CN114752389A - Preparation method and application of root secretion type modifier for surface soil substitute material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of root secretion type modifier for surface soil substitute material Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method and application of a root secretion type modifying agent for a surface soil substitute material, which solves the problems of poor micro-ecological environment and biological adaptability, high modifying difficulty and difficulty in obtaining a biomass material with an obvious modifying effect of the surface soil substitute material, and adopts the technical scheme that: selecting pioneer herbaceous plant species, selecting a water culture method or a soil culture method for culture in a nitrogen stress environment according to the water preference characteristic of herbaceous plants, and collecting plant root exudates as a surface soil substitute material root exudates type modifier. The application is as follows: dissolving the materials into a methanol solution according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1: 1-3, diluting the solution by 2000-3000 times with water, and uniformly spraying the diluted solution onto a surface soil substitute material, wherein the dosage of the diluted solution is 50L-100L/mu. The natural modifier has natural functions in optimizing and improving the micro-ecology of the surface soil substitute material and accelerating the curing process of the surface soil substitute material, and is an ideal natural modifier with comprehensive functions. Therefore, the method has good application prospect in the improvement of the surface soil substitute material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a preparation method and application of a root secretion type modifier for a surface soil substitute material, and the modifier is suitable for modifying the surface soil substitute material in a mine land reclamation process.
Background
At present, the phenomenon of serious shortage of surface soil exists in a land reclamation process in a mining area, the problem of insufficient surface soil is effectively relieved by a surface soil substitute material, but the problems of low nutrient content, low conversion and utilization efficiency and poor micro-ecological environment exist in different degrees of the surface soil substitute material, so that the biocompatibility is poor, and the improvement is needed. Generally, decomposed biomass materials such as cattle and sheep manure, chicken manure or straw, grass peat and the like are mainly applied to the improvement of the surface soil substitute material, the improvement is slow in aging, the improvement effect is single, and the regulation effect on soil micro-ecology is not obvious.
The plant root system releases various compounds, namely root secretion, to the periphery of the root in a secretion mode through a rhizosphere interface, and has strong rhizosphere effect, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil, microorganisms and animals are changed, and the water and nutrient absorption and growth and development of the plant are influenced finally. Plant root exudates are the most active form of the carbon flow in the soil at the plant-soil interface and have an important regulating effect on the plant rhizosphere microecology. The root exudates are not only considerable in quantity, but also very effective, and are a key factor for maintaining the vitality of the rhizosphere micro-ecosystem, and are also an important component of rhizosphere material circulation. Therefore, how to promote soil improvement by using plant root exudates still remains an urgent problem to be solved in the field of soil improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a surface soil substitute material root secretion type modifier, which solves the problems of poor micro-ecological environment and biological adaptability of a surface soil substitute material, high modification difficulty and difficulty in obtaining a biomass material with an obvious modification effect. The surface soil substitute material is improved by using the root exudates of the herbaceous plants, the micro-ecological environment of the surface soil substitute material is improved, and the available nutrients and the nutrient conversion rate are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil substitute material comprises the following steps:
selecting seeds of pioneer herbaceous plants, selecting a water culture method or a soil culture method for culture in a nitrogen stress environment according to the water preference characteristic of the herbaceous plants, collecting plant root exudates, and using the collected plant root exudates as a root exudates type modifier for surface soil replacement materials.
