CN114748862A - Active dynamic performance testing system for low-oxygen tolerance capability - Google Patents

Active dynamic performance testing system for low-oxygen tolerance capability Download PDF

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CN114748862A
CN114748862A CN202210314127.5A CN202210314127A CN114748862A CN 114748862 A CN114748862 A CN 114748862A CN 202210314127 A CN202210314127 A CN 202210314127A CN 114748862 A CN114748862 A CN 114748862A
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CN114748862B (en
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史大威
刘钟泽
刘一村
卢一
王军政
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
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    • A63B2213/005—Exercising combined with therapy with respiratory gas delivering means, e.g. O2
    • A63B2213/006—Exercising combined with therapy with respiratory gas delivering means, e.g. O2 under hypoxy conditions, i.e. oxygen supply subnormal
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    • A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
    • A63B2230/04—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
    • A63B2230/20—Measuring physiological parameters of the user blood composition characteristics
    • A63B2230/207—P-O2, i.e. partial O2 value

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Abstract

The invention discloses an active dynamic performance testing system for hypoxia tolerance, wherein a gas generating unit is communicated with a hypoxia gas circuit unit and an electromagnetic valve through a first pressure reducing valve, the hypoxia gas circuit unit is communicated with a second pressure reducing valve through the electromagnetic valve, the second pressure reducing valve is communicated with a breathing mask, a blood pressure sensor and a blood oxygen sensor of a physiological detection unit are both connected with a digital integrated calculation and control unit, a first flow sensor is arranged between the hypoxia gas circuit unit and the electromagnetic valve, and a second flow sensor is arranged between the second pressure reducing valve and the breathing mask. The active testing system for the dynamic performance of the low-oxygen tolerance capability adopts the structure, uses incremental PID control, adopts gas flow as control quantity, adjusts the flow proportion of the low-oxygen gas path and the air gas path, and realizes the control of the oxygen content of output gas.

Description

Active dynamic performance testing system for low-oxygen tolerance capability
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a low-oxygen control system, in particular to a dynamic performance active test system for low-oxygen tolerance capacity.
Background
The average altitude of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is more than 4000 meters, the altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is high, the air is thin, the oxygen content is insufficient, the plateau reaction is easy to occur to external rescuers, and the daily work of the rescuers is seriously hindered.
The hypoxia system is used for simulating a plateau environment characterized by hypoxia, and can increase the concentration of hemoglobin and the oxygen carrying capacity by stimulating the kidney of a trainee to release erythropoietin, thereby improving the utilization rate of human tissues to oxygen and the lactic acid resistance. The hypoxia system is used for simulating the hypoxia environment to train in plain areas, so that the tolerance degree of a human body to the hypoxia environment can be effectively improved, hypoxia stimulation can be used as an efficient exercise method, and hypoxia has certain curative effects on common diseases such as hypertension, asthma, coronary heart disease, lung diseases and the like.
The existing training evaluation system of the artificial hypoxia environment is basically open loop, and a complete physiological detection device is not used as auxiliary feedback, so that the real-time state of a cardio-pulmonary system of a trainer cannot be comprehensively disclosed, a unified training system is more difficult to establish, and whether the trainer meets the requirement of plateau operation is difficult to distinguish. On the other hand, the current control system is large in size, not easy to carry, complex in control process, low in accuracy, free of environmental universality and limited in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic performance active test system for low-oxygen tolerance, which uses incremental PID control, adopts gas flow as control quantity, adjusts the flow ratio of a low-oxygen gas circuit and an air gas circuit, and realizes the control of the oxygen content of output gas.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides an active testing system for dynamic performance of hypoxia tolerance, which comprises an environment monitoring unit, a gas generating unit, a hypoxia gas circuit unit, an electromagnetic valve, a digital integrated calculating and controlling unit, a breathing mask and a physiological detecting unit, wherein the gas generating unit is communicated with the hypoxia gas circuit unit and the electromagnetic valve through a first pressure reducing valve;
the environment monitoring unit is located before the gas generation unit, and a first oxygen concentration sensor and a humidity sensor of the environment monitoring unit are connected with the digital integrated calculation and control unit.
