CN114746562B - 经热轧的钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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- CN114746562B CN114746562B CN202080082253.1A CN202080082253A CN114746562B CN 114746562 B CN114746562 B CN 114746562B CN 202080082253 A CN202080082253 A CN 202080082253A CN 114746562 B CN114746562 B CN 114746562B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C47/00—Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
- B21C47/02—Winding-up or coiling
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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Abstract
经热轧的钢板,其组成包含以下元素:0.18%≤碳≤0.3%、1.8%≤锰≤4.5%、0.8%≤硅≤2%、0 001%≤铝≤0.2%、0.1%≤钼≤1%、0.001%≤钛≤0.2%、0.0001%≤硼≤0.01%、0%≤磷≤0.09%、0%≤硫≤0.09%、0%≤氮≤0.09%、0%≤铬≤0.5%、0%≤铌≤0.1%、0%≤钒≤0.5%、0%≤镍≤1%、0%≤铜≤1%、0%≤钙≤0.005%、0%≤镁≤0.0010%,剩余部分组成由铁和因加工产生的不可避免的杂质构成,所述钢板的显微组织以面积分数计包含至少70%的马氏体、8%至25%的残余奥氏体,其中所述残余奥氏体的形状系数为4至12。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适合用作结构钢或用于制造工业机械、工程机械制件(yellow goods)和原型制件(green goods)的经热轧的钢板。
背景技术
近年来,为了提高燃料效率以及减少环境影响的目的,积极努力通过应用高强度钢板来减轻设备和结构的重量。然而,当钢板的强度增加时,韧性通常劣化。因此,在高强度钢的开发中,重要的问题是在不使韧性劣化的情况下增加强度。
进行了大量的研究和开发努力以通过增加材料的强度来减少使用的材料的量。相反地,钢板强度的增加使韧性降低,并因此必须开发具有高强度和良好韧性二者的材料。
在高强度和良好韧性钢的领域中,早期研究和开发已经产生了数种用于生产高强度钢的方法,本文中列举其中的一些方法以用于对本发明的明确理解:
专利公开US2006/0011274A1公开了称为淬火和配分(Q&P)的相对新方法,其能够生产具有包含残余奥氏体的显微组织的钢。这种已知的淬火和配分过程由两步热处理组成。在再加热以获得部分或完全奥氏体显微组织之后,将钢淬火至在马氏体起始温度(Ms)与马氏体结束温度(Mf)之间的合适预定温度。该淬火温度(QT)下期望的显微组织由铁素体、马氏体以及未转变的奥氏体或马氏体以及未转变的奥氏体组成。在第二配分处理步骤中,钢或者保持在QT下,或者使其达到更高的温度(所谓的配分温度(PT)),即PT QT。后者步骤的目的是通过耗尽碳过饱和马氏体使未转变的奥氏体富含碳。在Q&P方法中,有意地抑制铁碳化物或贝氏体的形成,并使残余奥氏体稳定以在后续成形操作期间获得应变诱导转变的优点。以上开发旨在改善汽车应用中使用的薄钢板的机械和成形相关的特性。在这样的应用中,不需要良好的冲击韧性,并且强度被限制为低于1000MPa。
EP2789699是公开了制造具有至少450HBW的布氏硬度的热轧钢产品如热轧钢带或钢板产品的方法的专利申请。所述方法包括以下给定顺序的步骤:提供钢坯的步骤,所述钢坯按照重量百分比计包含:C:0.25%至0.45%、Si:0.01%至1.5%、Mn:0.4%至3.0%、Ni:0.5%至4.0%、Al:0.01至1.2%、Cr:小于2.0%、Mo:小于1.0%、Cu:小于1.5%、V:小于0.5%、Nb:小于0.2%、Ti:小于0.2%、B:小于0.01%、Ca:小于0.01%,余量为铁、残余内容物和不可避免的杂质;将所述钢坯加热至950℃至1350℃范围内的温度T加热的加热步骤;温度均衡步骤;用于获得经热轧的钢材料的在Ar3至1300℃的温度范围内的热轧步骤;以及将经热轧的钢材料从热轧热直接淬火至低于Ms的温度的步骤。所获得的钢产品的原奥氏体晶粒组织在轧制方向上被拉长,使得纵横比大于或等于1.2。但EP2789699不能够在具有1000MPa的抗拉强度的同时提供15%的总延伸率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过使得可获得同时具有以下的经热轧的钢来解决这些问题:
