CN114766261A - Special heat insulation membrane net for maintaining activity of tea leaves by adopting nanotechnology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a special heat insulation film net for maintaining activity of tea leaves by adopting a nanotechnology, belonging to the field of agricultural planting equipment. The membrane net comprises a plurality of net wires which are arranged in parallel; adjacent mesh filaments fit closely to form at least part of a mesh; the net wire comprises a plurality of arc-shaped pieces which are sleeved from inside to outside; the arc-shaped sheet positioned on the outermost layer is exposed in the air to be irradiated by sunlight, and the outer surface of the arc-shaped sheet is coated with a reflecting film with uniform thickness; the thicknesses of the reflecting films of different arc-shaped pieces are different; at least one tangential direction exists on the surfaces of all the reflecting films and is vertical to the sunlight irradiation direction; the reflecting films are made of materials which are relatively air and are dense media, the wavelength of infrared rays in the reflecting films is lambda, and the thickness of the reflecting films is 1/4 lambda; gaps which penetrate through the two sides of the screen wire are formed between the arc-shaped pieces of the single screen wire so as to enable air to flow; it can realize the stable cooling of the air temperature of the tea tree canopy face and the temperature of the leaves.

Description

A special heat insulation film net for keeping tea leaves active by nanotechnology

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting equipment, and more particularly relates to a special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology.

Background technique

The canopy micro-domain environment of tea trees is lower than the growth of tea, which has a huge impact; the climate environment of low temperature, high humidity and low light is conducive to the improvement of tea quality; while the summer and autumn tea in flat tea gardens are often due to continuous high temperature, low humidity and dry heat. , strong light environment is not conducive to the growth of tea.

In order to improve the quality of tea in summer and autumn, tea growers often cover the surface of the tea tree canopy with an insulating net. The sunlight isolated by the heat insulation net is mainly infrared light with longer wavelength, and infrared light has a thermal effect, so infrared isolation is the most effective.

However, ordinary heat insulation nets are insulated by physical isolation to avoid light penetration; some of the heat insulation nets are coated with a reflective film to reflect infrared rays; and light has the nature of waves and can penetrate a certain thickness The surface of the heat-insulating mesh is uneven after it is spread out, and the amount of light that can be reflected is uncertain when the light hits the heat-insulating mesh. Half-wave loss can only be generated at the angle of vertical illumination. , the infrared rays are reflected away, and such a setting will lead to a low efficiency of reflecting infrared rays; and the manufacturing cost of the reflective film is high, and such a setting will lead to a low utilization rate of materials.

In addition, due to the sunlight in the morning, the heat insulation net itself absorbs a certain amount of heat and becomes a heat source; in the afternoon, the cooling effect of the tea tree with the heat insulation net is not obvious compared with the tea tree without the heat insulation net; Because the tea trees covered with the thermal insulation net receive insufficient geothermal heat during the day, there is not much heat around the tea trees at night, which will lead to the problem of the tea tree environment being too cold.

In addition, the bottoms of most of the heat insulation nets are flat, and the heat of the sun exposure itself is high during the day, which is not conducive to the generation of water vapor in the air, and has little positive effect on the improvement of the humidity of tea trees.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology, which can realize the stable cooling of the air temperature and the temperature of the leaves at the tea tree canopy surface.