Preferably, the air compressor of the gas generating unit is communicated with a gas filtering device, and the gas filtering device is communicated with the first pressure reducing valve.
Preferably, a second oxygen sensor is arranged between the gas filtering device and the first pressure reducing valve, and the first pressure reducing valve is communicated with a first valve of the electromagnetic valve.
Preferably, a first pressure sensor is arranged between the nitrogen-making molecular sieve of the low-oxygen gas path unit and the flow regulating valve, the nitrogen-making molecular sieve is communicated with the first reducing valve and the flow regulating valve respectively, and the flow regulating valve is communicated with the second valve of the electromagnetic valve through the first flow sensor.
Preferably, a third oxygen concentration sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged between the second pressure reducing valve and the breathing mask.
Preferably, the gas generation unit, the hypoxia air circuit unit, the electromagnetic valve and the breathing mask are communicated through a hose, and a spiral damping structure is arranged inside the hose.
Preferably, the top and the side wall of the box body of the active test system are provided with heat dissipation holes, the upper portion of the box body is provided with heat dissipation fans communicated with the heat dissipation holes at the top, and damping sponge is arranged around the air compressor at the bottom of the box body.
Preferably, the digital integrated calculating and controlling unit collects and analyzes signals of each sensor, and finally controls the oxygen concentration of the breathing mask by controlling the opening and closing period of the electromagnetic valve;
the specific algorithm of the digital integrated calculating and controlling unit for the matching of the hypoxia air circuit and the air circuit is that,
Figure BDA0003568359080000031
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
a: oxygen concentration output by low-oxygen gas circuit
k: oxygen concentration of air
x: low oxygen gas path opening time in one period
z%: the oxygen concentration;
the oxygen concentration is controlled according to an incremental PID formula, specifically,
PID＝Uk+KP*[E(k)-E(k-1)]+KI*E(k)+KD*[E(k)-2E(k-1)+E(k-2)]
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
PID: control quantity at next moment
Uk: current time control quantity (PID)
KP: current proportional control coefficient
KI: current integral control coefficient
KD: current differential control coefficient
E (k): current error
E (k-1): error of previous time
E (k-2): the first two time errors.
Preferably, the active dynamic performance testing system for low oxygen tolerance capability has the following air paths: the external air enters the first pressure reducing valve after entering the gas generating unit, then the external air is divided into two parts, one part directly enters the electromagnetic valve, the other part enters the electromagnetic valve after passing through the hypoxia air circuit unit, and the electromagnetic valve mixes and conveys the two parts of gas to the second pressure reducing valve and finally conveys the gas to the breathing mask by the second pressure reducing valve.