-850MPa或更大,并且优选880Mpa或更大的屈服强度,
-大于或等于15%,并且优选大于或等于15.5%的总延伸率。
-在-40℃下测量时大于或等于30J/cm2,并且优选在-40℃下测量时大于或等于35J/cm2的冲击韧性。
在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的钢板呈现出大于或等于395BHN,并且优选大于或等于410BHN的硬度。
在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的钢板还可以呈现出大于或等于1150MPa的抗拉强度。
在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的钢板还可以呈现出0.5或更大的屈服强度与抗拉强度比率。
优选地,这样的钢还可以具有良好的成形适用性(特别是对于轧制)以及良好的焊接性。
本发明的另一个目的还在于使得可获得用于制造这些板的方法,所述方法与常规工业应用相兼容,同时对制造参数变化是稳健的。
本发明的经热轧的钢板可以任选地涂覆有锌或锌合金以改善其耐腐蚀性。
具体实施方式
碳以0.18%至0.3%存在于钢中。碳是通过促使回火马氏体形成来增加钢的强度和硬度所必需的元素。但是,小于0.18%的碳含量将不能赋予本发明的钢以抗拉强度。另一方面,在碳含量超过0.3%时,钢表现出差的点焊性,并且不利于冲击韧性,这限制了其应用于工程机械制件或原型制件的结构部件。本发明的优选含量可以保持0.19%至0.28%,并且更优选0.19%至0.25%。
本发明的钢的锰含量为1.8%至4.5%。
该元素是γ相生成元素(gammagenous),并因此在控制残余奥氏体分数方面发挥重要作用。添加锰的目的本质上是赋予钢以淬透性。发现至少1.8重量%的量的锰用以向钢提供强度和淬透性。但是,当锰含量大于4.5%时,其产生不利的影响,例如其阻碍在热轧之后的冷却期间奥氏体的转变。此外,大于4.5%的锰含量,其促进中心偏析,因此使本发明钢的可成形性降低并且还使其焊接性劣化。本发明的优选含量可以保持1.9%至4.2%,并且更优选2%至4%。
本发明的钢的硅含量为0.8%至2%。硅是本发明的钢的固溶强化剂。此外,硅阻碍渗碳体析出并且还防止碳化物形成,然而通常无法完全消除碳化物形成。因此有助于在室温下形成残余奥氏体。然而,大于2%的硅含量导致诸如表面缺陷例如虎皮条(tigerstrip))的问题,这不利地影响本发明的钢。因此,将浓度控制在2%的上限内。本发明的优选含量可以保持0.9%至1.9%,并且更优选1%至1.8%。
铝是以0.001%至0.2%存在于本发明的钢中的元素。铝是α相生成元素(alphagenous element),并赋予本发明的钢以延性。钢中的铝具有与氮结合以形成氮化铝的倾向,因此从本发明的观点来看,必须将铝含量保持尽可能低,并且优选为0.02%至0.06%。
钼是构成本发明的钢的0.1%至1%的必需元素。钼通过影响膜状奥氏体的形成来增加本发明的钢的淬透性和韧性。需要最少0.1%的钼来促使形成膜状奥氏体和膜状回火马氏体。然而,过度添加钼增加合金元素的添加成本,因此出于经济原因将其含量限制为1%。钼的优选限制为0.15%至0.7%,并且更优选为0.15%至0.6%。
钛是必需元素并且以0.001%至0.2%存在于本发明的钢中。钛通过形成碳化物而赋予本发明的钢以强度。但是当钛以大于0.2%存在时,其赋予本发明的钢过多的强度和硬度,这使韧性降低超出目标限制。钛的优选限制为0.001%至0.15%,并且更优选的限制为0.001%至0.1%。
本发明的钢的磷成分为0%至0.09%。磷特别是由于其在晶界处偏析或者与锰共偏析的倾向而使点焊性、热延性和韧性降低。由于这些原因,将其含量限制为0.02%,并且优选低于0.015%。
硫不是必需的元素,但可能作为杂质包含在钢中,并且从本发明的观点出发,硫含量优选地尽可能低,但从制造成本的观点出发,硫含量为0.09%或更小。此外,如果钢中存在较高的硫,则硫尤其与锰结合以形成硫化物并且降低锰对本发明的钢的有益影响,因此优选低于0.003%。
