CN114775540B - A bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device - Google Patents
A bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114775540B CN114775540B CN202210378450.9A CN202210378450A CN114775540B CN 114775540 B CN114775540 B CN 114775540B CN 202210378450 A CN202210378450 A CN 202210378450A CN 114775540 B CN114775540 B CN 114775540B
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023591 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
- E02B3/26—Fenders
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/046—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means using combinations of springs of different kinds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于桥梁防撞技术领域，具体涉及一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge anti-collision, and in particular relates to a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device.
背景技术Background technique
随着桥梁技术以及交通运输业的不断发展，在很多航道的上方都架起了桥梁，船只通过桥洞时，由于潮汐、风浪等不确定因素，不可避免的会出现船只顶部高出桥洞的情况，进而导致船只与桥架发生碰撞。With the continuous development of bridge technology and transportation industry, bridges have been built above many waterways. When ships pass through the bridge holes, due to uncertain factors such as tides, wind and waves, it is inevitable that the top of the ship will be higher than the bridge hole, which will lead to a collision between the ship and the bridge.
然而，现在各国对桥梁的防撞防护多集中在桥墩防撞及护舷技术方面，对桥架的防撞保护少有涉及，有些桥梁对桥架进行了保护，但也基本是借鉴了陆地上车辆的限高措施，在桥架下方设置了如车辆限高架一类的限高装置，其对桥架的保护作用不甚理想。究其原因，主要是因为货运船只的吨位一般较大，对吨位较小的车辆能起到较好限高防撞效果的同类装置，无法对船只也起到较好的作用；同时，因为水上环境较陆地更为复杂，直接移植陆地限高装置的适应性较差，安装和维护也都不方便，无法真正做到对船只进行有效的抵抗船舶冲击进行限高防撞。However, the anti-collision protection of bridges in various countries now focuses on the anti-collision of piers and fenders, and rarely involves the anti-collision protection of bridge frames. Some bridges have protected the bridge frames, but they are basically based on the height limit measures of vehicles on land. A height limit device such as a vehicle height limit frame is set under the bridge frame, which does not protect the bridge frame well. The main reason is that the tonnage of freight ships is generally large, and similar devices that can play a good role in limiting the height and preventing collisions for vehicles with smaller tonnage cannot play a good role for ships; at the same time, because the water environment is more complex than that on land, the adaptability of directly transplanting the land height limit device is poor, and it is inconvenient to install and maintain it, and it is impossible to effectively resist the impact of ships and limit the height and prevent collisions.
发明内容Summary of the invention
基于上述背景技术中提到的问题，本发明提供了一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置，用于解决目前桥梁限高装置难以抵抗船舶冲击的问题。Based on the problems mentioned in the above background technology, the present invention provides a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device, which is used to solve the problem that the current bridge height limiting device is difficult to resist the impact of ships.
本发明采用的技术方案如下：The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置，包括安装与桥墩上的安装座，所述安装座上安装有缓冲件，所述桥墩上设有支座，所述支座上架设有桥面，所述安装座包括第一基座，所述第一基座固定安装于桥墩上，所述第一基座上滑动安装有两个相对设置的楔台，两个楔台之间安装有减震器和第二基座，第二基座上设有与楔台相匹配的楔面，第二基座与楔台滑动接触，所述第一基座上安装有用于防止第二基座脱落的限位扣，所述第二基座开设有多个槽组，每个槽组均包括多个安装槽，所述缓冲件安装于安装槽内，所述缓冲件包括板簧，所述板簧两端安装有滑台，所述滑台上均穿设有导杆，所述导杆上安装有顶板，所述顶板与滑台之间安装有减震弹簧。The cam is provided with a plurality of guide rails, the guide rails being provided with a plurality of guide rails each having a plurality of guide rails, the guide rails being provided with a plurality of guide rails each having a plurality of guide rails.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还进行了以下改进：On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention also makes the following improvements:
进一步，相邻两个槽组的安装槽均错位分布。相邻槽组内的板簧错位分布，避免船舶自两个板簧之间直接撞击第二基座。Furthermore, the installation slots of two adjacent slot groups are staggered. The leaf springs in adjacent slot groups are staggered to prevent the ship from directly hitting the second base between the two leaf springs.
