CN114744298A - Lead storage battery container formation and matching method - Google Patents
Lead storage battery container formation and matching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114744298A CN114744298A CN202210404740.6A CN202210404740A CN114744298A CN 114744298 A CN114744298 A CN 114744298A CN 202210404740 A CN202210404740 A CN 202210404740A CN 114744298 A CN114744298 A CN 114744298A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lead storage battery container formation and matching method which comprises a charge-discharge stage, a capacity inspection stage and a recharging stage. In the capacity detection stage, the current is firstly 0.5C2And carrying out constant-time or constant-voltage discharge in ampere, recording an end voltage value as voltage 1, then discharging to an average voltage of 7.2V by using a smaller current, recording an end voltage value as voltage 2, rejecting unqualified storage batteries by using the voltage 1 as an index, grading for the first time, matching the storage batteries after grading by using the voltage 2, and ensuring that the difference value of open-circuit voltages of the storage batteries in the same group is not more than 20 mV. By the matching method, the voltage after low-current discharge is further graded, the similarity of the material structure of the storage battery is further subdivided, the storage batteries with defects are removed, the accuracy and consistency of matching the storage batteries are improved, and the service life of the storage battery pack is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lead storage battery production, in particular to a lead storage battery container formation and matching method.
Background
The lead accumulator is a widely used chemical power source, and has the advantages of good reversibility, stable voltage characteristic, long service life, wide application range, abundant raw materials, renewable use, low cost and the like. In recent years, with the growing awareness of environmental protection and the growing energy problem, lead storage batteries have played an extremely important role as a power source in electric vehicle systems.
The capacity of the storage battery is mainly limited by the minimum value of the positive electrode material quality, the negative electrode material quality and the sulfuric acid quality, the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are both in a porous structure, and in the charging and discharging process, sulfuric acid enters material pores through the porous structure to react, so that charging and discharging are realized. However, after the battery is taken off line from the manufacturing of the polar plate to the formation charging, the control of each process can affect the weight and the structure of the material, especially the manufacturing and the acidification formation of the polar plate, the coating process in the polar plate manufacturing affects the paste coating amount, the curing and the drying affect the material composition and the structure, and the acidification formation mainly affects the material structure and the acid content.
The capacity of a single lead storage battery is generally small, and in practical use, a plurality of lead storage batteries are generally used as a group in series, and the consistency between the batteries in the same group affects the performance and the service life of the whole group of batteries.
How to improve the consistency of matching groups is one of the keys for improving the consistency of the storage battery pack.
For example, the invention with the publication number of CN111416164A discloses a storage battery container formation matching method, wherein during capacity detection discharge, the discharge is below 10.3V/container; and during grouping, the discharge time required when the discharge of each battery reaches 10.3V is reviewed, grading is carried out according to the discharge time, and a plurality of batteries in the same grade are taken to be matched into a group. The storage battery container formation group matching method provided by the invention discharges to below 10.3V/cell during capacity check discharging, and then returns the discharging time required when the capacity check discharging of each battery reaches 10.3V during group matching, so that the capacities of all batteries can be basically ensured to be completely discharged to be terminated and screened, the screening range is improved, and the one-time discharging qualification rate and the group matching rate are improved.
For another example, the invention with the publication number of CN106972212A discloses an internal formation and matching method for lead storage batteries, wherein in the capacity detection discharge stage in the internal formation, the constant-time or constant-voltage discharge is performed with the current of 1-3C amperes, and the termination voltage value is recorded as voltage 1; discharging with current of 0.5C ampere to average voltage of 10.2-10.5V, recording the end voltage value as voltage 2, and controlling the discharge capacity at 1.0-1.1C ampere-hour in the capacity check discharge stage; after the internal formation is finished, the storage battery is off-line, and open-circuit voltage is detected after standing; the unqualified storage batteries are removed by taking the voltage 1 as an index, and the storage batteries are classified by the voltage 2 and then grouped, and the open-circuit voltage difference value of the storage batteries in the same group is not more than 20 mV. The internal formation and matching method for the lead storage battery can effectively remove the defective storage battery, improve the accuracy and consistency of battery matching, and prolong the service life of the storage battery.
However, the above-mentioned prior art grading method is still rough, and the difference between different batteries in the same group is still large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a lead storage battery container formation and matching method, which subdivides the similarity of the material structure of the storage battery by further grading the voltage after low-current deep discharge, thereby prolonging the service life of the storage battery.