The water culture method in the nitrogen stress environment comprises the following steps: disinfecting seeds of herbaceous plants by using 0.9% of sodium hypochlorite or 3% of hydrogen peroxide, carrying out germination acceleration for 20-40 h at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, then placing the seeds subjected to germination acceleration in a water culture box for culture, containing distilled water in the water culture box, and continuously culturing for 50-70 d by replacing the distilled water with an improved Hoagland's nutrient solution when the plants enter a weaning period; the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is as follows: wherein the dosage of the calcium nitrate is 70-95 percent of the dosage of the original Hoagland's nutrient solution formula, and the calcium chloride is used for supplementing insufficient Ca 2+The Hoagland's nutrient solution of (1); the whole culture process is carried out in an artificial plant culture room, the temperature of the room temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature of the room temperature is 18-25 ℃ at night, the air humidity is kept at 40-60%, a light source uses a fluorescent lamp, and the illumination period is 14-10 h；
The soil culture method in the nitrogen stress environment comprises the following steps: disinfecting seeds of herbaceous plants by using 0.9% of sodium hypochlorite or 3% of hydrogen peroxide, carrying out pregermination for 20-40 h in an environment of 25-35 ℃, uniformly sowing the pregerminated seeds in a surface soil substitute material without any modifier, and culturing for 50-70 d; the whole culture process is carried out in an artificial plant culture room, the temperature of the room temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature of the room temperature is 18-25 ℃ at night, the air humidity is kept at 40% -60%, a daylight lamp is used as a light source, and the illumination period is 14h/10 h.
The method for collecting the plant root exudates comprises the following steps: washing the root system of the herbaceous plant cultured by the water culture method with distilled water, and putting the root system back to a clean water culture box filled with distilled water again, and continuously culturing for 24-72 h to obtain the herbaceous plant root secretion collecting liquid under the specific nitrogen stress environment; carefully taking out the herbaceous plant cultured by the soil culture method from the surface soil substitute material, reducing the damage to the herbaceous plant root system in the process, firstly cleaning the surface soil substitute material adhered to the root system by using tap water, then washing the surface of the root system by using distilled water, putting the cleaned root system into a clean water culture box filled with the distilled water, and continuously culturing for 24-72 h to obtain the herbaceous plant root system secretion collecting liquid under the specific nitrogen stress environment.
The seeds of pioneer herbaceous plants include: one or more of ryegrass, oat grass, rape and sweet clover varieties are mixed and matched.
The pioneer herbaceous plant seeds are mixed and matched with ryegrass, oat grass, rape and sweet clover varieties.
The pioneer herbaceous plant seeds are mixed and matched with ryegrass and oat grass.
The pioneer herbaceous plant seeds are mixed and matched with rape and sweet clover varieties.
The pioneer herbaceous plant seeds are mixed and matched with a ryegrass and sweet clover variety.
The ryegrass is perennial forage type ryegrass, the oat grass is jiayan No. 2 or dam 8, the rape is cabbage type rape, and the sweet clover is early-maturing biennial yellow sweet clover.
Further comprises the following concentration method steps: filtering the obtained root secretion collecting solution by using quantitative filter paper, evaporating moisture in the filtered root secretion collecting solution by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, washing residues on the inner wall of the vacuum rotary evaporator into an evaporating dish by using methanol, obtaining concentrated root secretion as a surface soil substitute material root secretion type modifier after the methanol is naturally volatilized, and storing the root secretion in a low-temperature environment of-20 ℃ to-30 ℃; the working temperature of the vacuum rotary evaporator is set to be 30-40 ℃.
The application method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil substitute material comprises the following steps: dissolving a root secretion type modifying agent for the surface soil substitute material into a methanol solution according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1: 1-3, diluting the solution by 2000-3000 times with water, and uniformly spraying the diluted solution onto the surface soil substitute material, wherein the dosage of the diluted solution is 50-100L/mu.
The use period of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil substitute material is as follows: the restoring plants planted in the surface soil substitute material grow until the plant height reaches 10 cm-20 cm and the vegetation coverage reaches 50% -70%.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention cultures plants by pioneer plant species used in land reclamation, collects root exudates, can improve the surface soil substitute material, has ideal improvement effects on improving the micro-ecological environment of the surface soil substitute material, improving available nutrients and nutrient conversion rate, and has comprehensive improvement effect.
2. The root secretion used by the invention is a specific root secretion of pioneer plants in a nitrogen stress environment, the quantity and the composition of the root secretion can generate specific change, and the root secretion is different from the root secretion in a normal environment, and has an especially obvious effect in the improvement of surface soil substitute materials.