A special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology of the present invention includes a plurality of mesh wires arranged in parallel; the adjacent mesh wires are closely attached to form at least part of the net; Distributed arc-shaped sheets are arranged on the outer layer; the arc-shaped sheets located in the outermost layer are exposed to sunlight to be exposed to sunlight, and the outer surfaces of the arc-shaped sheets are all coated with a reflective film of uniform thickness; the reflective films of different arc-shaped sheets Different thicknesses; all reflective film surfaces have at least one tangential direction perpendicular to the direction of sunlight irradiation; the reflective films are made of materials that are wave-dense media relative to air, and the wavelength of infrared rays in the reflective film is λ, and all The thickness of the reflective film is 1/4 of λ; the arc-shaped pieces of a single mesh have gaps that penetrate both sides of the mesh to allow air to flow.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the arc-shaped sheet includes a heat-conducting film; the heat-conducting film is a uniform film layer made of heat-conducting metal; the heat-conducting film and the reflective film are in direct or indirect contact to exchange heat; The gaps are in direct contact to exchange heat.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the arc-shaped sheet is a 1/2 cylindrical surface and/or a 1/2 spherical surface.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the arc-shaped sheet includes an elastic layer; the elastic layer is made of a material with the ability to deform in any direction; the elastic layer is a cylindrical surface under normal conditions; the outer surface of the elastic layer is fixedly connected to the reflective film ; Under the deformed state of the elastic layer, the thickness of the reflective film remains unchanged.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a plurality of arc-shaped sheets are movably connected; within the movable range, the arc-shaped sheets located in the inner layer always keep the lower end surface level, and the arc-shaped sheet axis is perpendicular to the direction of sunlight irradiation , so that sunlight always shines vertically on the surface of the curved sheet located in the inner layer.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the mesh wire includes a plurality of wire tubes arranged and distributed from the inner to the outer layer; the plurality of wire tubes all include a support sheet and an arc-shaped sheet; the support sheet is in the shape of an arc-shaped sheet, and is fixed end to end with the arc-shaped sheet Ringed to form a hollow lumen; the support sheet is made of rigid material; the wire tube located in the inner layer is embedded in the hollow lumen of the adjacent outer layer wire; the wire tubes distributed from outside to inside have the same structure and size It is proportionally reduced; the outer end face of the support piece of the wire tube located in the inner layer is in sliding contact with the inner end face of the support piece of the wire tube located in the outer layer; under normal conditions, the support pieces of the wire tube are all coaxial, and the arc of the wire tube The shape pieces are all coaxial.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the membrane mesh further comprises a fixed edge, and the fixed edge is made of a tough material; the adjacent mesh wires are fixedly connected, and the mesh wire located at the outermost side is fixedly connected to the fixed edge; the fixed edge There is only partial or no overlap with the gap.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the membrane mesh further includes a closed edge; the closed edge and the fixed edge are detachably connected; during installation, the closed edge is in sealing contact with the mesh to block the gap; during disassembly, the closed edge is connected to the mesh. The wires separate to open the gap.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a plurality of meshes are interwoven into a mesh without voids by a crisscross method; the arc-shaped pieces of the different meshes between the two meshes in the same direction are at least partially spherical.

As a further improvement of the present invention, there is at least partial opening of the corresponding internal gap where each mesh wire is pressed by the anisotropic mesh wire.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the present invention, a plurality of mesh wires arranged in parallel are arranged, and the mesh wires are composed of a plurality of wire tubes arranged from the inside to the outer layer. Different thicknesses; each layer of reflective film is a film that can produce half-wave loss of infrared rays. Since the wavelength range of infrared rays is long, multi-layer reflective films are set to expand the range of infrared rays that can produce half-wave loss; It is a 1/2 cylindrical surface, the arc sheet is set in the north-south direction, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, the sun is very far away from the earth, the sunlight can be regarded as parallel light, when the sunlight shines on the arc sheet, it is always perpendicular to the surface of the arc sheet It ensures that part of the infrared rays in the sunlight can produce half-wave loss, improves the reflection effect of the arc-shaped sheet on part of the infrared rays in the sunlight, and reduces the heating effect of sunlight on the heat insulation net and tea tree.

The inner side of the arc-shaped sheet of the present invention is coated with a heat-conducting film made of heat-conducting metal, and the heat-conducting film can absorb the sunlight heat absorbed by the arc-shaped sheet as soon as possible; The heat absorbed by the thermal conductive film is taken away to avoid indirect heat radiation to the tree crown from the incidental heat.