A lead storage battery container formation and matching method comprises a charge-discharge stage, a capacity detection discharge stage, a residual acid treatment stage and a recharge stage, wherein in the capacity detection discharge stage, a plurality of storage batteries are connected in series, and the current is firstly 0.5C2Discharging at constant time or constant voltage in ampere, recording the end voltage value of each accumulator as V1, and applying current of 0.1C2~0.3C2Ampere discharge to averageThe voltage is 7.2V, the end voltage value of each storage battery is recorded as V2, and the discharge capacity is controlled to be 1.1C in the capacity detection discharge stage2~1.3C2Ampere hour;
the matching group comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the average value of the batteries V1 to be matched, and rejecting the batteries V1 which are 0.97 times smaller than the average value;
(2) firstly, performing primary grading by using a storage battery V1, and then performing secondary grading according to a V2 value, wherein the voltage difference value of the same gear is not more than 100 mV;
(3) measuring the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery after the formation is finished and standing for a period of time;
(4) and (4) configuring the storage batteries with the maximum difference value of the open-circuit voltages of not more than 20mV in the same gear into a group.
The first grading is divided into 4-6 grades according to the size of the termination voltage value V1, and the difference value of the termination voltage values of the lead storage batteries divided into the same grade is 0.1-0.21V.
The lead storage battery container formation and matching method adopts 0.5C current2When the ampere is discharged for a certain time, 100-110% of the rated capacity is discharged.
The rated capacity is a nominal capacity of the lead-acid battery, and a desired value of discharged capacity is set when the lead-acid battery is discharged to 10.5V, and the capacity actually discharged by the lead-acid battery exceeds the rated capacity when the lead-acid battery is discharged deeply (for example, discharged to 7.2V). C2C represents the rated capacity at two-hour rate of the battery and the magnitude of current during charging and discharging2When the ampere is multiple, C is2Only a few values are taken, and the unit of the current is ampere.
The lead storage battery internal formation and matching method adopts a current of 0.5C2When ampere is used for constant-voltage discharge, the constant-voltage discharge is carried out until the voltage of a single battery is 7.2V-9.6V.
Firstly, the storage battery is made to adopt 0.5C2Discharging to 100-110% of rated capacity or discharging to 7.2-9.6V of single battery voltage, and then charging with 0.1C current2~0.3C2Ampere discharge to 7.2V average voltage, it is obvious to deeply discharge the battery, completely discharge the battery capacity, adopt smallThe current is overdischarged, and at the moment, whether the transmission of sulfuric acid in the positive and negative electrode material structures and the partition plates in the pore structures is smooth or consistent or not is reacted, so that whether the materials of the batteries are similar or not is reacted, the reaction is directly reacted on the discharge voltage of the overdischarge, and the service life of the battery pack is obviously prolonged after secondary grading is carried out on the discharge voltage.
The lead storage battery internal formation and matching method comprises the following steps of:
(1) a line inspection stage: with a current of 0.01C2~0.015C2Charging for 2-5 min at constant current of ampere;
(2) a standing stage: standing for 0.5-1.5 h;
(3) a first charging stage: at a current of 0.15C2~0.18C2The ampere charging is carried out for 22-27 h, and the charging capacity at the stage is controlled to be 3.8C2~4.9C2Ampere hour;
(4) a first discharge stage: at a current of 0.5C2Ampere discharge for 1h and discharge capacity of 0.5C2Ampere hour;
(5) a second charging stage: at a current of 0.2C2~0.25C2Charging with an ampere for 2-3 h, and then charging with a current of 0.15C2~0.18C2Charging at 18-22 h with Ampere, and controlling the charging capacity at 3.2C2~4C2And (7) Anshi.
Preferably, the recharging phase comprises the following steps: at a current of 0.2C2~0.25C2Charging with an ampere for 2-3 h, and then charging with a current of 0.15C2~0.18C2Charging at an ampere for 10-12 h, and controlling the charging capacity at the stage to be 2.2C2~2.7C2And (7) Anshi.
Preferably, the temperature of the battery electrolyte in the internal formation process is controlled to be 30-45 ℃.
Preferably, the standing time before detecting the open circuit voltage is 24 h.
According to the matching method, the voltage after low-current deep discharge is further graded, the similarity of the material structure of the storage battery is further subdivided, the storage batteries with defects are further removed, the accuracy and consistency of matching of the storage batteries are improved, and the service life of the storage battery pack is prolonged.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The same batch of semi-finished 6-DZF-20 batteries (the same plate batch process) adopt the internal formation process of the invention, one process forms 3-loop batteries (54 batteries in total), and the total formation electric quantity is 211 Ah. Firstly, 0.5C2After the abnormal batteries are removed by A current discharge capacity detection, the first grading is carried out, and then 0.1C is used2And grading the capacitance detection voltage. Simultaneously with only 0.5C2And grading the capacitance detection voltage to perform comparison test.