将氮限制为0.09%以避免材料的老化。氮通过析出强化与钒和铌形成赋予本发明的钢以强度的氮化物,但是当氮大于0.09%存在时,其可以形成大量的对本发明不利的氮化铝。因此氮的优选上限为0.01%,更优选为0.005%。
在一个优选实施方案中,碳和锰的累积存在优选为2.3%至4.5%。
硼是本发明的钢的任选元素并且可以以0.0001%至0.01%存在。硼通过形成碳化物和氮化物赋予本发明的钢以强度。
铬是本发明的任选元素。铬含量可以以0%至0.5%存在于本发明的钢中。铬是向钢提供淬透性的元素,但高于0.5%的铬含量导致类似于锰的中心共偏析。
钒是可以以0%至0.5%存在于本发明的钢中的任选元素。钒通过形成碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物而有效地提高钢的强度,并且由于经济原因,上限为0.5%。这些碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物在热轧之后的冷却期间形成。钒的优选限制为0.15%至0.4%,并且更优选为0.15%至0.3%。
铌是本发明的任选元素。铌含量可以以0%至0.1%存在于本发明的钢中,并且在本发明的钢中添加用于通过析出强化形成碳化物或碳氮化物以赋予本发明的钢以强度。优选限制为0%至0.05%。
镍可以以0%至1%的量作为任选元素添加以增加本发明钢的强度并且以改善其韧性。优选0.01%的最小值来获得这样的效果。然而,当其含量大于1%时,镍导致延性劣化。
铜可以作为任选元素以0%至1%的量添加以增加本发明的钢的强度并且以改善其耐腐蚀性。优选0.01%的最小值来获得这样的效果。然而,当其含量大于1%时,其可能使表面外观劣化。
本发明的钢中的钙含量低于0.005%。钙作为任选元素尤其是在夹杂物处理期间优选以0.0001%至0.005%的量添加到本发明的钢中,从而阻碍了硫的有害效果。
其他元素例如镁可以以以下按重量计的比例添加:镁≦0.0010%。最高至所示的最大含量水平,这些元素使得可以在凝固期间使晶粒细化。
钢的组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质组成。
钢板的显微组织包含:
用于本发明的目的的形状系数是显微组织成分的长轴与短轴比率(也称纵横比),并且其是无单位的数。
马氏体以至少70%存在于本发明的钢中,其中本发明的马氏体包含回火马氏体和新鲜马氏体,其中回火马氏体是本发明的钢的基体相。本发明的钢的回火马氏体具有膜状组织,并且没有特别限制,但优选的是,其形状比优选为4至12,并且更优选为5至11。回火马氏体是由退火之后的冷却期间形成的马氏体形成的。然后将这样的马氏体在配分温度下保持期间回火。本发明的钢的回火马氏体赋予延性和强度。优选的是,以总显微组织的面积分数计,回火马氏体的含量大于70%,并且更优选大于75%。新鲜马氏体也可以任选地存在于本发明的钢中。新鲜马氏体可以在配分步骤之后的冷却期间由剩余的不稳定残余奥氏体形成。新鲜马氏体可以以0%至15%,优选以0%至10%存在,并且甚至更好的是不存在新鲜马氏体。这样的新鲜马氏体的形状比为4至12,并且更优选为5至11。
残余奥氏体是本发明的钢的必须显微组织成分,并且以8%至25%存在。本发明的残余奥氏体赋予本发明的钢以韧性。本发明的钢的残余奥氏体是形状系数为4至12并且优选为5至11的膜型奥氏体。本发明的残余奥氏体存在于回火马氏体的板条或新鲜马氏体的膜之间。残余奥氏体的膜的厚度优选为15纳米至120纳米。残余奥氏体在配分步骤期间形成。本发明的残余奥氏体的优选以8%至22%,并且更优选以9%至18%存在。
除上述显微组织之外,经热轧的钢板的显微组织不含诸如珠光体、铁素体、贝氏体和渗碳体的显微组织组分。合金元素(例如Mo、Fe和其他)的碳化物可以以0%至5%存在于本发明的钢中,而这些碳化物本身是不期望的,因为形成碳化物部分消耗了碳的量,这不利于残余奥氏体的稳定。
根据本发明的经热轧的钢板可以通过任何合适的方法来生产。优选的方法在于提供具有根据本发明的化学组成的钢的半成品铸件。可以将铸件制成锭或者连续地制成薄板坯或薄钢带的形式,即,厚度范围从对于板坯的约220mm到对于薄钢带的几十毫米。
例如,具有上述化学组成的板坯通过连铸来制造,其中板坯任选地在连铸过程期间经历直接轻压下以避开中心。通过连铸过程提供的板坯可以在连铸之后直接在高温下使用,或者可以首先冷却至室温然后再加热用于热轧。
