.
Furthermore, two adjacent antenna units are connected through a microstrip transmission line on the two antenna units, the two connected antenna units form a row and two columns of antenna subarray structures fed in opposite phases, and the distance between the two antenna units ranges from 0.7 times of signal wavelength to 0.9 times of signal wavelength.
Furthermore, the two connected antenna units are fed through the microstrip transmission lines thereon respectively, and the phase difference of the feeding of the microstrip transmission lines on the two antenna units is 180 °.
Furthermore, the two antenna units which are connected are respectively a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are arranged in a left-right arrangement mode, the first antenna unit is provided with a first microstrip transmission line, the second antenna unit is provided with a second microstrip transmission line, the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure is arranged at the joint of the first microstrip transmission line and the second microstrip transmission line, the first microstrip transmission line and the second microstrip transmission line are connected with the ridge waveguide structure through the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, and the first microstrip transmission line and the second microstrip transmission line form a horizontally polarized microstrip transmission line.
Furthermore, the ridge waveguide structure connected with the first antenna unit is a horizontal polarization ridge waveguide structure, and the ridge waveguide structure connected with the second antenna unit is a vertical polarization ridge waveguide structure; the horizontally polarized ridge waveguide structure is arranged opposite to the vertically polarized ridge waveguide structure.
Furthermore, the first antenna unit is further provided with a third microstrip transmission line, the second antenna unit is further provided with a fourth microstrip transmission line, the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure is arranged at the joint of the third microstrip transmission line and the fourth microstrip transmission line, and the third microstrip transmission line and the fourth microstrip transmission line form a vertical polarization microstrip transmission line.
On the other hand, based on the compact terminal array antenna that provides above-mentioned, this application still provides a handheld terminal, including handheld terminal housing, handheld terminal still includes foretell compact terminal array antenna, compact terminal array antenna fixed mounting be in on the handheld terminal housing.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the compact terminal array antenna provided by the application comprises a ridge waveguide structure, one or more antenna units arranged on the ridge waveguide structure and a microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, realizes signal receiving and transmitting integration, realizes microstrip ridge waveguide transition through the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, realizes dual-polarization waveguide same-layer layout, reduces the whole thickness of the antenna, and realizes the compactness and miniaturization of the structure.
2. Compared with the traditional microstrip antenna, the microstrip antenna improves the traditional microstrip radiating patch into a coupling patch, and couples signals to the radiating patch above the coupling patch through air coupling; and slotting is performed in the center of the radiation piece, the edge radiation of the traditional microstrip antenna is improved to the radiation from the coupling piece to the slot of the radiation piece, the signal coupling and the slot radiation can both expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and compared with the edge radiation, because the slot radiation area is closer to the center of the antenna, the isolation between antenna units can be improved.
3. Ridge waveguide has the loss low, the size is little etc. advantages, traditional microstrip ridge waveguide transform structure adopts microstrip probe or the structural style of radiation piece coupling to realize, probe or radiation piece size and position and signal wavelength are directly proportional, be 1/4 wavelength usually, the size is great, be unsuitable to use in the miniaturized terminal of high integration degree, microstrip ridge waveguide transform structure that this application provided passes through top layer microstrip transmission line, metal screw, ridge waveguide inner wall direct-fixing's structural style realizes the signal directly connecting in proper order, can reduce the loss, extend the bandwidth, promote the structural stability.
4. The application provides a compact terminal array antenna's microstrip transmission line is located the top layer of dielectric plate, can with metal screw direct contact, can solve because the transmission line appears the screw part when being located the non-top layer and opens a way, influences transmission line impedance, introduces the radiation effect, reduces the problem of microstrip transmission line performance.
5. The application provides a ground connection metal sheet and the laminating of spine waveguide outer wall on compact terminal array antenna's the dielectric plate, and be formed with the air layer between the spine waveguide inner wall to realize the air as the low-loss spine waveguide transmission structure of medium. The inner wall of the ridge waveguide at the joint of the inner wall and the metal screw is attached to the bottom of a dielectric Plate (PCB), and the grounding metal plate at the bottom layer of the PCB is hollowed out, so that the inner wall of the ridge waveguide and the grounding metal plate are prevented from being short-circuited at the position. Moreover, the inner wall of the ridge waveguide protruding from the bottom of the PCB is propped against the bottom of the PCB, so that the deformation of the PCB caused by overlarge pressure when the metal screw is screwed down is avoided.