The formation process is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The capacitance detection voltage is as follows:
voltage 1: 0.5C2Discharging the current A to the average voltage of 10.1V or the voltage at 120 minutes of discharging;
voltage 2: 0.1C2The a current was discharged to an average voltage of 7.2V or a voltage of 160 minutes.
The values of voltage 1 and voltage 2 for the 54 cells are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Calculating the average voltage of the voltage 1 to be 10.106V, setting the lower limit value to be 9.803V by 3% deviation, and eliminating 8 batteries (deleting lines and thickening positions) of the battery with the voltage 1 lower than 9.803V, firstly grading the 8 batteries by using the voltage 1, and then carrying out the subsequent group matching process by using the voltage 2; meanwhile, the comparative test is carried out on the matching result with the voltage 1 as the condition.
Grading with voltage 1 alone as grouping condition: the lead storage batteries are divided into 6 grades according to the size of the termination voltage value V1, the difference value of the termination voltage values of the lead storage batteries divided into the same grade is 0.099-0.195V, the difference value of the voltage values of the grades is gradually reduced from the low grade to the high grade, the voltage difference values of the 1-5 grades are all 0.099V, and the maximum voltage difference value of the 6 grades (low voltage grades) is 0.195V. The results of the grading are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
According to the above-mentioned grading conditions, taking 2 grades as an example, the gear has 12 batteries (the bold places are italics), and it can be seen that the voltage 2 of the 12 batteries is 6.190V at the lowest, 7.850V at the highest, the difference is 1660mV, the difference is obvious, and if secondary grading is not carried out, the consistency of the batteries is poor.
And (3) selecting 2 and 3 batteries to carry out a group matching test respectively, standing for 24 hours after the batteries are turned off, and matching the batteries with open-circuit voltage OCV (within 20 mV).
Matching group identification: the voltage 1+2 is divided into stages by the voltage 1 and then matched with the voltage 2; the voltage 1 is obtained by grouping only the voltage 1, each group is 2 groups by each grouping mode, and each group has 4 batteries, which is specifically shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
The cycle life test of each group of 2 batteries is carried out, and the result is shown in table 5, the mode of matching by adopting the voltage 1+2 has obvious advantages compared with the conventional mode of matching by only using the voltage 1, the discharge voltage consistency of each battery of the battery group is obviously improved in the battery cycle process, and the capacity platform is higher. By the matching method, the service life of the whole battery pack is improved by more than 15%.
TABLE 5
Example 2
The same batch of semi-finished 6-DZF-20 batteries (the same plate batch process) adopt the internal formation process of the invention, one process forms 3-loop batteries (54 batteries in total), and the total formation electric quantity is 218 Ah. Firstly, the temperature is 0.5C2After the abnormal batteries are removed by A current discharge capacity detection, the first grading is carried out, and then 0.2C is used2And grading the capacitance detection voltage. Simultaneously with only 0.5C2And grading the capacitance detection voltage to perform comparison test.
The formation process is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6
The capacitance detection voltage is as follows:
voltage 1: 0.5C2Discharging the current A to the average voltage of 10.1V or the voltage at 120 minutes of discharging;
voltage 2: 0.2C2The a current was discharged to an average voltage of 7.2V or a voltage of 35 minutes of discharge.
The values of voltage 1 and voltage 2 for the 54 cells are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7
Calculating the average voltage of the voltage 1 to be 10.098V, setting the lower limit value to be 9.795V by 3% deviation, and setting the lower limit value to be 9.795V, wherein the voltage 1 of the battery is lower than 9.795V and comprises 7 batteries (lines are deleted and thickened), after the 7 batteries are removed, firstly performing first grading by using the voltage 1, and then performing subsequent grouping process by using the voltage 2; meanwhile, the comparative test is carried out on the matching result with the voltage 1 as the condition.
Grading with voltage 1 alone as grouping condition: the lead storage batteries are divided into 5 grades according to the size of the termination voltage value V1, the difference value of the termination voltage values of the lead storage batteries divided into the same grade is 0.099-0.203V, the difference value of the voltage values of the grades is gradually reduced from a low grade to a high grade, the voltage difference values of the grades 1-2 are all 0.099V, the voltage difference values of the grades 3-4 are all 0.149V, and the maximum voltage difference value of the grade 5 (low voltage grade) is 0.203V. The results of the grading are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8
According to the above-mentioned grading conditions, taking 4 grades as an example, the gear has 21 batteries (with bold italic), and it can be seen that the voltage 2 of the 21 batteries is 6.176V at the lowest, 7.956V at the highest, the difference is 1780mV, the difference is obvious, and if secondary grading is not carried out, the consistency of the batteries is poor.
And selecting 4-gear batteries to perform respective matching tests, standing for 24 hours after the batteries are formed into an offline state, and matching with open-circuit voltage OCV (within 20 mV).
