CN114744383B - Low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with coplanar waveguide structure - Google Patents
Low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with coplanar waveguide structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of phase shifters, in particular to a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with a coplanar waveguide structure, which can obtain the low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter by reasonably setting the impedance value of each coplanar waveguide element, wherein two phase states are controlled by switching the connection state of a single-pole double-throw switch, the transmission amplitude functions of the two phase states are completely the same, and the phase is strictly 180 degrees different; the number of the switches is halved, so that the insertion loss caused by the switches can be effectively reduced; the device has the completely same transmission function and port reflection coefficient in the working states of 0 DEG and 180 DEG, and the amplitude processing of a subsequent circuit is not needed; has the characteristic of ultra-wideband operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phase shifters, and particularly relates to a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with a coplanar waveguide structure.
Background
The phase shifter is an electronic element for regulating and controlling the phase of electromagnetic wave signals, and has a great deal of application in phase detectors, beam forming networks, power dividers, power amplification and phased array antennas. The key performance evaluation indexes of the phase shifter mainly comprise parameters such as insertion loss, switching speed, operating frequency, relative operating bandwidth and the like.
In the architecture of a digitally controlled phase shifter, the phase shifting of a bit cell is achieved by switching between two transmission components with different guided wave passes using a pair of single pole double throw switches. The wave path difference between the two transmission components is the corresponding phase shift quantity. In the microwave frequency range, single pole double throw switches are mostly implemented using solid state integrated circuits. The losses introduced by the switch itself in the microwave band are not negligible due to physical material limitations. Since each phase shift unit in the classical architecture comprises two independent switches, the cumulative switching insertion loss is very considerable. Among all the phase shifting units, the 180-degree unit has the largest phase shifting range, the electromagnetic wave stroke of the embedded distributed structure is the longest, and the insertion loss of the transmission line is the highest. In addition, since the path length of the signal transmitted in two phase states of 0 ° and 180 ° is greatly different, imbalance of the phase shifter loss in the different phase states is caused, and the operation of the subsequent circuit is adversely affected. In summary, how to design and manufacture a broadband phase shifter with low loss and balanced amplitude is a problem to be solved in the microwave rf field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, large insertion loss and unbalanced state loss of the traditional switching phase shifter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with a coplanar waveguide structure, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:
an input port, an output port, an input matching coplanar waveguide unit, an input matching short circuit branch node line, an input matching short circuit branch node short circuit block, an input cross-shaped junction, a connecting line, four pairs of parallel coupling line segments, two Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connecting lines, four coupling line short circuit blocks, three transition metal grounds, an input matching coplanar waveguide unit, an output matching short circuit branch node line, an output matching short circuit branch node short circuit block, an output T-shaped junction, four single-pole double-throw switches, two metal grounding surfaces and twelve air metal bridges are arranged on one dielectric substrate.
According to the invention, the input matching coplanar waveguide unit and the input matching short circuit branch node line are electrically connected through the input cross-shaped junction, the input matching short circuit branch node line is electrically connected with the metal floor through the short circuit block, the output matching coplanar waveguide unit and the output matching short circuit branch node line are electrically connected through the output T-shaped structure, and the output matching short circuit branch node line is electrically connected with the metal floor through the short circuit block; the four pairs of parallel coupling line segments have the same physical structure and are symmetrically divided into two groups, and space isolation is realized between the two groups by utilizing transition metal ground; the outer side coupling lines of each group of parallel coupling line segments are connected through a section of metal strip; the metal strips are physically isolated by utilizing transition metal; setting four pairs of parallel coupling line segments as first to fourth parallel coupling line segments, wherein four connection points of the first parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with a connecting line, a Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connecting line, a metal strip and a coupling line short-circuit block in sequence; four connection points of the second parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with the rectangular connecting line, the second path contact of the single-pole double-throw switch, the coupling line short-circuit block and the metal strip in sequence in a clockwise direction; four connection points of the third parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with the coupling line short-circuit block, the metal strip and the Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connection line in sequence clockwise, and the remaining one end point is open; the four connecting points of the fourth parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with the metal strip, the coupling line short circuit block, the single-pole double-throw switch first passage contact and the several-shaped connecting line in sequence in a clockwise mode.