3. The modifier prepared by the invention is different from artificially synthesized chemical components, and root exudates mediate the dialogue and interaction of plants, microorganisms and plants and soil, so that the specific root exudates modified surface soil substitute material has natural functions in optimizing, improving the micro-ecology of the surface soil substitute material and accelerating the curing process of the surface soil substitute material, and is an ideal natural modifier with comprehensive functions. Therefore, the method has good application prospect in the improvement of the surface soil substitute material.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a histogram of diversity analysis of colonies treated with the sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circular plot of a microbial community species relationship analysis using a sample of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2. Embodiment 1, a method for preparing a root exudate type modifier for a topsoil substitute material, the method comprising the steps of: firstly, selecting pioneer herbaceous plant seeds, selecting pioneer herbaceous plants used in mine land reclamation, and selecting a water culture method or a soil culture method in a nitrogen stress environment for seed disinfection and planting culture according to the water preference characteristic of the herbaceous plants of the selected varieties, wherein the herbaceous plants with water preference in growth habit are cultured in the nitrogen stress environment by the water culture method, and the herbaceous plants with water preference in growth habit are cultured in the nitrogen stress environment by the soil culture method; after the cultivation, collecting plant root exudates, and using the collected plant root exudates as a root exudates type modifier for the surface soil substitute material. The pioneer herbaceous plant seeds selected in the embodiment are ryegrass, oat grass, rape and sweet clover, and the varieties can be mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1. Wherein, the ryegrass and oat grass are water-loving herbaceous plants, and a water culture method can be adopted; rape and sweet clover are herbaceous plants which are not favored by water, and a soil culture method can be selected. The ryegrass can be perennial forage type ryegrass, the oat grass can be Jiayan No. 2 or Wei 8, the rape can be Chinese cabbage type rape, and the sweet clover can be early-maturing biennial yellow sweet clover.
As a further improvement, the water culture method in the nitrogen stress environment can adopt a specific water culture method in the nitrogen stress environment, and the specific method comprises the following steps: sterilizing the seeds of the herbaceous plants by using 0.9 percent of sodium hypochlorite or 3 percent of hydrogen peroxide, and placing the seeds in an environment with the temperature of 25-35 DEG CAccelerating germination for 20-40 h, then placing the seeds after accelerating germination in a water culture tank for culturing, wherein distilled water is contained in the water culture tank, and when the plants enter a weaning period, the distilled water is replaced by improved Hoagland nutrient solution for continuously culturing for 50-70 d; the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is as follows: wherein the dosage of the calcium nitrate is 70-95% of the dosage of the original Hoagland nutrient solution formula, and the calcium chloride is used for supplementing insufficient Ca2+The Hoagland's nutrient solution of (1); the whole culture process is carried out in an artificial plant culture room, the temperature of the room temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature of the room temperature is 18-25 ℃ at night, the air humidity is kept at 40% -60%, a daylight lamp is used as a light source, and the illumination period is 14-10 hours.
The soil culture method in the nitrogen stress environment can adopt a specific soil culture method in the nitrogen stress environment, and the specific method comprises the following steps: disinfecting seeds of herbaceous plants by using 0.9% of sodium hypochlorite or 3% of hydrogen peroxide, carrying out pregermination for 20-40 h in an environment of 25-35 ℃, uniformly sowing the pregerminated seeds in a surface soil substitute material without any modifier, and culturing for 50-70 d; the whole culture process is carried out in an artificial plant culture room, the temperature of the room temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature of the room temperature is 18-25 ℃ at night, the air humidity is kept at 40% -60%, a daylight lamp is used as a light source, and the illumination period is 14-10 hours.