The horizontal and vertical distribution of the mesh in the present invention is crisscrossed and woven into a mesh, so that the surface of the positive mesh between the two different meshes is pressed into a spherical shape, so that a large number of spherical arcs are distributed on the surface of the mesh. The spherical shape can make the sunlight from different directions in the sky irradiate on the arc-shaped piece vertically, which improves the flexibility of the placement of the membrane mesh.

At night, the invention closes both ends of the gap, so that the air in the gap that has absorbed the heat during the day is enclosed, and becomes a heat source at night, and supplements heat to the tea tree crown, so that the temperature difference of the tea tree crown throughout the day will not be is too big.

The omentum of the invention is made of a hollow omentum, is light in weight, does not compress the leaf buds at the crown, and is beneficial to the growth of the leaf buds.

The support sheets of the present invention are also arc-shaped, the ravines between the adjacent support sheets are conducive to the retention of water vapor, and the gaps in the mesh are ventilated, which is conducive to reducing the temperature of the support sheets, so that the support sheet and the air temperature at the crown of the tree form a temperature difference , which is conducive to the formation of water vapor in the gullies.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the membrane net of the specific embodiment one of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a mesh wire according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic plan view of the outer wire tube of the specific embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the arc-shaped sheet according to the specific embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process of solar reflection according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of a process of ventilation and heat dissipation according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of the horizontal and vertical distribution of mesh wires according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a schematic diagram of the plane structure of the place where the mesh wire is squeezed according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the closed edge closing the gap according to the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the change of the air humidity on the tea tree canopy surface after the application of different covering materials of the present invention is covered;

Figure 11 shows the changes of light intensity on the canopy surface of the tea tree after covering with different covering materials according to the present invention.

Description of the labels in the figure:

Mesh 1, outer wire tube 11, support sheet 111, curved sheet 112, reflective film 1121, elastic layer 1122, thermal conductive film 1123, middle wire tube 12, inner wire tube 13, fixed edge 2, closed edge 3.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiment 1: Please refer to Fig. 1-6, a special heat-shielding film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology, including a plurality of mesh wires 1 and fixed edges 2 arranged in parallel; the adjacent mesh wires 1 are closely attached To form a mesh surface; the axis of the mesh 1 is always perpendicular to the direction of sunlight, that is, assuming that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, the mesh 1 in this embodiment is set in a north-south direction.

The mesh 1 includes a plurality of wire tubes arranged from the inside to the outer layer; in this embodiment, the wire tubes are divided into an outer wire tube 11, a middle wire tube 12 and an inner wire tube 13; the outer wire tube 11, the middle wire tube 12 and the inner wire tube 13; The inner wire tube 13 is a component with the same structure and only different dimensions, and the size is reduced in equal proportions, and the outer wire tube 11 is exposed in the air to be exposed to sunlight. Each wire tube includes a support sheet 111 and an arc sheet 112; the arc sheet 112 is a 1/2 cylindrical surface; the support sheet 111 is an arc sheet, and is fixedly connected to the arc sheet 112 end to end to form a hollow inner The cavity; the support sheet 111 is made of rigid material, and the center of gravity of the wire tube is located in the center of the support sheet 111, so that the entire wire tube forms a tumbler-like structure. The wire tube in the inner layer is embedded in the hollow lumen of the adjacent outer layer of wire. The outer end surface of the support piece 111 of the wire tube located in the inner layer is in sliding contact with the inner end surface of the support piece 111 of the wire tube located in the outer layer; 112 are all coaxial; that is to say, when the outer wire tube 11 is rotated, the middle wire tube 12 and the inner wire tube 12 remain stationary. The membrane mesh is not spread out horizontally, but has a certain flexibility. The mesh 1 located at the edge of the membrane mesh will turn downward. At this time, within the movable range, the middle wire tube 12 and The inner wire tube 12 still remains stationary, that is, the lower end surface is kept horizontal, which can ensure that when the sun shines on the surface of the middle wire tube 12 and the inner wire tube 12, it is always injected vertically. The range of motion in the wire tube, the lower end surface of the wire tube inside the movable range is always kept horizontal. A gap is left between the arc-shaped pieces 112 of the outer wire tube 11 , the middle wire tube 12 and the inner wire tube 13 , and the gap passes through both sides of the mesh wire 1 to allow air to flow.