Therefore, the active test system for the dynamic performance of the low-oxygen tolerance capacity, which adopts the structure, has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the system uses incremental PID control, adopts gas flow as control quantity, adjusts the flow ratio of the hypoxia gas circuit and the air gas circuit, realizes the control of the oxygen content of output gas, can realize the tracking of the oxygen concentration of the output gas on any waveform signal, realizes the stepless control of the oxygen concentration of the output gas, and has high working efficiency;
(2) the system has strong environment self-adaptive function and can be used for a long time in any region and any season;
(3) the system is matched with portable physiological monitoring equipment for use, can display and record the heart rate, blood oxygen and other physiological signals of a person to be detected in real time, and better reflects the physiological state of the person to be detected;
(4) the whole gas circuit of the system is safe and pollution-free, the whole weight is controlled within 15 kg, and no gas storage tank is arranged, so that the miniaturization and portability of the active test system are realized.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an active dynamic performance testing system for hypoxia tolerance according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an active dynamic performance testing system for low oxygen tolerance capability of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exterior of the housing of the active dynamic performance testing system for low oxygen tolerance capability of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. An electromagnetic valve; 2. a respiratory mask; 3. an air compressor; 4. a gas filtering device; 5. preparing a nitrogen molecular sieve; 6. a flow regulating valve; 7. a digital integration and calculation control unit; 8. a hose; 9. a heat radiation fan; 10. and (4) a box body.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an active testing system for the dynamic performance of hypoxia tolerance of the present invention, fig. 2 is a side view of the active testing system for the dynamic performance of hypoxia tolerance of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a box of the active testing system for the dynamic performance of hypoxia tolerance of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the active testing system for the dynamic performance of hypoxia tolerance of the present invention comprises an environment monitoring unit, a gas generating unit, a hypoxia gas circuit unit, an electromagnetic valve 1, a digital integrated calculating and controlling unit 7, a breathing mask 2 and a physiological detecting unit. The gas generation unit is communicated with the hypoxia gas circuit unit and the electromagnetic valve 1 through a first pressure reducing valve, the hypoxia gas circuit unit is communicated with a second pressure reducing valve through the electromagnetic valve 1, and the second pressure reducing valve is communicated with the breathing mask 2. The blood pressure sensor and the blood oxygen sensor of the physiological detection unit are both connected with the digital integrated calculation and control unit 7, a first flow sensor is arranged between the hypoxia air circuit unit and the electromagnetic valve, and a second flow sensor is arranged between the second pressure reducing valve and the breathing mask 2. Physiological signals such as self heart rate and blood oxygen after the user wears the respirator are detected by the physiological detection unit under the current oxygen concentration.
The environment monitoring unit is located before the gas generation unit, and a first oxygen concentration sensor and a humidity sensor of the environment monitoring unit are connected with the digital integrated calculation and control unit 7. The setting of environment monitoring unit monitors oxygen concentration and humidity in the current environment, realizes the long-time use of this initiative test system in arbitrary region and season.
The air compressor 3 of the gas generation unit is communicated with the gas filtering device 4, and the gas filtering device 4 is communicated with the first pressure reducing valve. The gas generating unit separates oil and water in the air while conveying the air, so that the air entering the subsequent hose 8 is ensured to be clean, and meanwhile, the internal pipeline of the subsequent hose 8 is not polluted.
A second oxygen sensor is arranged between the gas filtering device 4 and the first pressure reducing valve, and the first pressure reducing valve is communicated with a first valve of the electromagnetic valve 1. The second oxygen sensor is arranged to measure the oxygen concentration in the air entering the first valve.
A first pressure sensor is arranged between the nitrogen making molecular sieve 5 and the flow regulating valve 6 of the low-oxygen gas path unit, the nitrogen making molecular sieve 5 is communicated with a first pressure reducing valve, and the flow regulating valve 6 is communicated with a second valve of the electromagnetic valve 1 through the first flow sensor. The nitrogen-producing molecular sieve 5 uses HEPA technology to treat air and filter macromolecular oxygen therein to produce low-oxygen gas. The low-oxygen gas enters the second valve, and the control of the oxygen concentration of the output gas is realized by controlling the opening and closing period of the first valve and the second valve of the electromagnetic valve 1.
A third oxygen concentration sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged between the second pressure reducing valve and the breathing mask 2, so that the oxygen concentration at the breathing mask 2 can be measured in real time. The breathing mask 2 communicates with a second pressure relief valve outside the tank 10.
The gas generating unit, the hypoxia air circuit unit, the electromagnetic valve 1 and the breathing mask 2 are communicated by a hose 8, and a spiral damping structure is arranged inside the hose 8.
The gas resistance is equal to the sum of the straight pipeline resistance and the local resistance,
∑hf＝hfz+hhJin order to avoid vortex formation in the gas path pipeline, the gas path pipeline avoids sudden change of the cross section as much as possible, so that the local resistance can be ignored, the calculation formula of the resistance of the straight pipe section is as follows,
Figure BDA0003568359080000071
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
λ: coefficient of friction damping
l: length of pipe in m
d: inner diameter of the pipe in m
u: the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe is in m/s;
therefore, the length of the straight pipe needs to be prolonged as much as possible to enhance the resistance under the condition that the flow rate and the inner diameter are not changed, so that the spiral damping structure is selected to prolong the air passage in the hose. The gas source of the active test system is a single air inlet channel of the air compressor 3, and the air and the low-oxygen gas are fully mixed and cooled under the condition that no air storage tank is arranged.