6. The application provides a be provided with balanced minor matters on compact terminal array antenna's the dielectric plate, form the coupling seam between balanced minor matters and the antenna coupling piece, make and realize weak coupling between coupling piece and the balanced minor matters. The structure can realize a balanced structure of the microstrip antenna with single-side feed, stabilize the phase center to the physical center of the antenna, and also can not break the form of antenna transmission and radiation, thereby keeping the performance of the antenna.
7. The application provides a balanced stub that compact terminal array antenna set up can ensure that two polarization ridge waveguide structure can be when same in situ overall arrangement, can not introduce the sidelobe or the grating lobe that can't eliminate because the antenna element distance is too big, set for 0.7 ~ 0.9 times wavelength with the antenna element interval usually, the antenna distance increases, sidelobe or grating lobe can grow thereupon, the compact terminal array antenna that has balanced stub that this application provided can effectively stabilize antenna element phase center, reduce antenna array sidelobe and grating lobe, promote array antenna system performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. It should be understood that the specific shapes, configurations, shown in the drawings, are not generally considered limitations on the practice of the present application; for example, it is within the ability of those skilled in the art to make routine adjustments or further optimizations based on the technical concepts disclosed in the present application and the exemplary drawings, for the increase/decrease/attribution of certain units (components), specific shapes, positional relationships, connection manners, dimensional ratios, and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a partial structure of an antenna unit of a compact terminal array antenna provided in the present application according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a partial structure of an antenna unit of a compact terminal array antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating an antenna unit and a ridge waveguide structure of the compact terminal array antenna provided in the present application in an installation state according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the structure of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating an antenna unit and a ridge waveguide structure of the compact terminal array antenna provided by the present application in a mounted state, in an embodiment, wherein a microstrip transmission line of the antenna unit is disposed inside a dielectric layer;
fig. 6 is a schematic top view of an antenna subarray structure formed by two adjacent antenna elements to form two rows and two columns of opposite-phase feeds in one embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of an antenna unit of the compact terminal array antenna provided by the present application, the antenna unit having balanced branches according to an embodiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic top view showing an embodiment of an array antenna of reverse feeding formed by four antenna elements in two rows and two columns, wherein the array antenna of reverse feeding of the two rows and two columns includes two polarized antennas, and the two polarized antennas are a horizontally polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna;
FIG. 9 is a layer layout of two poled ridge waveguide structures disposed on the same layer;
fig. 10 is an overall layout diagram of an antenna in an embodiment, in which a horizontally polarized ridge waveguide network structure is not fully shown in the diagram to reduce visual clutter, and illustrates an array antenna structure with eight rows and eight columns.
Description of reference numerals:
100. a ridge waveguide structure; 110. a base plate; 120. a ridge waveguide outer wall; 130. a ridge waveguide inner wall;
200. an antenna unit;
210. a dielectric plate;
220. a ground metal plate; 230. a coupling piece; 240. a microstrip transmission line; 250. a radiation sheet; 251. a radiation slot; 260. balancing the branch knots; 270. coupling slots;
300. a metal screw;
1. a first antenna element; 11. a first microstrip transmission line; 12. a third microstrip transmission line;
2. a second antenna element; 21. a second microstrip transmission line; 22. a fourth microstrip transmission line;
3. a horizontally polarized ridge waveguide structure; 4. a vertically polarized ridge waveguide structure; 5. a horizontally polarized microstrip transmission line; 6. a vertically polarized microstrip transmission line; 7. a microstrip ridge waveguide transition structure; 8. a vertically polarized total port; 9. the total port is horizontally polarized.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present application: "plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. The terms "first", "second", "third", and the like in this application are intended to distinguish one referenced item from another without having a special meaning in technical connotation (e.g., should not be construed as emphasizing a degree or order of importance, etc.). The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like, are intended to be inclusive and mean "not limited to" (some elements, components, materials, steps, etc.).