进一步，所述滑台上安装有万向滚珠。通过万向滚珠减小滑台与安装槽之间的摩擦阻力，使板簧收冲击瞬间两端更容易向两侧伸展，有利于提高缓冲效果。Furthermore, a universal ball is installed on the slide, which reduces the friction resistance between the slide and the installation groove, so that the two ends of the leaf spring are more likely to stretch to both sides at the moment of impact, which is conducive to improving the buffering effect.
进一步，所述第一基座上连接有安装箍，所述安装箍套设于桥墩上，所述安装箍与桥墩之间安装有第一缓冲垫。第一基座安装方便，同时在第一缓冲垫的作用避免第一基座受冲击时安装箍对桥墩造成损伤。Furthermore, the first base is connected with a mounting hoop, the mounting hoop is sleeved on the bridge pier, and a first buffer pad is installed between the mounting hoop and the bridge pier. The first base is easy to install, and the first buffer pad prevents the mounting hoop from damaging the bridge pier when the first base is impacted.
进一步，所述第一基座上等间距开设有多个连通槽，所述楔台于连通槽内连接有安装架，所述减震器安装于两个安装架之间。减震器与楔台可设置在第一基座的异侧，从而可避免减震器对第二基座的移动造成干涉，同时在连通槽的作用下安装架与楔台之间可设置多个固定连接点，使安装架在受力时不易弯曲。Furthermore, the first base is provided with a plurality of connecting grooves at equal intervals, the wedge platform is connected to a mounting frame in the connecting grooves, and the shock absorber is installed between the two mounting frames. The shock absorber and the wedge platform can be arranged on different sides of the first base, so as to avoid interference of the shock absorber on the movement of the second base. At the same time, under the action of the connecting grooves, a plurality of fixed connection points can be arranged between the mounting frame and the wedge platform, so that the mounting frame is not easy to bend when subjected to force.
进一步，所述第一基座上开设有坡面，所述坡面与桥面之间安装有第二缓冲垫。在桥面的限制下第一基座基座在受力时不会弯曲变形，同时由于第一基座与桥面的接触面较大、且与桥面之间设置有第二缓冲垫在受冲击时不易导致桥面受损。Furthermore, a slope is provided on the first base, and a second buffer pad is installed between the slope and the bridge deck. Under the restriction of the bridge deck, the first base will not bend or deform when subjected to force, and because the contact surface between the first base and the bridge deck is large and the second buffer pad is provided between the first base and the bridge deck, the bridge deck is not easily damaged when subjected to impact.
进一步，所述第一基座上安装有拱形架，所述拱形架位于第二基座上方。在不损伤桥面板结构前提下，拱形框架可安装激光、雷达、红外液位计、LED情报板、高音喇叭、汽笛、智能摄像机等设备。Furthermore, an arch frame is installed on the first base, and the arch frame is located above the second base. Under the premise of not damaging the bridge deck structure, the arch frame can be installed with laser, radar, infrared level meter, LED information board, tweeter, whistle, smart camera and other equipment.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
受超过限高的船舶冲击时板簧变形向两侧扩展与安装槽的两端接触，将对船舶冲击力向多个方向分解进行第一次缓冲；经过第一缓冲后第二基座受到的压力迫使楔台移动压缩减震器，将第二基座受到的压力再次分解进行第二次缓冲减小第一基座受力，可较好的对桥面进行保护。When impacted by a ship exceeding the height limit, the leaf spring deforms and expands to both sides to contact the two ends of the installation groove, thereby decomposing the impact force of the ship in multiple directions for the first buffering; after the first buffering, the pressure on the second base forces the wedge to move the compression shock absorber, and decomposes the pressure on the second base again for the second buffering to reduce the force on the first base, thereby better protecting the bridge deck.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
本发明可以通过附图给出的非限定性实施例进一步说明；The present invention can be further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;
图1为本发明实施例中一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置的使用状态示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device in use according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置使用状态的局部剖切结构示意图；FIG2 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device in use according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为图2中A处的放大结构示意图；FIG3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at A in FIG2 ;