将板坯再加热到至少Ac3+50℃至1300℃的温度。在板坯的温度低于至少Ac3+50℃的情况下,对轧机施加着过大的负荷。因此,板坯的温度足够高使得热轧可以完全在奥氏体范围内完成。必须避免在高于1300℃的温度下再加热,因为这导致生产率损失并且还在工业上是昂贵的。因此,优选的再加热温度为至少Ac3+100℃至1280℃。
本发明的热轧终轧温度为至少Ac3,并且优选为Ac3至Ac3+100℃,更优选为840℃至980℃,并且甚至更优选为850℃至930℃。
然后将以这种方式获得的经热轧的钢带以10℃/秒至200℃/秒的冷却速率从热轧终轧温度冷却至Ms至20℃的温度范围。在一个优选的实施方案中,该冷却步骤的冷却速率为20℃/秒至180℃/秒,并且更优选为50℃/秒至150℃/秒。
然后可以任选地将经热轧的钢带卷取,其中卷取温度为20℃至450℃。
此后对经热轧的钢带进行热处理,这将赋予本发明的钢所需的机械特性和显微组织。
将经热轧的钢带从Ms-50℃至20℃的温度加热直到为Ac3至Ac3+250℃,优选为Ac3+10℃至Ac3+200℃的退火温度T均热,这样的加热以至少1℃/秒的加热速率HR1进行。
将经热轧的钢带在T均热下保持5秒至1000秒的时间,以确保加工硬化的初始组织的完全再结晶并完全转变为奥氏体。
然后,接着将经热轧的钢带冷却,其中以0.1℃/秒至150℃/秒的冷却速率CR1从T均热开始冷却至Ms-10℃至50℃范围内的冷却停止温度T1。在一个优选的实施方案中,这样冷却的冷却速率CR1为0.1℃/秒至120℃/秒。优选的T1温度为Ms-10℃至100℃。均热之后的冷却的冷却速率必须足够高以避免奥氏体转变为贝氏体,使得足够量的碳可用于使配分步骤期间的膜状残余奥氏体稳定。在该步骤期间,尤其是在超过Ms温度之后,奥氏体转变为马氏体。
此后,使经热轧的钢带达到Ms+150℃至Ms-150℃的配分温度T配分,并且将经热轧的钢带在T配分下保持5秒至1000秒的时间。T配分的优选温度范围为Ms+100℃至Ms-100℃,并且保持在T配分下的持续时间优选为200秒至1000秒,并且更优选为400秒至1000秒。在该步骤期间,来自马氏体的碳被奥氏体配分并消耗以用于在室温下稳定。将经热轧的钢带保持在配分温度下的时间优选选择成使得残余奥氏体的在奥氏体中的平均碳存在为至少0.9%。
然后,将经热轧的钢带以0.1℃/秒至10℃/秒并且优选0.1℃/秒至5℃/秒的冷却速率CR2冷却至室温以获得经热轧的钢板。在该冷却期间,可能由一些剩余的不稳定奥氏体形成新鲜马氏体。由此获得的经热轧的钢板的厚度优选为2mm至25mm,并且更优选为2mm至20mm,并且甚至更优选为4mm至15mm。
实施例
本文中呈现的以下测试、实施例、图形示例和表格本质上是非限制性的并且必须仅出于说明目的来考虑,并且将显示本发明的有利特征。
表1中汇总了由具有不同组成的钢制成的钢板,其中分别根据如表2记明的过程参数生产钢板。此后,表3汇总了在试验期间获得的钢板的显微组织,以及表4汇总了获得的特性的评估结果。
Ac3通过使用下式来计算:
Ac3=910-203[C]^(1/2)-15.2[Ni]+44.7[Si]+104[V]+31.5[Mo]+13.1[W]
-30[Mn]-11[Cr]-20[Cu]+700[P]+400[Al]+120[As]+400[Ti]
Ms通过使用下式来计算:
Ms=545-601.2*(1-EXP(-0.868[C]))-34.4[Mn]-13.7[Si]-9.2[Cr]-17.3[Ni]
-15.4[Mo]+10.8[V]+4.7[Co]-1.4[Al]-16.3[Cu]-361[Nb]
-2.44[Ti]-3448[B]
其中元素含量以经热轧的钢板的重量百分比表示。
表3
表3例示了根据关于用于确定本发明钢和参照钢二者的显微组织的不同显微镜例如扫描电子显微镜或X射线衍射的标准进行的测试的结果。
结果在此记明:
I=根据本发明;R=参照;带下划线的值:未根据本发明。
表4
表4例示了本发明钢和参照钢二者的机械特性。为了确定抗拉强度、屈服强度和总延伸率,根据NBN EN ISO6892-1标准用具有A25的抗拉样品进行抗拉测试。韧性通过根据ISO 148-1进行的夏氏冲击试验来测试。汇总了根据标准进行的各机械测试的结果。
I=根据本发明;R=参照;带下划线的值;未根据本发明。
Claims (18)
1.一种经热轧的钢板,以重量百分比表示,其组成包含以下元素:
0.18%≤碳≤0.3%
1.8%≤锰≤4.5%
0.8%≤硅≤2%
0 001%≤铝≤0.2%
0.1%≤钼≤1%
0.001%≤钛≤0.2%
0%≤磷≤0.09%
0%≤硫≤0.09%
0%≤氮≤0.09%
以及能够包含以下任选元素中的一者或更多者:
0.0001%≤硼≤0.01%
