CN111480414A

CN111480414A - Method for improving germination probability of pepper seeds and seedling culture medium

Info

Publication number: CN111480414A
Application number: CN202010322318.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵长勇; 张丽丽; 唐欣; 李艳; 梁凤臣; 张晓明; 张烨; 梁超; 邵龙; 邵希言; 邹本福; 杨万平; 孟祥峰; 王芳; 牛玺翔; 刘明岭
Original assignee: Shandong Harvesting And Cultivating Seeds Research Institute; Shandong Xiannong Seed Research Center; Shandong Seed Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Harvesting And Cultivating Seeds Research Institute; Shandong Xiannong Seed Research Center; Shandong Seed Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-22
Filing date: 2020-04-22
Publication date: 2020-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-22
Also published as: CN111480414B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds and a seedling culture substrate. The pepper is a crop with higher economic value, but pepper seeds are not storable, and the germination probability of the seeds is gradually reduced along with the prolonging of the storage time, so that the yield is influenced. The invention provides a method for improving the germination probability of old pepper seeds, which aims at the technical problems, and adopts the cold plasma technology to carry out non-ionizing radiation treatment on old pepper seeds to obtain pepper seeds with improved activity, and adopts a seedling culture medium added with garlic straw powder to sow the pepper seeds after low-temperature pretreatment, so that the germination probability of the pepper seeds can be obviously improved, and the disease probability of the pepper can be obviously reduced by matching with the sterilization effect of the garlic straws, and the effect is good.

Description

Method for improving germination probability of pepper seeds and seedling culture medium

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for improving the germination probability of old pepper seeds and a seedling raising substrate suitable for the method.

Background

The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

The pepper is a vegetable which is favored by people in China, the planting area of the Chinese pepper is the first in the world, the annual output accounts for more than 50% of the total world output, and the Chinese pepper is the first in the world. At present, the planting scale of the annual planting area of the peppers in the vegetable crops in China is only second to that of the Chinese cabbages, but the yield and the benefit are higher than those of the Chinese cabbages and are the first vegetable crops.

In recent years, the breeding and introduction of pepper varieties are increased year by year, the variety competition pressure is high, the inventory pressure is also increased infinitely, less inventory is stored and not sold enough, more inventory is stored and not sold enough, a large number of inventory seeds are cracked and lose activity every year, and meanwhile, new seeds are accumulated again. The pepper seeds belong to the species with poor storage resistance, and are stored in the south at high temperature and high humidity for at most one year at normal temperature, and in the north for 2-3 years generally; the pepper seeds can be stored for 7-8 years at low temperature (such as 3-5 ℃), dry and invisible conditions. With the increase of the storage life, the germination potential and the germination rate of the pepper seeds are reduced, because the toxic substances are continuously accumulated and the nutrient substances are lost during the respiratory metabolism of the pepper seeds in the storage process, the activity of the pepper seeds is gradually reduced until the toxic substances are completely eliminated, and the germination rate of the pepper seeds is gradually reduced in the process. Although the old seeds can emerge, the germination potential is low, the seed vigor is reduced, and the seedlings after emergence are uneven and even have no true leaves and are not easy to survive.

The plasma is a fourth state of matter, a higher energy state of matter aggregation, and contains a large number of excited molecules, atoms, radical electrons, and other active particles. The plasma is mainly used for chemical smelting, spraying, welding and the like; in recent years, plasma-treated seeds are applied to breeding, sterilization and the like, and active particles existing in a large amount in plasma can act on plants to cause changes of certain properties of crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The inventor finds that the method and the process for treating old pepper seeds by using cold plasma at present improve the germination rate. The invention aims to provide a method capable of obviously improving the germination rate of old pepper seeds, wherein the cold plasma technology is used for treating the old pepper seeds to obtain the pepper seeds with improved activity indexes, and the defects of low activity indexes, weak germination vigor, uneven growth vigor and the like caused by seed fission in the conventional old pepper seed seedling culture are overcome through low-temperature pretreatment and seedling culture substrate adjustment; according to the method and the process operation provided by the invention, the germination rate of the cultivated pepper seedlings is improved, the seedlings are uniform, the resistance is good, the survival rate is improved, waste is changed into valuable, and the method has good popularization significance for avoiding the waste of the dealers.

Aiming at the technical effects, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for increasing germination probability of pepper seeds, comprising the steps of: the seeds are treated by adopting cold plasma, the seeds are sowed within a plurality of days after treatment, the seeds are treated at low temperature before sowing, and the sowing adopts a seedling raising substrate added with garlic and/or straw components.

