CN114766511A - Fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and using method - Google Patents

Fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and using method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114766511A
CN114766511A CN202210571957.6A CN202210571957A CN114766511A CN 114766511 A CN114766511 A CN 114766511A CN 202210571957 A CN202210571957 A CN 202210571957A CN 114766511 A CN114766511 A CN 114766511A
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fruit
fruits
hardening agent
soften
easy
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于军武
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit quality improving agents, and discloses a fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and a using method, wherein the fruit hardening agent comprises the following materials: the material comprises physiological acid substances, inorganic compounds, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, wherein the materials are prepared according to the following proportion: the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften and the using method thereof have the advantages that the physiological acid substance is 0g/L-500g/L, the inorganic compound is 0g/L-580g/L, the carboxylic acid is 0g/L-300g/L, and the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 0g/L-180 g/L.

Description

Fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and use method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit quality improving agents, in particular to a fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and a using method thereof.
Background
The fruits such as peaches, plums, apricots, plums, nectarines, cherries, grapes, tomatoes and the like which are easy to soften, and a lot of organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and the like are accumulated in vacuoles when the fruits are not ripe. At maturation, a portion of the organic acids are oxidized to CO2 and H2O, a portion converted to sugars, and others neutralized by K +, Ca2+, and the like. Therefore, the mature fruit has reduced sourness and increased sweetness, and the fruit is harder when immature because of the pectin among cells and the cells are arranged closely; after ripening, pectin is decomposed under the action of pectinase, cells are dissociated, and therefore the pectin is changed from hard to soft, fruits cannot be kept in a hard state well in the existing agricultural products, the growing period of the fruits is delayed, and the developing period of the fruits is finished after the fruits are softened, so that the fruits fall and waste is caused if farmers cannot sell or treat the fruits in time, and therefore the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften and the using method are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fruit hardening agent for easily softening fruits and a using method thereof.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the fruit hardening agent for the fruit easy to soften comprises the following materials: the material comprises a physiological acid substance, an inorganic compound, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, wherein the materials are arranged in the following proportion: 0g/L-500g/L of physiological acid substance, 0g/L-580g/L of inorganic compound, 0g/L-300g/L of carboxylic acid and 0g/L-180g/L of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
Preferably, the physiologically acidic substance is potassium levulinate.
Preferably, the inorganic compound is calcium oxide.
Preferably, the carboxylic acid is lactic acid.
Preferably, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is AEO-9.
Preferably, the proportion of the potassium levulinate, the calcium oxide, the lactic acid and the AEO-9 is as follows: 50g/L-500g/L potassium levulinate, 60g/L-580g/L calcium oxide, 20g/L-300g/L lactic acid and 930g/L-180g/L AEO.
Preferably, the mixture ratio of the potassium levulinate, the calcium oxide, the lactic acid and the AEO-9 is as follows: 275g/L potassium levulinate, 280g/L calcium oxide, 160g/L lactic acid and AEO-9185 g/L.
The application method of the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the scheme is suitable for fruits which are easy to soften such as peaches, plums, apricots, plums, nectarines, cherries, grapes and tomatoes.
The second step: observing the growth state of the fruits;
determining the fruit in the fruit setting stage, young fruit stage and expansion stage.
The third step: taking a hard fruit agent, observing the proportion of a physiological acidic substance, an inorganic compound, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether in the hard fruit agent, and diluting with water;
in the dilution process, the hard fruit agent is required to be poured and stirred at the same time, and the dilution is 400 times.
The fourth step: spraying is carried out.
The spraying time interval is 7-10 days, and each spraying time needs to be continuously sprayed for 3-5 times.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a fruit hardening agent for easily softening fruits and a use method thereof, and the fruit hardening agent has the following beneficial effects:
1. the fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and the use method thereof can promote the transfer of photosynthetic products, increase the content of soluble solids in the fruits, improve the hardness of the fruits, regulate and control stomata opening, reduce respiratory consumption, inhibit the generation of ethylene and prolong the development period of the fruits.
2. The fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and the use method thereof can promote the organs of the fruits to be strong, prevent the aging process of pulp cells, prevent the hydrolysis of pectin substances, prolong the growth period of the fruits, reduce the fruit drop before picking, reduce the decreasing speed of the pulp hardness and effectively reduce the loss caused by the fruit softening in the mature period.