In the present application, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like are generally used for easy visual understanding with reference to the drawings, and are not intended to absolutely limit the positional relationship in an actual product. Changes in these relative positional relationships are also considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure without departing from the technical concepts disclosed in the present disclosure.
Example one
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a compact terminal array antenna. The structure of the compact terminal array antenna will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 3 and 8, the present application provides a compact terminal array antenna including one or more ridge waveguide structures 100, and one or more antenna units 200 disposed on the ridge waveguide structures 100, wherein the plurality of antenna units 200 are arranged in an array. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the antenna unit 200 includes a dielectric plate 210, a grounding metal plate 220, a coupling plate 230, a microstrip transmission line 240 respectively disposed on the dielectric plate 210, and a radiating plate 250 disposed at an interval from the coupling plate 230, the coupling plate 230 and the microstrip transmission line 240 are disposed on the same side of the dielectric plate 210, and the grounding metal plate 220 and the coupling plate 230 are disposed opposite to each other. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the compact terminal array antenna further includes a microstrip ridge waveguide transition structure through which the microstrip transmission line 240 of the antenna unit 200 is connected to the ridge waveguide structure 100.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, one end of the coupling tab 230 is connected to the end of the microstrip transmission line 240; the radiation sheet 250 is formed with a slit, the slit forms a radiation slit 251, at least two slits are formed on the radiation sheet 250, the two slits are arranged in a cross shape, and the intersection point of the two slits corresponds to the center point of the coupling sheet 230.
Compared with the traditional microstrip antenna, the microstrip antenna improves the traditional microstrip radiating patch into a coupling patch, and couples signals to the radiating patch above the coupling patch through air coupling, referring to fig. 1 and 2; and slotting is performed in the center of the radiation piece, the edge radiation of the traditional microstrip antenna is improved to the radiation from the coupling piece to the slot of the radiation piece, the signal coupling and the slot radiation can both expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and compared with the edge radiation, because the slot radiation area is closer to the center of the antenna, the isolation between antenna units can be improved.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the above-mentioned ridge waveguide structure 100 includes a bottom plate 110, two side plates connected to the bottom plate 110 and disposed at opposite intervals, respectively, and a partition disposed between the two side plates, wherein the bottom plate 110 is connected to the ground, the two side plates form a ridge waveguide outer wall 120 of the ridge waveguide structure 100, and the partition forms a ridge waveguide inner wall 130 of the ridge waveguide structure 100. With continued reference to fig. 3, the ends of the two ridge waveguide outer walls 120 facing away from the bottom plate 110 are respectively connected to the grounding metal plates 220 of the antenna unit 200. Referring to fig. 4, a through hole is provided on the grounding metal plate 220, and the end of the ridge waveguide inner wall 130 away from the bottom plate 110 is connected to the dielectric plate 210 through the through hole.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the microstrip ridge waveguide transition structure includes a metal screw 300, wherein one end of the metal screw 300 penetrates through the dielectric plate 210 from the surface of the dielectric plate 210 on which the microstrip transmission line 240 is disposed, and then is connected to the ridge waveguide inner wall 130; the other end of the metal screw 300 is connected to the microstrip transmission line 240.
Ridge waveguide has the loss low, the size is little, traditional microstrip ridge waveguide transform structure adopts microstrip probe or the structural style of radiation piece coupling to realize, probe or radiation piece size and position and signal wavelength are directly proportional, be 1/4 wavelength usually, the size is great, unsuitable use in the miniaturized terminal of high integration degree, the microstrip ridge waveguide transform structure that this application provided passes through top layer microstrip transmission line, metal screw, ridge waveguide inner wall direct fixed's structural style realizes the signal directly links in proper order, can reduce the loss, extend the bandwidth, promote the structural stability.