As a further improvement, the method for collecting the plant root exudates can be as follows: washing the root system of the herbaceous plant cultured by the water culture method with distilled water, and putting the root system back to a clean water culture box filled with distilled water again, and continuously culturing for 24-72 h to obtain the herbaceous plant root secretion collecting liquid under the specific nitrogen stress environment; carefully taking out the herbaceous plant cultured by the soil culture method from the surface soil substitute material, reducing the damage to the herbaceous plant root system in the process, firstly cleaning the surface soil substitute material adhered to the root system by using tap water, then washing the surface of the root system by using distilled water, putting the cleaned root system into a clean water culture box filled with the distilled water, and continuously culturing for 24-72 h to obtain the herbaceous plant root system secretion collecting liquid under the specific nitrogen stress environment.
As a further improvement, the method also comprises the following step of further concentrating the herbaceous plant root secretion collecting liquid: filtering the obtained root secretion collecting solution by using quantitative filter paper, evaporating moisture in the filtered root secretion collecting solution by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, washing residues on the inner wall of the vacuum rotary evaporator into an evaporating dish by using methanol, obtaining concentrated root secretion as a surface soil substitute material root secretion type modifier after the methanol is naturally volatilized, and storing the root secretion in a low-temperature environment of-20 ℃ to-30 ℃; the working temperature of the vacuum rotary evaporator is set to be 30-40 ℃.
Example 2, on the basis of the preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material in example 1, the seed variety of the selected pioneer herbaceous plant is changed, ryegrass and oat grass are adopted and mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, the ryegrass can be perennial grass type ryegrass, the oat grass can be Yan No. 2 or Wei 8, the culture is carried out by a water culture method, and other preparation steps are not changed.
Example 3, on the basis of the preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material in example 1, the seed variety of the selected pioneer herbaceous plant is changed, two kinds of herbaceous plants which are not favorable for water, namely rape and sweet clover, are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, the rape can be Chinese cabbage type rape, and the sweet clover can be early-maturing biennial yellow sweet clover. The culture is carried out by a water culture method, and other preparation steps are not changed.
Example 4, on the basis of the preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material in example 1, the seed variety of the selected pioneer herbaceous plant is changed, two herbaceous plants of ryegrass and sweet clover are adopted and mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, the ryegrass can be a perennial forage type ryegrass variety, the sweet clover can be a premature two-year yellow sweet clover, the two-year yellow sweet clover is cultured by a water culture method and an earth culture method respectively according to growth habits, and other preparation steps are not changed.
Example 5, on the basis of the preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material in example 1, the seed variety of the selected pioneer herbaceous plant is changed, sweet clover is selected, the early-maturing biennial sweet clover can be adopted for the sweet clover, the sweet clover is cultured by adopting an earth culture method, and other preparation steps are not changed. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil substitute material can select seeds of pioneer herbaceous plants, and can adopt one or a mixture of several of ryegrass, oat grass, rape and sweet clover varieties.
Example 6, an application of the root exudate type modifier for the surface soil replacement material adopts an application method that: the concentrated modifying agent prepared in the example 1 is dissolved in methanol solution according to the mass volume ratio of 1: 1-3, and then is diluted by water by 2000-3000 times and uniformly sprayed on the surface soil substitute material, wherein the using amount of the modified surface soil substitute material is 50L-100L/mu after dilution, so that the modified surface soil substitute material is obtained. The modifier prepared by any one of the methods in examples 2 to 5 can also be used for modifying the surface soil substitute material by the application method.
As a further improvement, the optimal use time of the root secretion type modifier of the surface soil substitute material is as follows: and the vegetation coverage reaches 50% -70% during the period that the plant height of the restoration plants planted in the surface soil substitute material reaches 10-20 cm.
The modifier-modified topsoil substitute materials prepared in example 1 of the present invention were variously tested and treated as sample T1, and the modifier-modified topsoil substitute materials prepared in examples 2 to 5 were tested as sample T2 to T5, respectively.