3. The fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and the use method can promote the growth of cortex, quickly activate the activity of growth points of the cortex, increase the thickness and elasticity of the ligament of the cortex, balance the microenvironment of the peel and prevent the peel from cracking caused by improper climate after being used.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften comprises the following materials: the material comprises a physiological acidic substance, an inorganic compound, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, wherein the materials are arranged in the following proportion: 50g/L of physiological acidic substance, 60g/L of inorganic compound, 20g/L of carboxylic acid and 30g/L of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
The physiologically acidic substance is potassium levulinate, which is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H8O 3. Is easily soluble in water and part of organic solvent, but is not soluble in gasoline, kerosene, turpentine, carbon tetrachloride, etc. The normal pressure distillation is almost not decomposed, the dehydration is carried out after the long-time heating to generate unsaturated gamma-lactone, the levulinic acid is a polyfunctional compound simultaneously containing carbonyl, alpha-hydrogen and carboxyl, the levulinic acid is a basic raw material for synthesizing various light chemical products, and the levulinic acid has wide use value in organic synthesis, industrial, agricultural and medical industries, and the hydrogenated product gamma-valerolactone of the levulinic acid is a high-grade solvent and can be used as an intermediate product for preparing synthetic rubber, cold-resistant plasticizer and surfactant. The chlorinated levulinic acid can be used as a bacteriostatic agent for industrial circulating water. In agriculture, amine salts of chlorinated levulinic acid are useful as herbicides and defoliants. In medicine, the anti-inflammatory medicine prepared from levulinic acid and the intravenous injection are prepared by deep hydrolysis of starch, glucose and cellulose raw materials. Usually, the raw materials are heated in the presence of hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid) or other hydrolysis catalysts, and are decomposed by 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to obtain levulinic acid, and the levulinic acid is filtered, concentrated and prepared into a finished product by a reduced pressure distillation or extraction method.
Can be used as carboxylic acid or ketone, and can be used for preparing various products by esterification, halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidative dehydrogenation, condensation and other chemical reactions. Such as plastics modifiers, solvents, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, fragrances, pesticide intermediates, organic synthetic intermediates, polymer additives, lubricating oil additives, surfactants, printing inks, rubber aids, cosmetic additives (including shampoos, rinses), and the like.
The inorganic compound is calcium oxide, which is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula of CaO, commonly known as quicklime. The physical properties are white powder on the surface, which is impure, pale white, yellowish or grey with impurities, hygroscopicity, and calcium oxide, and is obtained by boiling to remove CO2. Adding lime milk into the hot solution, filtering to remove hydroxide precipitate such as Cu, Fe, Mg, etc., heating the filtrate until it is nearly boiling, and introducing CO2Production of Ca (HCO)3)2，Ca(HCO3)2In an amount equivalent to the Ca (OH) added2The amount of (c). Boiling the solution, Ca (HCO)3)2I.e. decomposed into calcium carbonate precipitates and carries traces of Fe. Ca (NO) in filtrate3)2After cooling, 1/3 volumes of concentrated ammonia and concentrated (NH) were added4)2CO3Then there is additional CaCO3And precipitating. Mixing CaCO3Washing and drying the precipitate, and burning the precipitate in a quartz crucible on an electric furnace to obtain pure calcium oxide. If high-purity calcium oxide is to be prepared, high-purity calcium nitrate and high-purity ammonium carbonate are firstly synthesized into calcium carbonate: and (3) after refining the precipitate, drying the precipitate in an oven, burning the precipitate (controlling the temperature to be gradually increased), keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 8 hours, taking the precipitate out, cooling the precipitate slightly, and drying and storing the precipitate to obtain a product, namely 99.999 percent of high-purity calcium oxide.
The carboxylic acid is lactic acid. Lactic acid is C3H6O3, contains a hydroxyl group and is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). In aqueous solution, the carboxyl group releases a proton to produce lactate ion CH3CH (OH) COO, and lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to L-lactate during fermentation. Lactic acid is produced continuously during normal metabolism and exercise, but its concentration does not generally rise. The concentration of lactic acid is increased only when the lactic acid production process is accelerated and the lactic acid cannot be transported away in time.
The fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is AEO-9. AEO-9 can be used as nonionic surfactant for emulsion, cream, and shampoo cosmetics. Has excellent water solubility, and can be used for preparing oil-in-water emulsion. In addition, they can also be used as antistatic agents. Is hydrophilic emulsifier, can enhance the solubility of some substances in water, and can be used as emulsifier for preparing O/W type emulsion.
Example two: the fruit hardening agent for the fruit easy to soften comprises the following materials: the material comprises a physiological acidic substance, an inorganic compound, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, wherein the materials are arranged in the following proportion: 275g/L of physiological acidic substance, 280g/L of inorganic compound, 160g/L of carboxylic acid and 185g/L of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
Example three: the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften comprises the following materials: the material comprises a physiological acid substance, an inorganic compound, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, wherein the materials are arranged in the following proportion: 500g/L of physiological acid substance, 580g/L of inorganic compound, 300g/L of carboxylic acid and 180g/L of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
The application method of the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the scheme is suitable for fruits which are easy to soften such as peaches, plums, apricots, plums, nectarines, cherries, grapes and tomatoes.