The application provides a compact terminal array antenna's microstrip transmission line is located the top layer of dielectric plate, can with metal screw direct contact, can solve because the transmission line appears the screw part when being located the non-top layer and opens a way, influences transmission line impedance, introduces the radiation effect, reduces the problem of microstrip transmission line performance. Referring to fig. 5, the microstrip transmission line of the illustrated antenna unit is disposed inside the dielectric layer, and the end of the metal screw remote from the ridge waveguide structure is easily formed into an open end.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3 or 4, the size of the through hole on the grounding metal plate 220 is larger than the size of the end surface of the ridge waveguide inner wall 130, and an air layer is formed between the side wall of the through hole and the ridge waveguide inner wall 130.
In one embodiment, the dielectric board 210 is a PCB board. If the working frequency of the system is too high, the metal screw can be sunk into the PCB through the PCB counter bore process, and the open circuit caused by the screw cap of the metal screw is avoided.
The grounded metal plate on the dielectric plate of the compact terminal array antenna provided by the embodiment of the application is attached to the outer wall of the ridge waveguide, and an air layer is formed between the grounded metal plate and the inner wall of the ridge waveguide so as to realize a low-loss ridge waveguide transmission structure taking air as a medium. The inner wall of the ridge waveguide at the joint of the inner wall and the metal screw is attached to the bottom of a dielectric Plate (PCB), and the grounding metal plate at the bottom layer of the PCB is hollowed out, so that the inner wall of the ridge waveguide and the grounding metal plate are prevented from being short-circuited at the position. Moreover, the inner wall of the ridge waveguide protruding from the bottom of the PCB abuts against the bottom of the PCB, and deformation of the PCB caused by overlarge pressure generated when the metal screw is screwed down is avoided.
Example two
In order to reduce the overall thickness of the terminal antenna, two polarized ridge waveguide structures can be placed in the same layer structure. In order to realize the structural function design, on one hand, the compact miniaturized microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure can reduce the overall size of a single polarization ridge waveguide, and on the other hand, the distance of an antenna unit is increased.
Referring to fig. 8, two adjacent antenna units 200 are connected by a microstrip transmission line 240 thereon, the two connected antenna units 200 form a one-row and two-column inverted-feed antenna subarray structure, and a distance between the two antenna units 200 ranges from 0.7 times of signal wavelength to 0.9 times of signal wavelength; the two connected antenna elements 200 are respectively fed by the microstrip transmission lines 240 thereon, and the phase difference of the feeding of the microstrip transmission lines 240 on the two antenna elements 200 is 180 °.
Due to the large loss of the microstrip transmission line, in order to avoid the occurrence of long-section microstrip transmission lines, a 1 × 2 reverse-phase feed subarray may be used to increase the distance between ridge waveguides, see fig. 6.
With reference to fig. 8, the two connected antenna units are a first antenna unit 1 and a second antenna unit 2, the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 are arranged in a left-right row, the first antenna unit 1 has a first microstrip transmission line 11, the second antenna unit 2 has a second microstrip transmission line 21, a microstrip ridge waveguide transition structure 7 is arranged at the joint of the first microstrip transmission line 11 and the second microstrip transmission line 21, the first microstrip transmission line 11 and the second microstrip transmission line 21 are connected with the ridge waveguide structure through the microstrip ridge waveguide transition structure 7, and the first microstrip transmission line 11 and the second microstrip transmission line 21 form a horizontally polarized microstrip transmission line 5;
the ridge waveguide structure connected with the first antenna unit 1 is a horizontal polarization ridge waveguide structure 3, and the ridge waveguide structure connected with the second antenna unit 2 is a vertical polarization ridge waveguide structure 4; the horizontally polarized ridge waveguide structure 3 and the vertically polarized ridge waveguide structure 4 are arranged oppositely;
the first antenna unit 1 is further provided with a third microstrip transmission line 12, the second antenna unit 2 is further provided with a fourth microstrip transmission line 22, a microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure is arranged at the joint of the third microstrip transmission line 12 and the fourth microstrip transmission line 22, and the third microstrip transmission line 12 and the fourth microstrip transmission line 22 form a vertical polarization microstrip transmission line 6. Referring to fig. 8, the left antenna (i.e., the first antenna element 1) is fed by the left antenna microstrip line (i.e., the first microstrip transmission line 11), the right antenna (i.e., the second antenna element 2) is fed by the right antenna (i.e., the second microstrip transmission line 21), and the phase difference between the feeding of the left and right antenna microstrip lines is 180 °. In order to reduce the situation that the phase differences of different working frequency points introduced by the dispersion of transmission lines are inconsistent, the inverse microstrip line technology can be adopted to realize 180-degree inverse transmission in a broadband, the technology is mature, and the application is not repeated. The structure can avoid long-section microstrip transmission lines as much as possible, and the reverse-phase feed can improve the cross polarization isolation.