The cold plasma treatment technology is an effective means for promoting the obvious yield increase of crops, can excite the activity of various physiological and biochemical substances in seeds, and improves the germination potential of the seeds and the stress resistance of the crops. The research of the invention finds that the cold plasma treatment under certain parameters can obviously improve the activity of the seeds, and the seeds with improved activity break the dormancy of the pepper seeds through low-temperature pretreatment, so that the germination rate and the planting probability of the old pepper seeds can be obviously improved.

In addition, the invention also finds that the treated pepper seeds are placed in the seedling substrate containing the garlic straw powder, the sterilization effect of the garlic straw and the non-ionizing radiation effect of the cold plasma also have a synergistic effect, and based on the technical effect, the invention also provides a seedling substrate for improving the germination probability of the pepper seeds in the second aspect, wherein the seedling substrate comprises the following components: grass carbon, vermiculite, perlite and garlic straw powder.

The beneficial effects of one or more technical schemes are as follows:

1. the treatment method is simple, convenient, environment-friendly, green and pollution-free, and can not cause adverse effects on the operation environment and the planting soil.

2. At present, relevant researches show that the cold plasma treatment can improve the planting activity of plant seeds, and the garlic straws have a sterilization effect on the plants and belong to common additive components. However, the research of the invention aiming at promoting germination of old pepper seeds shows that the cold plasma treatment and the cultivation of the pepper seeds by applying the garlic straws have a synergistic effect and an obvious improvement effect.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for increasing the germination probability of pepper seeds according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

As introduced in the background art, aiming at the technical problems that pepper seeds are not stored endurably and the vitality is gradually reduced in the storage process in the prior art, the invention provides a seedling raising method capable of improving the germination probability of old pepper seeds and reducing the morbidity.

Preferably, the pepper seeds have a germination rate of 50-79%.

Preferably, the cold plasma processing power is 20-200W.

More preferably, the power is 60-100W; furthermore, the power is 60-70W.

Preferably, the cold plasma treatment time is 8-20 seconds.

More preferably, the treatment time is 12 to 16 seconds.

Preferably, the seeding treatment is carried out within 2-10 days after the cold plasma treatment.

Further preferably, the seeding treatment is carried out within 2-6 days after the treatment.

Preferably, the low-temperature treatment time before sowing is 40-60 h.

Further preferably, the low-temperature treatment time is 36-40 h.

Preferably, the low temperature is 4-8 ℃.

Further preferably, the low temperature is 4-6 ℃.

Preferably, the low temperature treatment is carried out by placing the seeds in a moist substrate, such as a germinating bed.

Preferably, the seedling substrate comprises the following components: grass carbon, vermiculite, perlite and garlic straw powder.

In a second aspect of the invention, a seedling substrate for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds is provided, and the seedling substrate comprises the following components: grass carbon, vermiculite, perlite and garlic straw powder.

Preferably, the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of turf, 1.5-2.5 parts of vermiculite, 0.5-1.5 parts of perlite and 0.1-0.5 part of garlic straw powder.

More preferably, the weight part of the turf is 3-4 parts.

More preferably, the weight part of the vermiculite is 1.8-2.2 parts.

More preferably, the perlite is 0.8-1.2 parts.

Further preferably, the garlic straw powder accounts for 0.2-0.4 part.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

The red pepper is a medium-early-maturing dry pepper processing type pepper, and the registration number is as follows: GPD pepper (2018)370872, publicly available from shandong province seeds limited.

The hawk is a single-born morning pepper, and the registration number is as follows: GPD pepper (2017)370126, publicly available from shandong province seeds limited.

Shenzhou red is a medium-early-maturing fresh-eating and processing dual-purpose hot pepper, and the registration number is as follows: GPD pepper (2018)370910, publicly available from shandong province seeds limited.

Hongfu is a medium-early-maturing processed pepper, registration number: GPD pepper (2018)370871, publicly available from shandong province seeds limited.

Pagoda is a fresh and processing dual-purpose hot pepper, and the registration number is as follows: GPD pepper (2018)371306, publicly available from shandong province seeds limited.

The Funong is a long pepper which is used as both fresh food and processing, and the registration number is as follows: GPD pepper (2018)371308, publicly available from shandong province seeds limited.

Jinnong is a long pepper which is used as both fresh food and processing, and the registration number is as follows: GPD pepper (2018)370873, publicly available from shandong province seeds limited.

