CN114744383A - Low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with coplanar waveguide structure - Google Patents
Low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with coplanar waveguide structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of phase shifters, in particular to a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with a coplanar waveguide structure, which can obtain the low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter by reasonably setting impedance values of all coplanar waveguide elements, wherein two phase states of the phase shifter are controlled by switching the connection state of a single-pole double-throw switch, transmission amplitude functions of the two phase states are completely the same, and the phase strictly differs by 180 degrees; because the number of the switches is halved, the insertion loss caused by the switches can be effectively reduced; the transmission function and the port reflection coefficient are completely the same under the working states of 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the amplitude processing of a subsequent circuit is not needed; the ultra-wideband antenna has the characteristic of ultra-wideband operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phase shifters, and particularly relates to a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with a coplanar waveguide structure.
Background
The phase shifter is an electronic component for regulating and controlling the phase of electromagnetic wave signals, and has a great deal of application in phase detectors, beam forming networks, power dividers, power amplifier linearization and phased array antennas. Key performance evaluation indexes of the phase shifter mainly comprise parameters such as insertion loss, switching speed, working frequency and relative working bandwidth.
In the architecture of the digitally controlled phase shifter, the phase shifting of the bit cells is achieved by switching between two transmission components with different guided wave strokes using a pair of single pole double throw switches. The wave path difference between the two transmission components is the corresponding phase shift quantity. In the microwave frequency band, the single-pole double-throw switch is mostly realized by a solid state integrated circuit. Due to the physical material limitations, the losses introduced by the switch itself in the microwave band are not negligible. Because each phase shift unit in the classic architecture comprises two independent switches, the insertion loss of the switches introduced by accumulation is very considerable. In all the phase shifting units, the phase shifting range of the 180-degree unit is the largest, the electromagnetic wave stroke of the embedded distributed structure is the longest, and the insertion loss of the transmission line is also the highest. In addition, the path length difference of signals transmitted in two phase states of 0 ° and 180 ° is large, so that the loss of the phase shifter is unbalanced in different phase states, and the operation of a circuit at the later stage is adversely affected. In summary, how to design and manufacture a broadband phase shifter with low loss and amplitude balance is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of microwave radio frequency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, large insertion loss and unbalanced state loss of the traditional switching phase shifter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with a coplanar waveguide structure, which has the following specific technical scheme:
an input port, an output port, an input matching coplanar waveguide unit, an input matching short-circuit branch line, an input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block, an input cross-shaped knot, a connecting line, four pairs of parallel coupling line sections, two zigzag connecting lines, four coupling line short-circuit blocks, three transition metal grounds, an input matching coplanar waveguide unit, an output matching short-circuit branch line, an output matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block, an output T-shaped knot, four single-pole double-throw switches, two metal ground planes and twelve air metal bridges are arranged on one dielectric substrate.
The invention is further improved, the input matching coplanar waveguide unit and the input matching short-circuit branch line are electrically connected through an input cross-shaped knot, the input matching short-circuit branch line is electrically connected with the metal floor through a short-circuit block, the output matching coplanar waveguide unit and the output matching short-circuit branch line are electrically connected through an output T-shaped knot, and the output matching short-circuit branch line is electrically connected with the metal floor through a short-circuit block; the physical structures of the four pairs of parallel coupling line sections are completely the same and symmetrically divided into two groups, and the two groups are isolated by using a transition metal ground; the outer coupling lines of each group of parallel coupling line segments are connected through a section of metal strip; the metal strips are physically isolated from each other by using a transition metal ground; setting four pairs of parallel coupling line segments as first to fourth parallel coupling line segments, wherein four connection points of the first parallel coupling line segment are respectively connected with the connecting line, the zigzag connecting line, the metal strip and the coupling line short circuit block in sequence clockwise; four connecting points of the second parallel coupling line section are respectively and sequentially connected with the connecting line in the shape of a Chinese character ji, the second path contact of the single-pole double-throw switch, the coupling line short circuit block and the metal strip in a clockwise mode; four connection points of the third parallel coupling line section are respectively and sequentially connected with the coupling line short circuit block, the metal strip and the n-shaped connecting line in a clockwise mode, and the rest end point is open-circuited; and four connection points of the fourth parallel coupling line section are respectively and sequentially connected with the metal strip, the coupling line short-circuit block, the single-pole double-throw switch first path contact and the n-shaped connecting line in a clockwise mode.