The top layer microstrip transmission line can be directly connected and converted with the ridge waveguide positioned at the bottom of the PCB, the length of the transmission line can be shortened, and the loss of the transmission line is reduced. However, there is no strong isolation structure similar to a metal floor between the top microstrip transmission line and the coupling plate, between the top microstrip transmission line and the top radiation plate, and between the top microstrip transmission line and the top radiation plate, between the top radiation plate and the top radiation plate. When the antenna unit with the offset phase center carries out array by reverse feeding, a larger side lobe is introduced, the performance of a terminal system is influenced, and the defects of communication interference and the like are caused. Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides a compact terminal array antenna with a balanced stub.
The antenna unit 200 of the compact terminal array antenna provided in this embodiment includes a balance branch 260 disposed on the dielectric plate 210, referring to fig. 3, the balance branch 260 and the coupling piece 230 are disposed on the same side of the dielectric plate 210, the balance branch 260 and the coupling piece 230 are disposed at an interval, and a coupling slit 270 is formed by a gap between the balance branch 260 and the coupling piece 230; the balance branch 260 and the microstrip transmission line 240 are oppositely disposed on both sides of the coupling patch 230.
In one embodiment, the balancing branches 260 may be open-circuit balancing branches 260 or short-circuit balancing branches 260. The electrical length of the open-circuit balancing stub 260 is half the wavelength of the signal wavelength; the electrical length of the short circuit balancing stub 260 is one quarter wavelength of the signal wavelength; coupling slot 270 has a width in the range of one-twentieth of the signal wavelength to one-tenth of the signal wavelength.
In a specific application scenario, an open-circuit balanced stub with a special electrical length (usually half wavelength) or a short-circuit balanced stub with a special electrical length (usually 1/4 wavelength) may be loaded on the other side of a microstrip transmission line fed by an antenna, and a gap (usually 1/20-1/10 wavelength) is reserved between the balanced stub and an antenna coupling patch, so that weak coupling is achieved between the coupling patch and the balance. The structure can realize a balanced structure of the microstrip antenna with single-side feed, stabilize the phase center to the physical center of the antenna, and avoid breaking the transmission and radiation forms of the antenna and keep the performance of the antenna.
The balanced structure can ensure that two polarization ridge waveguides are arranged in the same layer, side lobes or grating lobes which cannot be eliminated are not caused by overlarge antenna unit distance, and the antenna unit distance is usually set to be 0.7-0.9 times of wavelength. On the other hand, the antenna distance is increased, and the side lobe or the grating lobe is increased along with the increase of the antenna distance, so that the broadband microstrip antenna with the balance branches can effectively stabilize the phase center of the antenna unit, reduce the side lobe and the grating lobe of the antenna array and improve the performance of the antenna array system.
EXAMPLE III
Because the loss of the air medium pure ridge waveguide is very small, the system loss is not obvious by increasing the length of the ridge waveguide. Therefore, the layout of the array waveguide feed network can be realized in a mode of reasonably coiling the periphery of the antenna ridge waveguide layer structure.