According to the invention, a main connection point of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with an output T-shaped junction, and two branch nodes of the switch are respectively connected with two parallel coupling line segments; the metal ground plane and the transition metal ground are directly connected with an air metal bridge.
According to a further improvement of the invention, the single pole double throw switch is one of MEMS, mechanical, PIN or FET.
According to a further improvement of the invention, the four pairs of parallel coupling lines are linear distribution of uniform impedance or miniaturized distribution adopting curves, and the four pairs of parallel coupling lines have the same odd-even model impedance and the same electric length.
According to the invention, the transition metal ground is locally co-potential with the metal ground plane through the air metal bridges, so that the more the number of the air metal bridges is, the better the requirement of sufficient grounding is met.
According to a further improvement of the invention, the input matched short circuit branch node line and the output matched short circuit branch node line are connected in parallel through a plurality of transmission lines with the same electric length so as to reduce impedance.
By reasonably setting the impedance value of each coplanar waveguide element, the invention can obtain the low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter, the two phase states of which are controlled by switching the connection state of the single-pole double-throw switch, the transmission amplitude functions of the two phase states are completely the same, and the phases are strictly 180 degrees different.
Compared with the traditional phase shifter, the invention has the following technical effects: the number of the switches is halved, so that the insertion loss caused by the switches can be effectively reduced; the device has the completely same transmission function and port reflection coefficient in the working states of 0 DEG and 180 DEG, and the amplitude processing of a subsequent circuit is not needed; has the characteristic of ultra-wideband operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the broadband transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient obtained by simulation in the phase shifter state 1 of the embodiment example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the broadband transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient obtained by simulation in the phase shifter state 2 in the embodiment example 1.
Fig. 4 is a transmission phase diagram of the phase shifter state 1 and state 2 in the embodiment example 1 obtained by simulation, wherein the solid line is the transmission phase at the state 1; the dashed line is the transmission phase at state 2.
In the figure, a 1-input port, a 2-output port, a 3-input matching coplanar waveguide unit, a 4 a-first input matching short-circuit branch node line, a 4 b-second input matching short-circuit branch node line, a 5 a-first input matching short-circuit branch node short-circuit block, a 5 b-second input matching short-circuit branch node short-circuit block, a 6-input cross junction, a 7-connecting line, an 8 a-first parallel coupling line segment, an 8 b-second parallel coupling line segment, a 9 a-third parallel coupling line segment, a 9 b-fourth parallel coupling line segment, a 10 a-first several-shaped connecting line, a 10 b-second several-shaped connecting line, an 11 a-first coupling line short-circuit block, an 11 b-second coupling line short-circuit block, an 11 c-third coupling line short-circuit block, an 11 d-fourth coupling line short-circuit block, a 12 a-first transition metal ground, a 12 b-second transition metal ground, a 13-third transition metal ground, a 14-output matching coplanar waveguide unit, a 15 a-first output matching short-circuit node short-first output node short-circuit line, a 15 b-second output metal short-circuit block, a 16 a-second output branch node short-second output node short-circuit block, a 16 a-first output metal short-circuit node short-circuit block, a 16 b-first output metal short-circuit node short-circuit block, a 3 b-second coupling line, a 3-second coupling line, a single-35 b, a double-phase connection point short-circuit bridge, a 35 b, a double-phase connection, a 35 b, a single-phase connection, a double-pole, a 35 b, a single-phase, a double-phase, and a double-phase, 35-phase, and a switch, 35.