The invention further improves that the main connecting point of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the output T-shaped junction, and two branch nodes of the switch are respectively connected with two parallel coupling line sections; the metal ground plane and the transition metal ground are directly connected with an air metal bridge.
In a further improvement of the present invention, the single-pole double-throw switch is one of MEMS, mechanical, PIN or FET.
The invention further improves that four pairs of parallel coupling line sections are in linear distribution or in miniaturized distribution of curves with uniform impedance, and the four pairs of parallel coupling lines have the same odd-even mode characteristic impedance and the same electrical length.
The invention further improves that the transition metal ground realizes local common potential through the air metal bridge and the metal ground plane, and the more the number of the air metal bridges is, the better the requirement of full grounding is met.
The invention is further improved by connecting a plurality of transmission lines with the same electrical length in parallel on the input matching short-circuit branch line and the output matching short-circuit branch line so as to reduce the impedance.
By reasonably setting the impedance value of each coplanar waveguide element, the invention can obtain a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter, the two phase states of which are controlled by switching the connection state of a single-pole double-throw switch, the transmission amplitude functions of the two phase states are completely the same, and the phases are strictly different by 180 degrees.
Compared with the traditional phase shifter, the technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following technical effects: because the number of the switches is halved, the insertion loss caused by the switches can be effectively reduced; the transmission function and the port reflection coefficient are completely the same under the working states of 0 degree and 180 degrees, and the amplitude processing of a subsequent circuit is not needed; the ultra-wideband antenna has the characteristic of ultra-wideband operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the broadband transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient obtained by simulation in phase shifter state 1 of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the broadband transmission and reflection coefficients for phase shifter state 2 of example 1 obtained by simulation.
Fig. 4 is a transmission phase diagram of phase shifter state 1 and state 2 in embodiment example 1 obtained by simulation, wherein the solid line is the transmission phase at state 1; the dotted line is the transmission phase in state 2.
In the figure, 1-input port, 2-output port, 3-input matching coplanar waveguide unit, 4 a-first input matching short-circuit branch line, 4 b-second input matching short-circuit branch line, 5 a-first input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block, 5 b-second input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block, 6-input cross-shaped junction, 7-connecting line, 8 a-first parallel coupling line segment, 8 b-second parallel coupling line segment, 9 a-third parallel coupling line segment, 9 b-fourth parallel coupling line segment, 10 a-first zigzag connecting line, 10 b-second zigzag connecting line, 11 a-first coupling line short-circuit block, 11 b-second coupling line short-circuit block, 11 c-third coupling line short-circuit block, 11 d-fourth coupling line block, 12 a-first transition metal ground, 12 b-second transition metal ground, 13-third transition metal ground, 14-output matching coplanar waveguide unit, 15 a-first output matching short-circuit stub, 15 b-second output matching short-circuit stub, 16 a-first output matching short-circuit stub, 16 b-second output matching short-circuit stub, 17-output T-junction, 18 a-single-pole double-throw switch second path node, 18 b-single-pole double-throw switch first path node, 18 c-single-pole double-throw switch main node, 18 d-single-pole double-throw switch, 19 a-first metal ground plane, 19 b-second metal ground plane, 20-dielectric substrate, 21a … 21 l-first … twelfth air metal bridge.