The arc-shaped sheet 112 includes a reflective film 1121 , an elastic layer 1122 and a thermally conductive film 1123 which are sequentially distributed from the outside to the inside.

The elastic layer 1122 is made of a material with the ability to deform in any direction; the elastic layer 1122 is a 1/2 cylindrical surface under normal conditions; the outer surface of the elastic layer 1122 is fixedly connected to the reflective film 1121; The thickness of film 1121 is constant throughout.

The outer surface of the arc-shaped sheet 112 is coated with a reflective film 1121 with uniform thickness; the thickness of the reflective film 1121 of different arc-shaped sheets 112 is different, and the thickness of the reflective film 1121 located on the inner side is lower than the thickness of the reflective film 1121 located on the outer side ; There is at least one tangential direction on the surface of all reflective films 1121 that is perpendicular to the direction of sunlight; the reflective films 1121 are made of materials that are wave-dense media relative to air, and the wavelength of infrared rays in the reflective film 1121 is λ, and The thickness of the reflective film 1121 is 1/4 of λ. The material of the reflective film 1121 is to allow infrared rays to generate half-wave interference. This material is existing (such as an infrared anti-reflection film of alumina single crystal). In this embodiment, the material is nanosized and then sprayed on the elastic layer 1122. Since the reflective film 1121 with one thickness can only correspond to infrared light of one type of wavelength, reflective films 1121 with different thicknesses are provided, so that when the infrared light irradiates the mesh 1, it needs to pass through three layers of reflective films 1121, which improves the performance of the infrared light. The reflectivity expands the wavelength range of the reflected infrared light.

The thermally conductive film 1123 is a uniform film layer made of thermally conductive metal; the thermally conductive film 1123 is fixedly sprayed on the inner surface of the elastic layer 11, and the thermally conductive film 1123 can absorb the heat of the reflective film 1121 and the elastic layer 11; The gaps are in direct contact to exchange heat, and when the gaps are ventilated, the heat of the thermally conductive film 1123 can be quickly taken away.

The fixed edge 2 is made of ductile material; the adjacent meshes 1 are fixedly connected, and the outermost mesh 1 is fixedly connected with the fixed edge 2; the fixed edge 2 and the gap only have partial overlap or no Coincidence; allows inward ventilation through the gap.

Specific embodiment 2: On the basis of specific embodiment 1, please refer to Fig. 7-8, a special heat-shielding film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology, a plurality of mesh wires 1 are interwoven into a void-free mesh by a cross-weaving method. Mesh; the arc-shaped sheet 112 of the different meshes 1 between the two meshes 1 in the same direction is at least partially spherical, and the arc-shaped sheet 112 is partially spherical, so that the surface of the membrane mesh is distributed There are a large number of spherical arc-shaped pieces 112 . The corresponding internal gap where each mesh wire 1 is pressed by the anisotropic mesh wire 1 is at least partially opened, so that the gap still runs through continuously. The spherical shape enables sunlight from different directions in the sky to irradiate on the arc-shaped sheet 112 vertically, which improves the flexibility of the placement of the membrane mesh rather than being restricted by the placement position of the mesh wire 1 .

Specific embodiment 3: On the basis of specific embodiment 1 or 2, please refer to a special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology in FIG. 9, the film net also includes a closed edge 3; the closed edge 3 and The fixed side 2 is detachably connected; during installation, the closed side 3 is in sealing contact with the mesh 1 to seal the gap; when disassembled, the closed side 3 is separated from the mesh 1 to open the gap. At night, close both ends of the gap, so that the air in the gap that has absorbed the heat during the day is enclosed, and becomes a heat source at night, supplementing heat to the tea tree canopy, so that the temperature difference in the tea tree canopy throughout the day will not be too large. .