The top and the side wall of a box body 10 of the active test system are provided with heat dissipation holes, the upper part of the box body 10 is provided with a heat dissipation fan 9 communicated with the heat dissipation holes at the top, and a damping sponge is arranged around an air compressor 3 at the bottom of the box body 10. The enclosure 10 is provided to allow portability of the active test system. The heat dissipation fan 9 and the heat dissipation holes are arranged to perform heat dissipation treatment on the inside of the box body 10 and the hose 8.
The digital integrated calculating and controlling unit 7 collects and analyzes signals of each sensor, and finally controls the opening and closing period of the electromagnetic valve 1 to control the oxygen concentration in the breathing mask 2;
the specific algorithm of the digital integrated calculating and controlling unit 7 for the ratio of the hypoxic air path to the air is,
Figure BDA0003568359080000072
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
a: oxygen concentration output by low oxygen gas path
k: oxygen concentration of air
x: low oxygen gas path opening time in one period
z%: the oxygen concentration.
The oxygen concentration is controlled according to an incremental PID formula, specifically,
PID＝Uk+KP*[E(k)-E(k-1)]+KI*E(k)+KD*[E(k)-2E(k-1)+E(k-2)]
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
PID: control quantity at next moment
Uk: current time control quantity (PID)
KP: current proportional control coefficient
KI: current integral control coefficient
KD: current differential control coefficient
E (k): current error
E (k-1): error of previous time
E (k-2): the first two time errors.
An active dynamic performance testing system for hypoxia tolerance, the air path is: the external air enters the first pressure reducing valve after entering the gas generating unit, then the external air is divided into two parts, one part directly enters the electromagnetic valve 1, the other part enters the electromagnetic valve 1 after passing through the hypoxia gas circuit unit, the electromagnetic valve 1 mixes the two parts of gas and then conveys the gas to the second pressure reducing valve, and finally the gas is conveyed to the breathing mask 2 by the second pressure reducing valve.
Example 1
S1: collecting oxygen concentration values corresponding to various altitudes, as shown in table 1;
table 1 is a parameter table of oxygen concentration corresponding to each altitude:
Figure RE-GDA0003690739710000081
s2: by consulting the data, the oxygen required by the human body per hour is 21L, and under the conditions of 6 kg of pressure and 8mm of inner diameter of the pipeline (ignoring the pressure loss in the pipeline), the oxygen consumption is calculated according to the formula
Figure BDA0003568359080000081
And calculating to obtain specific resistance s, wherein D is the diameter of the pipeline, and n is the roughness of the inner wall of the pipeline.
Then according to the formula
Figure BDA0003568359080000082
The tube flow Q can be determined, where P is the gas pressure (6 kg corresponding to 0.6mpa), ρ is the gas density, s is the specific resistance, and L is the tube length.
Through repeated verification, the air source output by the breathing mask of the system can stably provide enough oxygen for human body training and testing.
S3: inputting a preset output gas oxygen concentration wave function.
S4: because the signals collected by each sensor of the lower computer are discrete, the discrete signals are continuous by the upper computer, and the control period is adjusted to be 500 milliseconds, so that the Shannon sampling theorem is met;
the upper computer selects an event trigger mode, waits for data information of the lower computer, receives data and calculates duty ratios of an air gas circuit and a low-oxygen gas circuit which need to be controlled from the electromagnetic valve.
S5: and after calculation, the upper computer inputs an action command into the electromagnetic valve, changes the duty ratio of the electromagnetic valve and realizes the tracking change of the output gas oxygen concentration to the input waveform.