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter of a coplanar waveguide structure: the input matching coplanar waveguide unit comprises an input port (1), an output port (2) and an input matching coplanar waveguide unit (3), wherein two input matching short-circuit branch lines are set as a first input matching short-circuit branch line (4 a) and a second input matching short-circuit branch line (4 b), two input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit blocks are set as a first input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block (5 a) and a second input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block (5 b), an input cross-shaped junction (6), a connecting line (7), four pairs of parallel coupling line sections are set as a first parallel coupling line section (8 a), a second parallel coupling line section (8 b), a third parallel coupling line section (9 a) and a fourth parallel coupling line section (9 b), the two n-shaped connecting lines are set as a first n-shaped connecting line (10 a) and a second n-shaped connecting line (10 b), and the four coupling line short-circuit blocks are set as a first coupling line short-circuit block (11 a), A second coupling line short-circuit block (11 b), a third coupling line short-circuit block (11 c) and a fourth coupling line short-circuit block (11 d), three transition metal grounds are set as a first transition metal ground (12 a), a second transition metal ground (12 b) and a third transition metal ground (13), an output matching coplanar waveguide unit (14), two output matching short-circuit stubs are set as a first output matching short-circuit stub (15 a) and a second output matching short-circuit stub (15 b), two output matching short-circuit stubs are set as a first output matching short-circuit stub (16 a) and a second output matching short-circuit stub (16 b), an output T-shaped junction (17), four single-pole double-throw switches are set as a first single-pole double-throw switch (18a), a second single-pole double-throw switch (18b), a third single-pole double-throw switch (18c) and a fourth single-pole double-throw switch (18 d), two metal ground planes are set as a first metal ground plane (19 a) and a second metal ground plane (19 b), a dielectric substrate (20), and twelve air metal bridges are set as first to twelfth air metal bridges (21 a) to (21 l).
The input matching coplanar waveguide unit (3), the first input matching short-circuit branch line (4 a) and the second input matching short-circuit branch line (4 b) are electrically connected through an input cross-shaped junction (6); the first input matching short-circuit branch line (4 a) is electrically connected with the first metal floor (19 a) through a first short-circuit block (5 a); the second input matching short-circuit branch line (4 b) is electrically connected with a second metal floor (19 b) through a second short-circuit block (5 b); the output matching coplanar waveguide unit (14), the first output matching short-circuit branch line (15 a) and the first output matching short-circuit branch line (15 b) are electrically connected through a T-shaped junction (17); the first output matching short-circuit branch line (15 a) is electrically connected with the second metal floor (19 b) through a first short-circuit block (16 a); the second input matching short-circuit branch line (15 b) is electrically connected with the first metal floor (19 a) through a second short-circuit block (16 b).
The physical structures of the four pairs of parallel coupling line segments are completely the same and symmetrically divided into two groups, wherein the first parallel coupling line segment (8 a) and the third parallel coupling line segment (9 a) form one group, the second parallel coupling line segment (8 b) and the fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b) form the other group, and the two groups are separated by a third transition metal ground (13); the first parallel coupling line segment (8 a) and the third parallel coupling line segment (9 a) are isolated in space by a first transition metal ground (12 a); space isolation is realized between the second parallel coupling line segment (8 b) and the fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b) by using a second transition metal ground (12 b); the outer coupling lines of the first parallel coupling line segment (8 a) and the second parallel coupling line segment (8 b) are connected through a section of metal strip; the outer coupling lines of the second parallel coupling line segment (9 a) and the fourth parallel coupling line segment (9 b) are connected through a section of metal strip; the two metal strips are physically separated by a third transition metal ground (13).