Embodiment 4: On the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2 or 3, the color of the upper surface of the arc-shaped sheet 112 is white, and the color of the lower surface of the support sheet 111 is black.

Verification test:

Test materials: ordinary black sunshade net, nano-insulation film net

Test site: Shaoxing Yucha Village Tea Industry Co., Ltd. a tea base

Test time: late spring tea (end of April), summer tea (early July) and autumn tea (mid-August), the number of days covered for each test is 10 days.

Tested tea tree varieties and area: the test variety is Longjing 43#, the tree age is 14 years, and the area is 3 mu.

Test treatment: The test adopts a split-plot test with different shade nets and different shade times. Shading nets include: no shading (control), ordinary black shading nets, and nano-insulation film nets. The experiments were carried out in spring, summer and autumn tea respectively, at the end of April, early July and mid-August. Each treatment was repeated four times, and the covering method was a single layer directly covering the surface of the tea tree awning.

Test method: Determination of light intensity, temperature and air humidity of mulch on tea tree awning surface. Select sunny days at 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 to measure the shading net treatment of tea tree awning surface respectively. Changes in light intensity, temperature, etc.

Detection method: Li-6400 photosynthesis analyzer was used to measure the dynamic changes of parameters such as temperature changes of tea tree leaves under various mulching treatments; the picking standard was a sample of one bud and four leaves and new shoots, and the yield of each plot was calculated separately. Tea production and collection of samples.

Analysis and discussion of the results:

After applying different shading materials, the daily changes of light intensity, temperature and air humidity on the canopy surface of the tea tree. Similar rules: Compared with ordinary black nets, the heat insulation net has a better cooling effect, and the air temperature and blade temperature are about 2-5 degrees lower than those without shading or covering the ordinary black nets, and this difference It remains unchanged after 14:00 pm.

Since the middle gap of the mesh 1 of the heat insulation net is blocked after 18:00, the hot air still emits a certain amount of heat in the gap at night, so that the air temperature of the tea tree canopy surface covered by the heat insulation net and the temperature of the leaves at 8:00 in the morning are different from The temperature of the still-uncovered treatment or the black-net covered treatment is not much different.

With the irradiation of sunlight, the canopy air temperature and leaf temperature of each treatment showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The temperature increase of the canopy and leaves of the tea tree covered by the heat insulation net was the smallest.

Table 1. Differences of air temperature and leaf temperature on the canopy surface of tea trees after covering with different shading materials

The results in Fig. 10 show that the morning air humidity of the tea tree canopy surface covered by the insulating net is significantly higher than that of the ordinary black net covering and no covering treatment, and this trend continues throughout the day. The results in Fig. 11 show that, compared with no mulching, the light intensity of the canopy surface of the common black net after single-layer mulching is 17-24% of that of the no mulching treatment, while the light intensity of the tea tree canopy surface after the heat insulation net is covered is only 5.5 to 9% of the treatment is not covered. Therefore, it can be considered that the microclimate environment of the tea tree canopy surface after the heat insulation net is covered has been greatly changed compared with the ordinary black sunshade net and the non-covering treatment.

Claims (10)