图4为本发明实施例中一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置的结构示意图一；FIG4 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置的结构示意图二；FIG5 is a second structural schematic diagram of a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为图5中B处的放大结构示意图；FIG6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at B in FIG5 ;
图7为本发明实施例中第二基座的结构示意图；FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second base in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例中缓冲件的结构示意图；FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
主要元件符号说明如下：The main component symbols are described as follows:
桥墩11、支座12、桥面3、安装座4、第一基座41、连通槽411、安装架412、坡面413、楔台42、第二基座43、安装槽431、楔面432、安装箍44、减震器45、缓冲件5、板簧51、滑台52、顶板53、导杆54、减震弹簧55。Bridge pier 11, support 12, bridge deck 3, mounting seat 4, first base 41, connecting groove 411, mounting frame 412, slope 413, wedge platform 42, second base 43, mounting groove 431, wedge surface 432, mounting hoop 44, shock absorber 45, buffer member 5, leaf spring 51, slide 52, top plate 53, guide rod 54, shock-absorbing spring 55.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案进一步说明。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1～8所示，一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置，包括安装与桥墩11上的安装座4，安装座4上安装有缓冲件5，桥墩11上设有支座12，支座12上架设有桥面3，安装座4包括第一基座41，第一基座41固定安装于桥墩11上，其中，第一基座41上连接有安装箍44，安装箍44套设于桥墩11上，安装箍44与桥墩11之间安装有第一缓冲垫，第一基座41安装方便，同时在第一缓冲垫的作用避免第一基座41受冲击时安装箍44对桥墩造成损伤，第一基座41上滑动安装有两个相对设置的楔台42，两个楔台42之间安装有减震器45和第二基座43，第二基座43上设有与楔台42相匹配的楔面432，第二基座43与楔台42滑动接触，第一基座41上安装有用于防止第二基座43脱落的限位扣，第二基座43开设有多个槽组，每个槽组均包括多个安装槽431，缓冲件5安装于安装槽431内，缓冲件5包括板簧51，板簧51两端安装有滑台52，滑台52上均穿设有导杆54，导杆54上安装有顶板53，顶板53与滑台52之间安装有减震弹簧55。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 , a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device comprises a mounting seat 4 mounted on a pier 11, a buffer member 5 is mounted on the mounting seat 4, a support 12 is provided on the pier 11, a bridge deck 3 is mounted on the support 12, the mounting seat 4 comprises a first base 41, the first base 41 is fixedly mounted on the pier 11, wherein a mounting hoop 44 is connected to the first base 41, the mounting hoop 44 is sleeved on the pier 11, a first buffer pad is installed between the mounting hoop 44 and the pier 11, the first base 41 is easy to install, and at the same time, the first buffer pad prevents the mounting hoop 44 from causing damage to the pier when the first base 41 is impacted, and a first base 41 is slidably mounted with a There are two wedge platforms 42 arranged opposite to each other, and a shock absorber 45 and a second base 43 are installed between the two wedge platforms 42. The second base 43 is provided with a wedge surface 432 matching the wedge platform 42, and the second base 43 is in sliding contact with the wedge platform 42. A limit buckle for preventing the second base 43 from falling off is installed on the first base 41. The second base 43 is provided with a plurality of groove groups, and each groove group includes a plurality of mounting grooves 431. The buffer member 5 is installed in the mounting groove 431. The buffer member 5 includes a leaf spring 51. Slides 52 are installed at both ends of the leaf spring 51. Guide rods 54 are passed through the slides 52. A top plate 53 is installed on the guide rod 54. A shock absorbing spring 55 is installed between the top plate 53 and the slide 52.
具体地，由于板簧51位弧形结构，相邻的板簧51之间将存在一定的空白区域，为避免船舶自两个板簧51之间直接撞击第二基座43，相邻两个槽组的安装槽431均错位分布，从而使相邻槽组内的板簧51错位分布。Specifically, due to the arc-shaped structure of the leaf spring 51, there will be a certain blank area between adjacent leaf springs 51. To prevent the ship from directly hitting the second base 43 between two leaf springs 51, the installation slots 431 of two adjacent slot groups are staggered, so that the leaf springs 51 in adjacent slot groups are staggered.