The nutrient content comparison test results are shown in the following table 1:
| treatment of | Ammonium nitrogen mg/kg | Nitrate nitrogen mg/kg | Quick-acting phosphorus mg/kg | Quick-acting potassium mg/kg |
| T1 | 0.98±0.16 | 14.47±1.31 | 31.58±1.25 | 452.12±5.98 |
| T2 | 0.72±0.16 | 12.87±1.35 | 28.58±1.35 | 434.23±5.98 |
| T3 | 0.76±0.06 | 12.12±0.72 | 29.66±1.62 | 422.65±9.58 |
| T4 | 0.86±0.10 | 14.28±0.94 | 27.16±1.43 | 429.64±8.25 |
| T5 | 0.75±0.23 | 13.54±0.45 | 26.34±1.12 | 438.45±3.23 |
Test results show that the content of available nutrients (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) in each sample treatment is increased, and particularly the content of the available nutrients (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) in the sample treatment T1 is obviously higher than that in other treatments, which shows that the effect of improving the available nutrients in soil is obvious after the four plant root exudates are mixed.
The results of comparative measurements of nitrogen conversion are shown in table 2 below:
| treatment of | Net rate of ammoniation | Net nitrification rate | Net conversion of nitrogen |
| T1 | -0.25±0.01 | 1.25±0.02 | 3.58±0.25 |
| T2 | -0.65±0.01 | 0.93±0.02 | 3.05±0.23 |
| T3 | -0.55±0.02 | 0.93±0.01 | 2.75±0.16 |
| T4 | -0.85±0.01 | 0.95±0.05 | 2.88±0.28 |
| T4 | -0.25±0.01 | 1.25±0.02 | 3.58±0.25 |
Test results show that the loss and consumption of ammonium nitrogen, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and the nitrogen net conversion rate can be influenced by treating each sample. Particularly, the invention using T1 can reduce the loss and consumption of ammonium nitrogen, accelerate the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and improve the net conversion rate of nitrogen.
The secretion characteristics of the root secretion of different plants are different, and the improvement effect of different root secretion components on the surface soil substitute material is different. This example shows that the combination of the root exudates of ryegrass, oat grass, rape and sweet clover has the best improvement effect on the fast-acting nutrients of the surface soil substitute material. The effect of the surface soil substitute material improved by the application method of the surface soil substitute material root secretion type modifier is compared with the effect of the surface soil substitute material improvement of chicken manure and straws, and then various detections are carried out. Wherein: the modifier improved surface soil substitute material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is used as a sample treatment T1, chicken manure with the dosage of 150kg per mu is adopted, and the improved surface soil substitute material is used as a sample treatment T6; straw is adopted, the using amount is 0.5T/mu, and the improved surface soil substitute material is used as a sample for processing T7.
The results of the three sample treatments are as follows:
1. alpha diversity analysis
Indexes such as ace, chao, shannon, simpson and the like are respectively calculated, and the calculation results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Alpha diversity index calculation results
| Treatment of | ace | chao | shannon | simpson |
| T1 | 1393.814 | 1390.864 | 4.964 | 0.098 |
| T6 | 1308.95 | 1305.103 | 4.650 | 0.057 |
| T7 | 1470.288 | 1471.41 | 3.777 | 0.218 |
From the aspect of microbial diversity, the diversity index of the T1 treatment is the highest, and the diversity index of the treatment of the improved topsoil substitute material microbial species by using the invention is higher than that of the treatments of T6 and T7.
2. The microbial community composition and the relation between the microbial community composition and species are analyzed, as shown in fig. 1, the histogram of the microbial community composition abundance analysis of three samples is shown, and the sample T1 has the highest abundance of other microorganisms of the epiphyte substitute material improved by the invention, and then is Arthrobacter (Arthrobacter), Sphingomonas (Sphingomonas) and Rhodococcus (Rubellimicobium). T6 Chicken manure modified treatment Pseudomonas is the most abundant, Pseudomonas is a common genus of pathogenic bacteria, and the low abundance of the microorganisms is beneficial to reduce plant diseases.