Example 1

(1) Selecting stored Hongxing, Hongying, Shenzhou red, Hongfu, pagoda, Funong and Jinnong old pepper seeds as experimental materials.

(2) Placing the pepper seeds into cold plasma seed treatment equipment, and carrying out non-ionizing radiation treatment on the pepper seeds for 8-20 seconds under the treatment power of 0-200W.

(3) And putting the treated pepper seeds into a low-temperature dry warehouse for seedling cultivation.

(4) And (5) sowing the treated pepper seeds into a seedling raising tray.

Compared with the same corresponding batch of pepper seeds selected in the step 1 without any treatment, the old pepper seeds treated by the cold plasma have the advantages that the emergence of seedlings is fast and regular, the proportion of healthy seedlings is increased, and the planting survival rate is increased. The effect of cold plasma treatment on aged pepper seeds is shown in table 1:

table 1: old pepper seed seedling raising condition under different power treatment conditions of cold plasma

As can be seen from the table 1, the cold plasma treatment has a promoting effect on the germination potential bacteria of the old pepper seeds within the power range of 15-125W; when the power is within the range of 15-65W, the emergence rate, the normal seedling number and the planting survival rate of the old pepper seeds at the 7 th day can keep higher growth levels, wherein when the processing power is 65W, the processing time is 14 seconds, and the processing effect is optimal; compared with the control, the emergence rate of the seedlings at the 7 th day is improved by 9.05-14.56%, and the rate of the normal seedlings at the 35 th day is improved by 7.21-10.32%. Table 1 shows that pepper seedlings with fast growth and increased normal seedling ratio can be obtained by cold plasma treatment.

Example 2

The treatment steps (1), (3) and (4) are the same as the example 1, and the step (2) uses the treatment power of 65W and the treatment time of 14 seconds to treat the pepper seeds; the difference lies in that the storage years of the treated pepper seeds are different, namely the germination rates are different, and the influence of the cold plasma treatment on the emergence of the pepper seeds with different germination rates is shown in table 2:

table 2: influence of cold plasma treatment on emergence of pepper seeds with different germination rates

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the same batch of pepper seeds selected in step 1 without any treatment, the pepper seeds with different storage years after being treated by the cold plasma have different emergence rates in 7 days, wherein the emergence rate is most obvious when being 50-79%, and the emergence rate is increased by 20.96-24.18%; the proportion of normal seedlings improved on the 35 th day shows that the cold plasma treatment has no significant influence on newly harvested seeds and the seedlings with the germination rate of less than 49% after fission, and has the most significant influence on pepper seeds with the germination rate of 50-79%; the cold plasma treated pepper seeds are preferably old seeds having a germination rate in the range of 50-79%.

Example 3

The treatment methods (1), (3) and (4) are the same as the example 1, and the step (2) is to treat the old pepper seeds with the treatment power of 65W for 14 seconds; the difference lies in that the time for sowing the treated pepper seeds into the seedling-raising tray is different, and the influence of the sowing time on the emergence of the cold plasma treated old pepper seeds is shown in table 3:

table 3: influence of different sowing time on seedling emergence after cold plasma treatment

Note: the difference "a, b and c" in the column indicates that the cold plasma treatment of the old pepper seeds has a significant difference in emergence conditions at different sowing times.

As can be seen from table 3, the pepper seeds treated by the cold plasma can maintain germination viability for a long period of time, and the seeds can still maintain a high germination probability until about day 10. Compared with a control, the ratio of the improvement of the emergence rate on the 7 th day is not different from the ratio of the emergence rate on the 0-3 th day, the emergence rate on the 7 th day is different from the ratio of the emergence rate on the 0-3 th day but is not obvious after the sowing on the 4 th day, and the ratio of the improvement of the germination is 10.26-16.98% after the sowing on the 0-3 th day after the treatment for 10 days. Compared with a control, the rate of emergence on the 35 th day is improved by 13.02-20.32% when the seeds are sowed 0-4 days after the cold plasma treatment, the seeds are sowed 0-4 days after the treatment, the seeds are different but not obvious on the 5 th day, and the rate of the normal seedlings is higher than that of the same batch of capsicum seeds which are not treated 10 days after the treatment, and the seeds are sowed 0-4 days after the treatment to form obvious difference. In order to obtain the best planting effect, the old pepper seeds treated by the cold plasma are adopted, and the seeding effect is the best within 0-4 days after the treatment.