Four connection points of the first parallel coupling line section (8 a) are respectively and clockwise connected with the connecting line (7), the first zigzag connecting line (10 a), the metal strip and the first coupling line short-circuit block (11 a) in sequence;
four connection points of the second parallel coupling line section (8 b) are respectively and clockwise connected with a second zigzag connection line (10 b), a single-pole double-throw switch second path contact (18a), a third coupling line short-circuit block (11 c) and a metal strip in sequence;
four connection points of a third parallel coupling line section (9 a) are respectively connected with a second coupling line short-circuit block (11 b), a metal strip and a first zigzag connecting line (10 a) clockwise in sequence, and the remaining end point is open-circuited;
four connection points of a fourth parallel coupling line section (9 b) are respectively connected with the metal strip, the second coupling line short-circuit block (11 d), the single-pole double-throw switch first path contact (18b) and the second zigzag connecting line (10 b) in sequence clockwise;
a main connection point (18c) of the single-pole double-throw switch (18 d) is connected with the output T-shaped junction (17), a first branch node (18b) of the switch is connected with the fourth parallel coupling line section (9 b), and a second branch node (18a) of the switch is connected with the second parallel coupling line section (8 b);
the first air metal bridge (21 a) and the fourth air metal bridge (21 d) are used for connecting the second metal grounding surface (19 b) and the first transition metal ground (12 a);
the second air metal bridge (21 b) and the third air metal bridge (21 c) are used for connecting the first metal grounding surface (19 a) and the first transition metal ground (12 a);
the fifth air metal bridge (21 e) and the eighth air metal bridge (21 h) are used for connecting the second metal grounding surface (19 b) and the third transition metal ground (13);
the sixth air metal bridge (21 f) and the seventh air metal bridge (21 g) are used for connecting the metal grounding surface first metal grounding surface (19 a) and the third transition metal ground (13);
the ninth air metal bridge (21 i) and the twelfth air metal bridge (21 l) are used for connecting the second metal grounding surface (19 b) and the second transition metal ground (12 b);
the tenth air metal bridge (21 j) and the eleventh air metal bridge (21 k) are used for connecting the first metal grounding surface (19 a) and the second transition metal ground (12 b).
The single-pole double-throw switch (18 d) can be a MEMS, mechanical, PIN or FET tube; the four pairs of parallel coupling line segments can be in linear distribution of uniform impedance, can also adopt miniaturized distribution of curves, and have the same odd-even mode characteristic impedance and the same electrical length;
the first transition metal ground (12 a), the second transition metal ground (12 b) and the third transition metal ground (13) realize local common potential with the first metal grounding surface (19 a) and the second metal grounding surface (19 b) through air metal bridges, and in order to meet the requirement of sufficient grounding, the more the number of the air metal bridges is, the better the number is;
set of parallel coupling line segments there is no or negligible coupling between the first set of parallel coupling line segments (8 a) and the third set of parallel coupling line segments (9 a); no coupling or coupling as small as negligible is present between the second set of parallel coupled line segments (8 b) and the fourth set of parallel coupled line segments (9 b);
the first input matching short stub line (4 a) and the second input matching short stub line (4 b), the first output matching short stub line (15 a) and the second output matching short stub line (15 b) may be designed as a parallel connection of a plurality of transmission lines having the same electrical length to reduce impedance.
In the present embodiment, the center frequency of the phase shifter is 1.0GHz, and the input/output port impedance is 50Ohm, which are not limited otherwise.
In the embodiment, the impedance values of the input port (1) and the output port (2) are 50 Ohm; the characteristic impedance value of the input matching coplanar waveguide unit (3) and the output matching coplanar waveguide unit (14) is 35.7Ohm, and the electrical length is 90 degrees at 1 GHz; the characteristic impedance value of the first input matching short-circuit branch line (5 a), the second input matching short-circuit branch line (5 b), the first output matching short-circuit branch line (15 a) and the second input matching short-circuit branch line (15 b) is 120.8Ohm, and the electrical length is 90 degrees at 1 GHz; the first parallel coupling line segment group (8 a), the second parallel coupling line segment group (8 b), the third parallel coupling line segment group (9 a) and the fourth parallel coupling line segment group (9 b) have an odd mode characteristic impedance of 24.1815 Ohm, an even mode characteristic impedance of 230.141Ohm, and an electrical length of 90 ° at 1 GHz.