As shown in fig. 2, a circular diagram of the microbial community species relationship analysis of the three samples shows that, based on the species relationship analysis, the proportion of actinomycetes (Actinobacteria) is the highest, and gamma-proteobacteria (gamma proteobacteria) is the second, and gamma-proteobacteria (gamma proteobacteria) is mainly azotobacter, and among the three sample treatments, the microorganism of T1 in the present invention is significantly higher than that in the other treatments.
3. Content of nutrients
The treatment nutrient content of the three samples was measured and the results are shown in table 2 below:
| treatment of | Ammonium nitrogen mg/kg | Nitrate nitrogen mg/kg | Quick-acting phosphorus mg/kg | Quick-acting potassium mg/kg |
| T1 | 0.98±0.16 | 14.47±1.31 | 31.58±1.25 | 452.12±5.98 |
| T6 | 0.84±0.06 | 12.92±0.72 | 24.36±1.12 | 412.58±9.58 |
| T7 | 0.78±0.10 | 13.28±0.84 | 25.16±1.25 | 423.25±8.25 |
Test results show that the content of available nutrients (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) of the surface soil substitute material improved by the method of T1 is obviously higher than that of straw returning of T7 and chicken manure improvement treatment of T6, which shows that the method of the invention has obvious effect on improving the available nutrients of soil.
4. Conversion of nitrogen
The nitrogen conversion was measured for three sample treatments and the results are shown in table 3 below:
| treatment of | Net rate of ammoniation | Net nitrification rate | Net conversion of nitrogen |
| T1 | -0.25±0.01 | 1.25±0.02 | 3.58±0.25 |
| T6 | -0.85±0.02 | 0.85±0.01 | 2.15±0.18 |
| T7 | -0.95±0.01 | 0.95±0.05 | 2.38±0.21 |
The test result shows that the invention using T1 can reduce the loss and consumption of ammonium nitrogen, accelerate the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and improve the net conversion rate of nitrogen.
The invention summarizes and finds that the root exudates secreted by herbaceous plants in a certain degree of nitrogen stress environment have excellent application effect on improving the surface soil substitute material on the basis of summarizing a large number of test results, and is particularly an ideal natural modifier with comprehensive functions on the aspects of improving the micro-ecological environment of the surface soil substitute material and increasing the available nutrients and the nutrient conversion rate.
In conclusion, the object of the present invention is achieved.
Claims (12)
1. A preparation method of a root secretion type modifier for a surface soil substitute material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting seeds of pioneer herbaceous plants, selecting a water culture method or a soil culture method for culturing in a nitrogen stress environment according to the water preference characteristic of the herbaceous plants, collecting plant root exudates, and taking the collected plant root exudates as a surface soil substitute material root exudates type modifier.
2. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water culture method in the nitrogen stress environment is: disinfecting seeds of herbaceous plants by using 0.9% of sodium hypochlorite or 3% of hydrogen peroxide, carrying out germination acceleration for 20-40 h at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, then placing the seeds subjected to germination acceleration in a water culture box for culturing, wherein distilled water is filled in the water culture box, and when the plants enter a weaning period, replacing the distilled water with an improved Hoagland's nutrient solution for continuously culturing for 50-70 d; the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is as follows: wherein the dosage of the calcium nitrate is 70-95% of the dosage of the original Hoagland nutrient solution formula, and the calcium chloride is used for supplementing insufficient Ca2+The Hoagland's nutrient solution of (1); the whole culture process is carried out in an artificial plant culture room, the daytime room temperature is 25-30 ℃, the nighttime room temperature is 18-25 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 40-60%, a light source uses a fluorescent lamp, and the illumination period is 14-10 hours;
The soil culture method in the nitrogen stress environment comprises the following steps: disinfecting seeds of herbaceous plants by using 0.9% of sodium hypochlorite or 3% of hydrogen peroxide, carrying out germination acceleration for 20-40 h at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, uniformly sowing the seeds subjected to germination acceleration in a surface soil substitute material without any modifier, and culturing for 50-70 d; the whole culture process is carried out in an artificial plant culture room, the daytime room temperature is 25-30 ℃, the nighttime room temperature is 18-25 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 40-60%, a light source is a fluorescent lamp, and the illumination period is 14h/10 h.