1. A special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology, characterized in that: it comprises a plurality of mesh wires (1) arranged in parallel; ; The mesh (1) includes a plurality of arc-shaped sheets (112) arranged and distributed from the inside to the outer layer; ) are coated with a reflective film (1121) of uniform thickness; the thicknesses of the reflective films (1121) of different arc-shaped sheets (112) are different; all reflective films (1121) have at least one tangential direction and sunlight irradiation direction on the surface Vertical; the reflective film (1121) is made of a material that is a wave-dense medium relative to air, the wavelength of infrared rays in the reflective film (1121) is λ, and the thickness of the reflective film (1121) is 1/1 λ of 4; the arc-shaped pieces (112) of a single mesh wire (1) have gaps running through both sides of the mesh wire (1) to allow air to flow. 2. A special heat-insulating film net for keeping tea leaves active by nanotechnology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the arc-shaped sheet (112) comprises a heat-conducting film (1123); the heat-conducting film (1123) is a A uniform film layer made of thermally conductive metal; the thermally conductive film (1123) is in direct or indirect contact with the reflective film (1121) to exchange heat; the thermally conductive film (1123) is in direct contact with the gap to exchange heat. 3. A special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the curved sheet (112) is 1/2 cylindrical surface and/or 1/2 cylindrical surface spherical. 4 . The special heat insulating film net for keeping tea leaves active by nanotechnology according to claim 3 , wherein the curved sheet ( 112 ) comprises an elastic layer ( 1122 ); the elastic layer ( 1122 ) is composed of a Made of materials capable of deforming in any direction; the elastic layer (1122) is a 1/2 cylindrical surface under normal conditions; the outer surface of the elastic layer (1122) is fixedly connected to the reflective film (1121); the elastic layer (1122) is in the deformed state , the thickness of the reflective film (1121) is unchanged everywhere. 5. The special heat insulating film net for keeping tea leaves active by nanotechnology according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of arc-shaped sheets (112) are movably connected; The arc-shaped sheet (112) of the layer is always kept at the lower end surface level, and the axis of the arc-shaped sheet (112) is perpendicular to the sunlight irradiation direction, so that the sunlight always irradiates vertically on the surface of the arc-shaped sheet (112) located in the inner layer . 6. A special heat insulating film net for keeping tea leaves active by nanotechnology according to claim 5, characterized in that: the mesh wire (1) comprises a plurality of wire tubes arranged and distributed from the inside to the outer layer; a plurality of wire tubes Both include a support piece (111) and an arc-shaped piece (112); the support piece (111) is in the shape of an arc-shaped piece, and is fixedly connected end-to-end with the arc-shaped piece (112) to form a hollow inner cavity; the support piece (111) is formed by Made of rigid material; the wire tube in the inner layer is embedded in the hollow lumen of the adjacent outer layer of wire; the wire tubes distributed from the outside to the inside have the same structure and are proportionally reduced in size; the wire tubes in the inner layer are The outer end face of the supporting sheet (111) of the wire tube is in sliding contact with the inner end face of the supporting sheet (111) of the wire tube located on the outer layer; under normal conditions, the supporting sheets (111) of the wire tube are all coaxial, and the curved (112) are all coaxial. 7 . The special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology according to claim 1 , wherein the film net further comprises a fixed edge (2), and the fixed edge (2) is made of a tough material. 8 . ; Fixed connection between adjacent mesh wires (1), the mesh wire (1) located on the outermost side is fixedly connected with the fixed edge (2); the fixed edge (2) and the gap only have partial overlap or no coincide. 8 . The special heat insulating film net for maintaining the activity of tea leaves by nanotechnology according to claim 7 , wherein the film net further comprises a closed edge (3); the closed edge (3) and the fixed edge (2) ) can be detachably connected; during installation, the closed edge (3) is in sealing contact with the mesh (1) to seal the gap; during disassembly, the closed edge (3) is separated from the mesh (1) to open the gap. 9. A special heat insulating film net for keeping tea leaves active by nanotechnology according to claim 4, characterized in that: a plurality of mesh wires (1) are interwoven into a void-free net shape by a cross interweaving method; The arc-shaped pieces (112) of the oppositely directed meshes (1) between the oppositely directed meshes (1) are at least partially spherical. 10. A special heat insulating film net for keeping tea leaves active by nanotechnology according to claim 9, characterized in that: each mesh wire (1) is compressed by the corresponding internal gap of the anisotropic mesh wire (1). There is at least partial opening.

Images