And performing analog simulation on the circuit schematic diagram by using ADS simulation software. According to the working state of the switch, when the state 1 is defined, the main node (18c) of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the second branch node (18b) of the switch; in state 2, the main junction (18c) is connected to the first branch node (18a) of the switch. In state 1, the simulated S-parameter curve is shown in fig. 2. The broken line in the figure is S11, i.e., the reflection coefficient, and the solid line S21 is the transmission coefficient. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the curve S21 shows good broadband transmission characteristics, the working bandwidth is 0.3-1.7GHz, the in-band reflection coefficient is close to-15 dB, and the matching is good; in state 2, the simulated S-parameter curve is shown in fig. 3. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient amplitudes of the state 2 and the state 1 are completely the same, and the balance of amplitude transmission in different states during transmission of the structure is verified; FIG. 4 shows the transmission phase in two states obtained by simulation, wherein the solid line shows the transmission phase in state 1; the dotted line is the transmission phase in state 2. It can be observed that the phase difference is strictly 180 ° at any frequency point in both states.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter with the coplanar waveguide structure is characterized by comprising an input port, an output port, an input matching coplanar waveguide unit, an input matching short-circuit branch line, an input matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block, an input cross-shaped junction, a connecting line, four pairs of parallel coupling line sections, two zigzag connecting lines, four coupling line short-circuit blocks, three transition metal grounds, an input matching coplanar waveguide unit, an output matching short-circuit branch line, an output matching short-circuit branch short-circuit block, an output T-shaped junction, four single-pole double-throw switches, two metal ground planes, a dielectric substrate and twelve air metal bridges.
2. The low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as defined in claim 1, wherein the input matching coplanar waveguide unit and the input matching short-circuited stub are electrically connected through an input cross, the input matching short-circuited stub is electrically connected to the metal floor through a short-circuiting block, the output matching coplanar waveguide unit and the output matching short-circuited stub are electrically connected through an output T-shaped stub, and the output matching short-circuited stub is electrically connected to the metal floor through a short-circuiting block; the four pairs of parallel coupling line sections have the same physical structure and are symmetrically divided into two groups, and the two groups are isolated by using a transition metal ground; the outer coupling lines of each group of parallel coupling line segments are connected through a section of metal strip; the metal strips are physically separated by transition metal.
3. A low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as defined in claim 2 wherein said four pairs of parallel coupling line segments are set as first to fourth parallel coupling line segments wherein four connection points of said first parallel coupling line segment are connected in sequence clockwise with connection line, zigzag connection line, metal strip and coupling line short-circuiting block, respectively; the four connection points of the second parallel coupling line section are respectively and sequentially connected with the connecting line in the shape of a Chinese character ji, the second path contact of the single-pole double-throw switch, the coupling line short circuit block and the metal strip in a clockwise mode; four connection points of the third parallel coupling line section are respectively and sequentially connected with the coupling line short circuit block, the metal strip and the n-shaped connecting line in a clockwise mode, and the rest end point is open-circuited; and four connection points of the fourth parallel coupling line section are respectively and sequentially connected with the metal strip, the coupling line short-circuit block, the single-pole double-throw switch first path contact and the n-shaped connecting line in a clockwise manner.
4. A low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter in a coplanar waveguide structure as defined by claim 3 wherein the main junction of the single pole double throw switch is connected to the output T junction and the two branch nodes of the switch are connected to two parallel coupling line segments respectively.
5. A low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as defined by claim 4 wherein said air-metal bridge is directly connected to said metal ground plane and transition metal ground.
6. The low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as defined in any one of claims 1-5 wherein the input port, output port, input matching coplanar waveguide unit, input matching short-circuit stub short-circuit block, input cross-shaped junction, connecting line, four pairs of parallel coupling line segments, two zigzag connecting lines, four coupling line short-circuit blocks, three transition metal lands, input matching coplanar waveguide unit, output matching short-circuit stub short-circuit block, output T-shaped junction, four single-pole double throw switches, two metal ground planes, twelve air metal bridges are all disposed on one dielectric substrate.
7. A low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as defined by claim 6 wherein the single pole double throw switch is one of MEMS, mechanical, PIN or FET.
8. A low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as defined by claim 7 wherein the four pairs of parallel coupled line segments are linear distributions of uniform impedance or miniaturized distributions using curves, the four pairs of parallel coupled lines having the same odd-even mode characteristic impedance and the same electrical length.
9. A low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as described in claim 8 wherein said transition metal ground achieves local common potential with metal ground plane through air metal bridge.
10. A low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter of coplanar waveguide structure as defined by claim 9 wherein the input matching short stub, output matching short stub have parallel connection of multiple transmission lines of the same electrical length to reduce impedance.
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