3. The preparation method of the root exudate type modifier for the topsoil substitute material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method for collecting the plant root exudates comprises the following steps: washing the root system of the herbaceous plant cultured by the water culture method with distilled water, and putting the root system back to a clean water culture box filled with distilled water again, and continuously culturing for 24-72 h to obtain the herbaceous plant root secretion collecting liquid under the specific nitrogen stress environment; the herbaceous plant cultured by the soil culture method is carefully taken out of the surface soil substitute material, damage to the herbaceous plant root system is reduced in the process, the surface soil substitute material adhered to the root system is washed away by tap water, then the surface of the root system is washed by distilled water, the root system is placed into a clean water culture box filled with distilled water after being washed clean, and the herbaceous plant root system secretion collecting liquid under the specific nitrogen stress environment is obtained after continuous culture for 24-72 hours.
4. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seeds of pioneer herbaceous plants include: one or more of ryegrass, oat grass, rape and sweet clover varieties are mixed and matched.
5. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material, which is disclosed by claim 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the seeds of the pioneer herbaceous plant are mixed and matched with the varieties of ryegrass, oat grass, rape and sweet clover.
6. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material, which is disclosed by claim 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the seeds of the pioneer herbaceous plants are mixed and matched by ryegrass and oat grass, the ryegrass is perennial grass type ryegrass, and the oat grass type ryegrass is jiayan No. 2 or dam 8.
7. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil substitute material as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the seeds of the pioneer herbaceous plant are mixed and matched with varieties of rape and sweet clover, the rape is cabbage type rape, and the sweet clover is early-maturing biennial sweet clover.
8. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil substitute material as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the seeds of the pioneer herbaceous plant are mixed and matched with a perennial forage type ryegrass variety, and the sweet clover is early-maturing biennial yellow sweet clover.
9. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material as claimed in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: the ryegrass is perennial forage type ryegrass, the oat grass is jiayan No. 2 or dam 8, the rape is cabbage type rape, and the sweet clover is early-maturing biennial yellow sweet clover.
10. The preparation method of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material, which is disclosed by claim 3, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: further comprising a step of concentration: filtering the obtained root secretion collecting solution by using quantitative filter paper, evaporating moisture in the filtered root secretion collecting solution by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, washing residues on the inner wall of the vacuum rotary evaporator into an evaporating dish by using methanol, obtaining concentrated root secretion as a surface soil substitute material root secretion type modifier after the methanol is naturally volatilized, and storing the root secretion in a low-temperature environment of-20 ℃ to-30 ℃; the working temperature of the vacuum rotary evaporator is set to be 30-40 ℃.
11. The application of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material as claimed in claim 10, wherein the root secretion type modifier comprises the following components in percentage by weight: dissolving a root secretion type modifying agent for the surface soil substitute material into a methanol solution according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1: 1-3, diluting the solution by 2000-3000 times with water, and uniformly spraying the diluted solution onto the surface soil substitute material, wherein the dosage of the diluted solution is 50-100L/mu.
12. The application of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil replacement material as claimed in claim 11, wherein the root secretion type modifier comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the use period of the root secretion type modifier for the surface soil substitute material is as follows: the restoring plants planted in the surface soil substitute material grow until the plant height reaches 10 cm-20 cm and the vegetation coverage reaches 50% -70%.
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| CN107980058A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2018-05-01 | 塔克森生物科学公司 | Plant growth promotes microorganism, composition and purposes |
| CN107552550A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-09 | 沈阳大学 | A kind of method that cadmium, lead-contaminated soil are repaired using root exudates fortification of plants |
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