具体地，为减小滑台52与安装槽431之间的摩擦阻力，使板簧51收冲击瞬间两端更容易向两侧伸展提高缓冲效果，滑台52上安装有万向滚珠。Specifically, in order to reduce the friction resistance between the slide 52 and the mounting groove 431 and make it easier for both ends of the leaf spring 51 to stretch to both sides at the moment of impact to improve the buffering effect, a universal ball is installed on the slide 52.
具体地，第一基座41上等间距开设有多个连通槽411，楔台42于连通槽411内连接有安装架412，减震器45安装于两个安装架412之间，减震器45与楔台42可设置在第一基座41的异侧，从而可避免减震器45对第二基座43的移动造成干涉，同时在连通槽411的作用下安装架412与楔台42之间可设置多个固定连接点，使安装架412在受力时不易弯曲。Specifically, a plurality of connecting grooves 411 are provided at equal intervals on the first base 41, a mounting frame 412 is connected to the wedge platform 42 in the connecting grooves 411, and a shock absorber 45 is installed between the two mounting frames 412. The shock absorber 45 and the wedge platform 42 can be arranged on different sides of the first base 41, so as to avoid interference of the shock absorber 45 with the movement of the second base 43. At the same time, under the action of the connecting grooves 411, a plurality of fixed connection points can be arranged between the mounting frame 412 and the wedge platform 42, so that the mounting frame 412 is not easily bent when subjected to force.
具体地，第一基座41上开设有坡面413，坡面413与桥面3之间安装有第二缓冲垫，在桥面3的限制下第一基座41基座在受力时不会弯曲变形，同时由于第一基座41与桥面3的接触面较大、且与桥面之间设置有第二缓冲垫在受冲击时不易导致桥面3受损。Specifically, a slope 413 is provided on the first base 41, and a second buffer pad is installed between the slope 413 and the bridge deck 3. Under the restriction of the bridge deck 3, the first base 41 will not bend or deform when subjected to force. At the same time, since the contact area between the first base 41 and the bridge deck 3 is large and a second buffer pad is provided between the first base 41 and the bridge deck, it is not easy to cause damage to the bridge deck 3 when impacted.
具体地，第一基座41上安装有拱形架6，拱形架6位于第二基座43上方，在不损伤桥面板结构前提下，拱形框架可安装激光、雷达、红外液位计、LED情报板、高音喇叭、汽笛、智能摄像机等设备。Specifically, an arch frame 6 is installed on the first base 41, and the arch frame 6 is located above the second base 43. Without damaging the bridge deck structure, the arch frame can be installed with lasers, radars, infrared level meters, LED information boards, tweeters, whistles, smart cameras and other equipment.
当超高船舶驶入桥区水域撞击桥梁时，在冲击力下板簧51变形向两侧扩展与安装槽431的两端接触，将对船舶冲击力向多个方向分解进行第一次缓冲，当滑台52无法继续移动时板簧不再继续扩展，此时船舶通过板簧51将直接挤压第二基座43；经过第一缓冲后第二基座43受到的压力迫使楔台42移动压缩减震器45，将第二基座43受到的压力再次分解进行第二次缓冲减小第一基座41受力，同时由于第一基座41与桥面3之间的接触面积较大，桥面3受力面积交到，经过两次缓冲后船舶的撞击不易造成桥面3受损。When an ultra-high ship enters the water area of the bridge area and hits the bridge, the leaf spring 51 is deformed and expanded to both sides under the impact force to contact the two ends of the installation groove 431, which will decompose the impact force of the ship in multiple directions for the first buffering. When the slide 52 cannot continue to move, the leaf spring will no longer continue to expand. At this time, the ship will directly squeeze the second base 43 through the leaf spring 51; after the first buffering, the pressure on the second base 43 forces the wedge 42 to move the compression shock absorber 45, and the pressure on the second base 43 is decomposed again for the second buffering to reduce the force on the first base 41. At the same time, due to the large contact area between the first base 41 and the bridge deck 3, the force-bearing area of the bridge deck 3 is shared. After two bufferings, the collision of the ship is not likely to cause damage to the bridge deck 3.
以上对本发明提供的一种桥梁上部结构防船撞保护装置进行了详细介绍。具体实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The above is a detailed introduction to a bridge superstructure anti-ship collision protection device provided by the present invention. The description of the specific embodiment is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
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