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, which are only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with a coplanar waveguide structure: comprises an input port (1), an output port (2), an input matching coplanar waveguide unit (3), two input matching short-circuit branch lines set as a first input matching short-circuit branch line (4 a) and a second input matching short-circuit branch line (4 b), two input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit blocks set as a first input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block (5 a) and a second input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block (5 b), an input cross-shaped junction (6), a connecting line (7), four pairs of parallel coupling line segments set as a first parallel coupling line segment (8 a), a second parallel coupling line segment (8 b), a third parallel coupling line segment (9 a) and a fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b), two several-shaped connecting lines set as a first several-shaped connecting line (10 a) and a second several-shaped connecting line (10 b), four coupling line short-circuit blocks set as a first coupling line short-circuit block (11 a), a second coupling line short-circuit block (11 b), a third coupling line short-circuit block (11 c) and a fourth coupling line short-circuit block (11 d), three transition metal ground set as a first transition metal coupling line segment (12 a), a second transition metal segment (12 a) and a second metal segment (14 b), a transition metal segment (13 a) set as a second coupling line segment (13 b), two output matching short circuit branch short circuit blocks are set to be a first output matching short circuit branch short circuit block (16 a) and a second output matching short circuit branch short circuit block (16 b), a T-shaped junction (17) is output, four single-pole double-throw switches are set to be a first single-pole double-throw switch (18 a), a second single-pole double-throw switch (18 b), a third single-pole double-throw switch (18 c) and a fourth single-pole double-throw switch (18 d), two metal grounding surfaces are set to be a first metal grounding surface (19 a) and a second metal grounding surface (19 b), one dielectric substrate (20) is set, and twelve air metal bridges are set to be first to twelfth air metal bridges (21 a) to (21 l).
The input matching coplanar waveguide unit (3) is electrically connected with the first input matching short-circuit branch node line (4 a) and the second input matching short-circuit branch node line (4 b) through an input cross-shaped junction (6); the first input matching short circuit branch node line (4 a) is electrically connected with the first metal floor (19 a) through the first short circuit block (5 a); the second input matching short circuit branch node line (4 b) is electrically connected with a second metal floor (19 b) through a second short circuit block (5 b); the output matching coplanar waveguide unit (14) is electrically connected with the first output matching short-circuit branch node line (15 a) and the first output matching short-circuit branch node line (15 b) through a T-shaped junction (17); the first output matching short circuit branch node line (15 a) is electrically connected with the second metal floor (19 b) through the first short circuit block (16 a); the second input matching short circuit branch line (15 b) is electrically connected with the first metal floor (19 a) through a second short circuit block (16 b).
The four pairs of parallel coupling line segments are completely identical in physical structure and are symmetrically divided into two groups, wherein the first parallel coupling line segment (8 a) and the third parallel coupling line segment (9 a) are in one group, the second parallel coupling line segment (8 b) and the fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b) are in the other group, and space isolation is realized between the two groups by utilizing a third transition metal ground (13); the first parallel coupling line segment (8 a) and the third parallel coupling line segment (9 a) are spatially isolated by utilizing a first transition metal ground (12 a); the second parallel coupling line segment (8 b) and the fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b) are spatially isolated by utilizing a second transition metal ground (12 b); the outside coupling line of the first parallel coupling line segment (8 a) and the second parallel coupling line segment (8 b) is connected through a section of metal strip; the outside coupling line of the second parallel coupling line segment (9 a) and the fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b) are connected through a section of metal strip; the two metal strips are physically separated by a third transition metal ground (13).