The second step is that: observing the growth state of the fruits;
determining the fruit in the fruit setting stage, young fruit stage and expanding stage.
The third step: taking a hard fruit agent, observing the proportion of a physiological acidic substance, an inorganic compound, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether in the hard fruit agent, and diluting with water, wherein the pH value after dilution is different due to different proportions, so that the higher the proportion of the carboxylic acid is, the more water needs to be added;
in the dilution process, the hard fruit agent is required to be poured and stirred at the same time, and the dilution is 300-fold and 400-fold.
The fourth step: spraying is carried out.
The spraying time interval is 7-10 days, and each spraying needs 3-5 times.
Note that:
can be mixed with bactericide and pesticide, and can not be mixed with alkaline substance and agricultural hormone product.
Sealing and storing in dry and dark place at normal temperature, and prohibiting human and livestock from eating.
The mixture ratio based on the three groups of embodiments is as follows:
Figure BDA0003660566710000051
the difference between the product prepared based on the three groups of examples and the two existing hard fruit agents after being used in the planting of fruits with soft fruits such as peaches, plums, apricots, plums, nectarines, cherries, grapes, tomatoes and the like is as follows:
Figure BDA0003660566710000052
Figure BDA0003660566710000061
the fruit cracking rate is determined based on the cracking rate in each hundred fruits.
Based on the above table, it can be seen that:
the product can promote the transfer of photosynthetic products, increase the content of soluble solids in fruits, improve the hardness of fruits, regulate and control stomata opening, reduce respiratory consumption, inhibit the generation of ethylene and prolong the development period of fruits.
Promoting fruit organ health, preventing aging process of pulp cells, preventing hydrolysis of pectin, prolonging fruit growth period, reducing fruit drop before picking, reducing pulp hardness decrease speed, and effectively reducing loss caused by soft fruit in mature period.
After the fruit peel preservative is used, the growth of the cortex can be promoted, the activity of the growth point of the cortex can be quickly activated, the thickness and the elasticity of the ligament of the cortex can be increased, the microenvironment of the fruit peel can be balanced, and the fruit peel can be prevented from cracking due to improper climate.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften is characterized by comprising the following materials: physiological acidic substances, inorganic compounds, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether;
the materials are arranged in the following proportion: 0g/L-500g/L of physiological acid substance, 0g/L-580g/L of inorganic compound, 0g/L-300g/L of carboxylic acid and 0g/L-180g/L of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
2. The fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften according to claim 1, wherein: the physiological acidic substance is potassium levulinate.
3. The fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften according to claim 1, wherein: the inorganic compound is calcium oxide.
4. The fruit hardening agent for soft fruit of claim 1, wherein: the carboxylic acid is lactic acid.
5. The fruit hardening agent for soft fruit of claim 1, wherein: the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is AEO-9.
6. The fruit hardening agent for fruit-softening-prone fruits according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein: the mixture ratio of the potassium levulinate, the calcium oxide, the lactic acid and the AEO-9 is as follows: 50g/L-500g/L potassium levulinate, 60g/L-580g/L calcium oxide, 20g/L-300g/L lactic acid and 930g/L-180g/L AEO.
7. The fruit hardening agent for fruit with soft texture as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the mixture ratio of the potassium levulinate, the calcium oxide, the lactic acid and the AEO-9 is as follows: 275g/L potassium levulinate, 280g/L calcium oxide, 160g/L lactic acid and AEO-9185 g/L.
8. The application method of the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining a planting variety;
the second step: observing the growth state of the fruits;
the third step: taking a fruit hardening agent, observing the mixture ratio of a physiological acid substance, an inorganic compound, carboxylic acid and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether in the fruit hardening agent, and diluting with water;
the fourth step: spraying is carried out for 7-10 days, and each spraying needs to be carried out for 3-5 times.
9. The use method of the fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the observation of the outdated growth state in the second step requires that the fruit be in the post-fruit setting, young fruit stage and expansion stage.
10. The use method of the fruit hardening agent for the fruits easy to soften as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: in the third step of dilution, the hard fruit agent is required to be poured and stirred at the same time, and the dilution is 300-fold and 400-fold.
CN202210571957.6A 2022-05-25 2022-05-25 Fruit hardening agent for fruits easy to soften and using method Pending CN114766511A (en)

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