Therefore, the system for actively testing the dynamic performance of the low-oxygen tolerance capacity adopts the structure, uses incremental PID control, adopts the gas flow as a control quantity, adjusts the flow ratio of the low-oxygen gas circuit and the air gas circuit, and realizes the control of the oxygen content of the output gas.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. An active testing system for dynamic performance of hypoxia tolerance capability, comprising: the device comprises an environment monitoring unit, a gas generating unit, a hypoxia gas circuit unit, an electromagnetic valve, a digital integrated calculation and control unit, a breathing mask and a physiological detection unit, wherein the gas generating unit is communicated with the hypoxia gas circuit unit and the electromagnetic valve through a first pressure reducing valve;
The environment monitoring unit is located before the gas generation unit, a first oxygen concentration sensor and a humidity sensor of the environment monitoring unit are connected with the digital integrated calculation and control unit.
2. The active low oxygen tolerance test system according to claim 1, wherein: and an air compressor of the gas generation unit is communicated with a gas filtering device, and the gas filtering device is communicated with the first pressure reducing valve.
3. The active low oxygen tolerance test system according to claim 1, wherein: and a second oxygen sensor is arranged between the gas filtering device and the first pressure reducing valve, and the first pressure reducing valve is communicated with a first valve of the electromagnetic valve.
4. The active low oxygen tolerance test system according to claim 1, wherein: and a first pressure sensor is arranged between the nitrogen-making molecular sieve of the low-oxygen gas path unit and the flow regulating valve, the nitrogen-making molecular sieve is respectively communicated with the first pressure reducing valve and the flow regulating valve, and the flow regulating valve is communicated with a second valve of the electromagnetic valve through the first flow sensor.
5. The active low oxygen tolerance testing system according to claim 1, wherein: and a third oxygen concentration sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged between the second pressure reducing valve and the breathing mask.
6. The active low oxygen tolerance testing system according to claim 1, wherein: the gas generating unit, hypoxemia gas circuit unit the solenoid valve with by the hose intercommunication between the respirator, the hose is inside to be equipped with spiral damping structure.
7. The active low oxygen tolerance test system according to claim 1, wherein: the box top and the lateral wall of the active test system are provided with heat dissipation holes, the upper portion of the box is provided with a heat dissipation fan communicated with the heat dissipation holes at the top, and damping sponge is arranged around the air compressor at the bottom of the box.
8. The active low oxygen tolerance test system according to claim 1, wherein: the digital integrated calculating and controlling unit collects and analyzes signals of all sensors and finally controls the oxygen concentration of the breathing mask by controlling the opening and closing period of the electromagnetic valve;
The specific algorithm of the digital integrated calculating and controlling unit for the matching of the hypoxia air circuit and the air circuit is that,
Figure FDA0003568359070000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a: oxygen concentration output by low oxygen gas path
k: oxygen concentration of air
x: low oxygen gas path opening time in one period
z%: the oxygen concentration;
the oxygen concentration is controlled according to an incremental PID formula, specifically,
PID＝Uk+KP*[E(k)-E(k-1)]+KI*E(k)+KD*[E(k)-2E(k-1)+E(k-2)]
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
PID: control quantity at next moment
Uk: current time control quantity (PID)
KP: current proportional control coefficient
KI: current integral control coefficient
KD: current differential control coefficient
E (k): current error
E (k-1): error of previous time
E (k-2): the first two time errors.
9. The active low oxygen tolerance dynamic performance testing system of claim 1, wherein the air path is: the external air enters the first pressure reducing valve after entering the gas generating unit, then the external air is divided into two parts, one part directly enters the electromagnetic valve, the other part enters the electromagnetic valve after passing through the hypoxia air circuit unit, and the electromagnetic valve mixes and conveys the two parts of gas to the second pressure reducing valve and finally conveys the gas to the breathing mask by the second pressure reducing valve.
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CN113611414A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-11-05 北京理工大学 Dynamic monitoring and performance evaluation method and system for acute altitude disease

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