The embodiment of the present application provides a compact terminal array antenna, and referring to fig. 10, an 8 × 8 array antenna is illustrated, which shows a structure diagram of a layer where two polarization ridge waveguides are located. The vertically polarized ridge waveguide can be placed inside a sub-array of 1 x 2 counter-fed as shown in fig. 8, 9, 10. Because the vertical polarization ridge waveguide occupies the structural space inside the ridge waveguide layer, when the horizontal polarization ridge waveguide feeding network cannot realize inward connection, the horizontal polarization ridge waveguide feeding network can be arranged in a peripheral coiling mode, such as the arrangement of the horizontal polarization waveguide shown in fig. 9, so that a vertical polarization total port 8 and a horizontal polarization total port 9 are formed. Through the structural layout, the structure that two polarization ridge waveguides are arranged on the same layer can be realized, the thickness of the terminal is reduced, and the high-integration terminal antenna is realized.
The prior art is only improved aiming at individual technology or design defects, for example, a microstrip antenna replaces a horn antenna to reduce the thickness of a terminal, but the working bandwidth of the antenna is reduced; the sub-array antenna layout reduces the number of wave ports, but increases the system loss; the stability of the antenna phase center can be kept by loading a strong isolation metal ground between the microstrip line and the radiating plate, but the system cost is increased by the necessary multilayer dielectric plate of the structure. All technical difficulties or design defects of the terminal antenna are not solved on the whole.
The compact terminal array antenna provided by the application has the advantages that the defects caused by the introduction of individual or several structures are overcome by mutually crossing multiple technologies, and the defects are made up by ingenious design. Therefore, the compact terminal array antenna provided by the application achieves high performance as a whole. The method and the device for the antenna design of the terminal systematically provide an overall solution by combining the technical and design defects of the existing terminal antenna, and avoid introducing other risks due to the fact that a difficult problem is solved.
Example four
Based on the compact terminal array antenna provided by the embodiment, the embodiment of the application provides a handheld terminal, which comprises a handheld terminal shell, and the handheld terminal further comprises the compact terminal array antenna, and the compact terminal array antenna is fixedly installed on the handheld terminal shell.
All the technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features), and for brevity of description, all the possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described; such non-explicitly written embodiments should be considered as being within the scope of the present description.
The present application has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain embodiments and examples thereof. It should be understood that several conventional adaptations or further innovations of these specific embodiments may also be made based on the technical idea of the present application; however, such conventional modifications and further innovations can also fall into the scope of the claims of the present application as long as they do not depart from the technical idea of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A compact terminal array antenna is characterized by comprising one or more ridge waveguide structures (100) and one or more antenna units (200) arranged on the ridge waveguide structures (100), wherein a plurality of antenna units (200) are arranged in an array;
the antenna unit (200) comprises a dielectric plate (210), a grounding metal plate (220), a coupling piece (230), a microstrip transmission line (240) and a radiating piece (250), wherein the grounding metal plate (220), the coupling piece (230), the microstrip transmission line (240) and the radiating piece (230) are arranged on the dielectric plate (210) at intervals, the coupling piece (230) and the microstrip transmission line (240) are arranged on the same side of the dielectric plate (210), and the grounding metal plate (220) and the coupling piece (230) are arranged oppositely;
the antenna unit further comprises a microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, and the microstrip transmission line (240) of the antenna unit (200) is connected with the ridge waveguide structure (100) through the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure.
2. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 1,
the ridge waveguide structure (100) comprises a bottom plate (110), two side plates and a partition plate, wherein the two side plates are respectively connected with the bottom plate (110) and are arranged at opposite intervals, the partition plate is arranged between the two side plates, the bottom plate (110) is connected with the ground, the two side plates form a ridge waveguide outer wall (120) of the ridge waveguide structure (100), and the partition plate forms a ridge waveguide inner wall (130) of the ridge waveguide structure (100).
3. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 2,
one ends of the two ridge waveguide outer walls (120) departing from the bottom plate (110) are respectively connected with a grounding metal plate (220) of the antenna unit (200);
a through hole is formed in the grounding metal plate (220), and the end part, deviating from the bottom plate (110), of the ridge waveguide inner wall (130) penetrates through the through hole to be connected with the dielectric plate (210);
the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure comprises a metal screw (300), wherein one end of the metal screw (300) penetrates through the dielectric slab (210) from the surface of the dielectric slab (210) provided with the microstrip transmission line (240) and then is connected with the ridge waveguide inner wall (130); the other end of the metal screw (300) is connected with the microstrip transmission line (240).
4. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 3,
the size of a through hole on the grounding metal plate (220) is larger than the size of the end face of the ridge waveguide inner wall (130), and an air layer is formed between the side wall of the through hole and the ridge waveguide inner wall (130);
the dielectric plate (210) is a PCB, and mounting holes matched with the metal screws (300) are formed in the PCB through a counter bore process.
5. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 1,
one end of the coupling piece (230) is connected with the end part of the microstrip transmission line (240);
a gap is formed in the radiation piece (250), a radiation gap (251) is formed in the gap, at least two gaps are formed in the radiation piece (250), the two gaps are arranged in a cross shape, and the intersection point of the two gaps corresponds to the central point of the coupling piece (230).
6. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 1,
the antenna unit (200) further comprises a balance branch (260) arranged on the dielectric plate (210), the balance branch (260) and the coupling piece (230) are arranged on the same side of the dielectric plate (210), the balance branch (260) and the coupling piece (230) are arranged at intervals, and a coupling slit (270) is formed in a gap between the balance branch (260) and the coupling piece (230);
the balance branch knot (260) and the microstrip transmission line (240) are oppositely arranged on two sides of the coupling piece (230).
7. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 6,
the balancing branch (260) is an open-circuit balancing branch (260) or a short-circuit balancing branch (260);
the electrical length of the open-circuit balance branch knot (260) is half wavelength of signal wavelength;
the electrical length of the short circuit balance branch (260) is a quarter wavelength of the signal wavelength;
the coupling slot (270) has a width in the range of one-twentieth of a signal wavelength to one-tenth of a signal wavelength.
8. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 1,
two adjacent antenna units (200) are connected through a microstrip transmission line (240) on the two antenna units, the two connected antenna units (200) form a row and column reversed-phase feed antenna subarray structure, and the distance between the two antenna units (200) ranges from 0.7 times of signal wavelength to 0.9 times of signal wavelength;
the two connected antenna units (200) are respectively fed through the microstrip transmission lines (240) on the two antenna units (200), and the phase difference of the feeding of the microstrip transmission lines (240) on the two antenna units (200) is 180 degrees.
9. The compact terminal array antenna of claim 8,
the two connected antenna units are respectively a first antenna unit (1) and a second antenna unit (2), the first antenna unit (1) and the second antenna unit (2) are arranged in a left-right row, the first antenna unit (1) is provided with a first microstrip transmission line (11), the second antenna unit (2) is provided with a second microstrip transmission line (21), the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure is arranged at the joint of the first microstrip transmission line (11) and the second microstrip transmission line (21), the first microstrip transmission line (11) and the second microstrip transmission line (21) are connected with the ridge waveguide structure through the microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, and the first microstrip transmission line (11) and the second microstrip transmission line (21) form a horizontally polarized microstrip transmission line (5);
the ridge waveguide structure connected with the first antenna unit (1) is a horizontal polarization ridge waveguide structure (3), and the ridge waveguide structure connected with the second antenna unit (2) is a vertical polarization ridge waveguide structure (4); the horizontally polarized ridge waveguide structure (3) is arranged opposite to the vertically polarized ridge waveguide structure (4);
the antenna comprises a first antenna unit (1), a second antenna unit (2) and a third antenna unit, wherein the first antenna unit (1) is further provided with a third microstrip transmission line (12), the second antenna unit (2) is further provided with a fourth microstrip transmission line (22), the connection position of the third microstrip transmission line (12) and the fourth microstrip transmission line (22) is provided with a microstrip ridge waveguide conversion structure, and the third microstrip transmission line (12) and the fourth microstrip transmission line (22) form a vertical polarization microstrip transmission line (6).
10. A hand-held terminal, includes hand-held terminal casing, its characterized in that: the hand-held terminal further comprises a compact terminal array antenna as recited in any of claims 1-9, fixedly mounted on the hand-held terminal housing.
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| US20020003502A1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-10 | Falk Kent Olof | One aperture simultaneous RX-TX-antenna |
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