Four connection points of the first parallel coupling line segment (8 a) are respectively connected with the connection line (7), the first Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connection line (10 a), the metal strip and the first coupling line short-circuit block (11 a) in sequence;
four connection points of the second parallel coupling line segment (8 b) are respectively connected with a second Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connection line (10 b), a second path contact (18 a) of the single-pole double-throw switch, a third coupling line short-circuit block (11 c) and a metal strip in sequence;
the four connecting points of the third parallel coupling line segment (9 a) are respectively connected with the second coupling line short-circuit block (11 b), the metal strip and the first Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connecting line (10 a) in sequence clockwise, and the rest end points are open;
four connection points of the fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b) are respectively connected with the metal strip, the second coupling line short-circuit block (11 d), the single-pole double-throw switch first passage contact (18 b) and the second rectangular connecting line (10 b) in sequence;
a main connection point (18 c) of the single-pole double-throw switch (18 d) is connected with the output T-shaped junction (17), a first branch node (18 b) of the switch is connected with a fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b), and a second branch node (18 a) of the switch is connected with a second parallel coupling line segment (8 b);
the first air metal bridge (21 a) and the fourth air metal bridge (21 d) are used for connecting the second metal grounding surface (19 b) and the first transition metal ground (12 a);
the second air metal bridge (21 b) and the third air metal bridge (21 c) are used for connecting the first metal grounding surface (19 a) and the first transition metal ground (12 a);
the fifth air metal bridge (21 e) and the eighth air metal bridge (21 h) are used for connecting the second metal grounding surface (19 b) and the third transition metal ground (13);
a sixth air metal bridge (21 f) and a seventh air metal bridge (21 g) are used for connecting the metal ground plane first metal ground plane (19 a) and the third transition metal ground (13);
a ninth air metal bridge (21 i) and a twelfth air metal bridge (21 l) for connecting the second metal ground plane (19 b) and the second transition metal ground (12 b);
a tenth air metal bridge (21 j) and an eleventh air metal bridge (21 k) are used to connect the first metal ground plane (19 a) and the second transition metal ground plane (12 b).
The single pole double throw switch (18 d) may be a MEMS, mechanical, PIN tube or FET tube; the four pairs of parallel coupling line segments can be linear distribution of uniform impedance, or miniaturized distribution of curves can be adopted, and have the same parity model characteristic impedance and the same electric length;
the first transition metal ground (12 a), the second transition metal ground (12 b) and the third transition metal ground (13) realize local common potential with the first metal ground plane (19 a) and the second metal ground plane (19 b) through air metal bridges, so that the more the number of the air metal bridges is, the better the requirement of sufficient grounding is met;
the first parallel coupling line segment group (8 a) and the third parallel coupling line segment group (9 a) are not coupled or are coupled so little as to be negligible; no coupling or negligible coupling between the second set of parallel coupling segments (8 b) and the fourth set of parallel coupling segments (9 b);
the first input matching short-circuited branch line (4 a) and the second input matching short-circuited branch line (4 b), the first output matching short-circuited branch line (15 a) and the second output matching short-circuited branch line (15 b) may be designed as a parallel connection of a plurality of transmission lines having the same electrical length to reduce the impedance.
In this embodiment, the center frequency of the phase shifter is 1.0GHz, and the input/output port impedance is 50Ohm, which is not limited in other cases.
In this embodiment, the impedance values of the input port (1) and the output port (2) are 50Ohm; the characteristic impedance of the input matching coplanar waveguide unit (3) and the characteristic impedance of the output matching coplanar waveguide unit (14) are 35.7Ohm, and the electrical length is 90 degrees at 1 GHz; the characteristic impedance of the first input matching short-circuit branch node line (5 a) and the second input matching short-circuit branch node line (5 b), the characteristic impedance of the first output matching short-circuit branch node line (15 a) and the characteristic impedance of the second input matching short-circuit branch node line (15 b) are 120.8Ohm, and the electrical length is 90 degrees at 1 GHz; the first set of parallel coupling line segments (8 a), the second set of parallel coupling line segments (8 b), the third set of parallel coupling line segments (9 a) and the fourth set of parallel coupling line segments (9 b) have an odd mode characteristic impedance of 24.1815 Ohm, an even mode characteristic impedance of 230.141Ohm and an electrical length of 90 ° at 1 GHz.