0%≤铬≤0.5%
0%≤铌≤0.1%
0%≤钒≤0.5%
0%≤镍≤1%
0%≤铜≤1%
0%≤钙≤0.005%
0%≤镁≤0.0010%
剩余部分组成由铁和因加工产生的不可避免的杂质构成,所述钢板的显微组织以面积分数计包含至少70%的马氏体、8%至25%的残余奥氏体,其中所述残余奥氏体的形状系数为4至12。
2.根据权利要求1所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述组成包含0.9%至1.9%的硅。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述组成包含0.19%至0.28%的碳。
4.根据权利要求3所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述组成包含0.001%至0.15%的钛。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述组成包含1.9%至4.2%的锰。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述组成包含0.15%至0.7%的钼。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述组成包含0.02%至0.06%的铝。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中碳和锰的累积存在为2.3%至4.5%。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中残余奥氏体的量为8%至22%。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述钢板具有850MPa或更大的屈服强度和15%或更大的总延伸率。
11.根据权利要求10所述的经热轧的钢板,其中所述钢板具有880MPa或更大的屈服强度。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的经热轧的钢板,其中回火马氏体和所述残余奥氏体的形状系数为5至11。
13.一种生产经热轧的钢板的方法,包括以下顺序步骤:
提供根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的钢组成;
将具有根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的钢组成的半成品再加热至Ac3+50℃至1300℃的温度;
在其中热轧终轧温度应为至少Ac3的奥氏体范围内对所述半成品进行轧制以获得经热轧的钢带;
任选地将所述经热轧的钢带在200℃至450℃的卷取温度范围下卷取;
然后将所述经热轧的钢带以10℃/秒至200℃/秒的冷却速率从热轧终轧温度冷却至Ms至20℃的温度范围;
然后将所述经热轧的钢带以至少1℃/秒的加热速率HR1从Ms-50℃至20℃的温度范围加热至Ac3至Ac3+250℃的温度T均热,在所述温度T均热下将所述经热轧的钢带保持5秒至1000秒的时间;
然后将所述经热轧的钢带冷却,其中以0.1℃/秒至150℃/秒的冷却速率CR1从T均热开始冷却至Ms-10℃至50℃的冷却停止温度T1;然后使所述经热轧的钢带从T1达到Ms-150℃至Ms+150℃的配分温度T配分,其中将所述经热轧的钢带保持5秒至1000秒的时间;
此后将所述经热轧的钢带以0.1℃/秒至10℃/秒的冷却速率CR2冷却至室温以获得经热轧的钢板。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述热轧终轧温度为840℃至980℃。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其中热轧之后冷却的冷却速率为20℃/秒至180℃/秒。
16.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其中所述T配分温度为Ms+100℃至Ms-100℃。
17.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的钢板或者根据权利要求13至16所述的方法生产的钢板用于制造工业机械或原型制件或工程机械制件的部件的用途。
18.一种工业机械,包括根据权利要求17所述获得的部件。
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