Example 4

The treatment methods (1), (3) and (4) are the same as the example 1, and the step (2) is to treat the old pepper seeds with the treatment power of 65W for 14 seconds; the difference is that the treated old pepper seeds are placed on a wet germination bed at the temperature of 5 ℃ for 24-72 hours for pre-freezing treatment and then are sowed into a seedling tray; old pepper seeds which are processed in the same batch are directly sown into a seedling raising plate without freezing pretreatment to be used as a contrast. The influence of the pre-freezing treatment on the seedling raising of the old pepper seeds treated by the cold plasma is shown in table 4:

table 4: influence of pre-freezing treatment time on old pepper seed seedling culture processed by cold plasma

As can be seen from Table 4, the pre-freezing treatment has a promoting effect on the seedling raising of the old pepper seeds treated by the cold plasmas, and compared with a control, the pre-freezing treatment for 48 hours improves the rate of emergence on the 7 th day by 10.32-14.79% and improves the rate of normal seedlings on the 35 th day by 4.23-6.53%. And (3) placing the old pepper seeds after the cold plasma treatment on a wet germination bed at 5 ℃ for 48 hours for pretreatment, and then sowing the old pepper seeds into a seedling tray to obtain a higher proportion of healthy pepper seedlings.

Example 5

The treatment methods (1), (3) and (4) are the same as the example 1, the step (2) uses the treatment power of 65W and the treatment time of 14 seconds to treat the old pepper seeds to obtain the pepper seeds with improved vitality as an experimental group, the seeds which are not treated by the cold plasma are used as a control group, and the control group and the experimental group are respectively treated by different seedling raising substrates.

Seedling raising substrate 1: 3 parts of imported turf, 2 parts of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite, and mixing the compound fertilizer into a matrix after dissolving in water;

seedling raising substrate 2: 3 parts of imported turf, 2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of perlite and 0.3 part of garlic straw powder, and the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water and then mixed into a matrix. Adding water into the matrix until the matrix is held by hands to form a ball, and slightly pressing the fingers to break the ball.

The seedling conditions of the old pepper seeds after the cold plasma treatment on different substrates are shown in table 5:

table 5: the old pepper seeds after the cold plasma treatment grow seedlings in different substrates

According to the determination, the garlic straw has the effects of sterilization, disinfection, disease prevention and the like, and as can be seen from the table 5, the garlic straw powder is used as the old pepper seed matrix additive, so that the occurrence ratio of damping off and damping off can be reduced, and the planting survival rate can be improved. And the seeds after the cold plasma treatment are placed in the seedling culture substrate containing garlic straw components, so that the disease probability of pepper plants is further reduced, compared with pepper seeds which are not subjected to the cold plasma treatment, the disease probability is improved by about 4-5 times, and the effect is obvious.

Through the steps, the germination number of the old pepper seeds in the seventh day is increased, pepper seedlings with improved vitality, regular growth and improved survival rate are obtained, and the expected target is met.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: the seeds are treated by adopting cold plasma, the seeds are sowed within a plurality of days after treatment, the seeds are treated at low temperature before sowing, and the sowing adopts a seedling raising substrate added with garlic and/or straw components.

2. The method for increasing germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pepper seeds preferably have a germination rate of 50-79%.

3. The method for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold plasma treatment power is 20-200W; preferably, the power is 60-100W; furthermore, the power is 60-70W.

4. The method for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold plasma treatment time is 8-20 seconds; preferably, the treatment time is 12-16 seconds.

5. The method for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding treatment is performed within 2-10 days after the cold plasma treatment; preferably, the seeding treatment is carried out within 2-6 days after the treatment.

6. The method for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low-temperature treatment time before sowing is 40-60 h; preferably, the low-temperature treatment time is 36-40 h.

7. The method for improving germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low temperature is 4-8 ℃; preferably, the low temperature is 4-6 ℃.

8. The method for increasing germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low temperature treatment is performed by placing the seeds in a humid medium, such as a germination bed.

9. The method for increasing germination probability of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components: grass carbon, vermiculite, perlite and garlic straw powder.

10. A seedling substrate for improving the germination probability of pepper seeds is characterized by comprising the following components: grass carbon, vermiculite, perlite and garlic straw powder;

preferably, the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of turf, 1.5-2.5 parts of vermiculite, 0.5-1.5 parts of perlite and 0.1-0.5 part of garlic straw powder;

further preferably, the grass carbon accounts for 3-4 parts by weight;

more preferably, the weight part of the vermiculite is 1.8-2.2 parts;

further preferably, the perlite is 0.8-1.2 parts;

further preferably, the garlic straw powder accounts for 0.2-0.4 part.