And carrying out analog simulation on the circuit schematic diagram by using ADS simulation software. According to the working state of the switch, when defining the state 1, a single-pole double-throw switch main node (18 c) is connected with a switch second branch node (18 b); in state 2, the main connection point (18 c) is connected to the switching first branch node (18 a). In state 1, the S-parameter curve obtained by simulation is shown in fig. 2. In the figure, the broken line S11 is the reflection coefficient, and the solid line S21 is the transmission coefficient. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the curve S21 exhibits good broadband transmission characteristics, the working bandwidth is 0.3-1.7GHz, the in-band reflection coefficient is close to-15 dB, and the matching is good; in state 2, the S-parameter curve obtained by simulation is shown in fig. 3. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient amplitude of the state 2 and the state 1 can be found to be identical, and the balance of amplitude transmission in different states during transmission of the structure is verified; fig. 4 shows the transmission phases in two states obtained by simulation, wherein the solid line is the transmission phase in state 1; the dashed line is the transmission phase at state 2. It can be observed that the phase difference is strictly 180 ° at any frequency point in both states.
The foregoing has outlined and described the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with the coplanar waveguide structure is characterized by comprising an input port, an output port, an input matching coplanar waveguide unit, an input matching short circuit branch line, an input matching short circuit branch short circuit block, an input cross-shaped junction, a connecting line, four pairs of parallel coupling line segments, two Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connecting lines, four coupling line short circuit blocks, three transition metal grounds, an output matching coplanar waveguide unit, an output matching short circuit branch line, an output matching short circuit branch short circuit block, an output T-shaped junction, four single-pole double-throw switches, two metal grounding surfaces, a dielectric substrate and twelve air metal bridges, wherein the input matching coplanar waveguide unit and the input matching short circuit branch line are electrically connected through the input cross-shaped structure, the input matching coplanar waveguide unit and the output matching short circuit branch line are electrically connected through the short circuit block and the metal floor, and the output matching coplanar waveguide unit and the output matching short circuit branch line are electrically connected through the output T-shaped structure; the four pairs of parallel coupling line segments have the same physical structure and are symmetrically divided into two groups, and space isolation is realized between the two groups by utilizing transition metal ground; the outer side coupling lines of each group of parallel coupling line segments are connected through a section of metal strip; the metal strips are physically isolated by utilizing transition metal, the four pairs of parallel coupling line segments are set to be first to fourth parallel coupling line segments, wherein four connection points of the first parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with a connecting line, a Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connecting line, the metal strips and a coupling line short-circuit block in sequence in a clockwise direction; the four connection points of the second parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with the rectangular connecting line, the second path contact of the single-pole double-throw switch, the coupling line short-circuit block and the metal strip in sequence in a clockwise manner; the four connecting points of the third parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with the coupling line short-circuit block, the metal strip and the Chinese character 'ji' -shaped connecting line in sequence clockwise, and the remaining one end point is open; four connection points of the fourth parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with a metal strip, a coupling line short circuit block, a first passage contact of a single-pole double-throw switch and a tee-shaped connection line in sequence in a clockwise mode, a main connection point of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the output T-shaped junction, two branch nodes of the switch are respectively connected with the two parallel coupling line segments, and the metal grounding surface and the transition metal ground are directly connected with the air metal bridge.
2. The low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure according to claim 1, wherein the input port, the output port, the input matching coplanar waveguide unit, the input matching stub node line, the input matching stub short-circuit block, the input cross-shaped junction, the connecting line, four pairs of parallel coupling line segments, two delta-shaped connecting lines, four coupling line short-circuit blocks, three transition metal grounds, the output matching coplanar waveguide unit, the output matching stub node line, the output matching stub short-circuit block, the output T-shaped junction, the four single-pole double-throw switches, the two metal ground planes, and twelve air metal bridges are all disposed on a dielectric substrate.
3. The low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure according to claim 2, wherein the single pole double throw switch is one of MEMS, mechanical, PIN tube or FET tube.
4. A low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure according to claim 3, wherein the four pairs of parallel coupled lines are linear distribution of uniform impedance or miniaturized distribution employing curves, the four pairs of parallel coupled lines having the same odd-even mode characteristic impedance and the same electrical length.
5. The low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure according to claim 4, wherein the transition metal ground is locally co-potential with the metal ground plane through an air metal bridge.
6. The low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure according to claim 5, wherein the input and output matched short circuit branch node lines have parallel connection of multiple transmission lines of the same electrical length to reduce impedance.
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