Matching group identification: the voltage 1+2 is divided into stages by the voltage 1 and then matched by the voltage 2; voltage 1 was grouped by voltage 1 alone, 2 groups for each grouping, and 4 cells for each group, as shown in table 9.
TABLE 9
The cycle life test of each group of 2 batteries is carried out, and the result is shown in table 10, the mode of matching by adopting the voltage 1+2 has obvious advantages compared with the conventional mode of matching by only using the voltage 1, the discharge voltage consistency of each battery of the battery group is obviously improved in the battery cycle process, and the capacity platform is higher. By the matching method, the service life of the whole battery pack is improved by more than 15%.
Watch 10
Example 3
The same batch of semi-finished 6-DZF-20 batteries (the same plate batch process) adopt the internal formation process of the invention, one process forms 3-loop batteries (54 batteries in total), and the total formation electric quantity is 206 Ah. Firstly, 0.5C2After the abnormal batteries are removed by A current discharge capacity detection, the first grading is carried out, and then 0.3C is used2And grading the capacitance detection voltage. Simultaneously with only 0.5C2And grading the capacitance detection voltage to perform comparison test.
The formation process is shown in table 11.
TABLE 11
The capacitance detection voltage is as follows:
voltage 1: 0.5C2Discharging the current A to the average voltage of 10.1V or the voltage at 120 minutes of discharging;
voltage 2: 0.3C2The a current was discharged to an average voltage of 7.2V or a voltage of 18 minutes.
The values of voltage 1 and voltage 2 for the 54 cells are shown in table 12.
TABLE 12
Calculating the average voltage of the voltage 1 to be 10.102V, setting the lower limit value to be 9.8V by 3% deviation, and eliminating 6 batteries (deleting lines and thickening positions) with the voltage 1 lower than 9.8V, firstly grading the 6 batteries by using the voltage 1, and then carrying out the subsequent group matching process by using the voltage 2; meanwhile, the comparative test is carried out on the matching result with the voltage 1 as the condition.
Grading with voltage 1 alone as grouping condition: the lead storage batteries are divided into 4 grades according to the size of the termination voltage value V1, the difference of the termination voltage values of the lead storage batteries divided into the same grade is 0.149-0.189V, the difference of the voltage values of the grades is gradually reduced from the low grade to the high grade, the difference of the voltage value of the 1 grade is 0.149V, the difference of the voltage value of the 2 grade is 0.169V, the difference of the voltage value of the 3 grade is 0.179V, and the difference of the voltage value of the 4 grade (low-voltage grade) is 0.189V. The results of the grading are shown in Table 13.
Watch 13
According to the above-mentioned grading conditions, taking 3 grades as an example, the gear has 25 batteries (with bold italic), and it can be seen that the voltage 2 of the 25 batteries is 6.144V at the lowest, 7.585V at the highest, the difference is 1441mV, the difference is obvious, and if no secondary grading is carried out, the consistency of the batteries is poor.
And selecting 3 grades of batteries to carry out respective matching tests, standing for 24 hours after the batteries are turned off, and matching with open-circuit voltage OCV (within 20 mV).
Matching group identification: the voltage 1+2 is divided into stages by the voltage 1 and then matched with the voltage 2; voltage 1 was grouped by voltage 1 alone, 2 groups for each grouping, and 4 cells for each group, as shown in table 14.
TABLE 14
Watch 15
The cycle life test of each group of 2 batteries is performed, and the result is shown in table 15, the mode of matching by adopting the voltage 1+2 has obvious advantages compared with the conventional mode of matching by only using the voltage 1, the discharge voltage consistency of each battery of the battery pack is obviously improved in the battery cycle process, and the capacity platform is higher. By the matching method, the service life of the whole battery pack is improved by more than 15%.
Claims (8)
1. The lead storage battery container formation and matching method comprises a charge-discharge stage, a capacity detection discharge stage and a recharge stage, and is characterized in that in the capacity detection discharge stage, a plurality of storage batteries are connected in series, and the current is firstly 0.5C2Discharging at constant time or constant voltage in ampere, recording the end voltage value of each accumulator as V1, and applying current of 0.1C2~0.3C2Discharging to average voltage of 7.2V, recording the end voltage value of each storage battery as V2, and controlling the discharge capacity at 1.1C in the discharge stage of capacity detection2~1.3C2Ampere hour;
the matching group comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the average value of the batteries V1 to be matched, and rejecting the batteries V1 which are 0.97 times smaller than the average value;
(2) firstly, performing primary grading by using a storage battery V1, and then performing secondary grading according to a V2 value, wherein the voltage difference value of the same gear is not more than 100mV during secondary grading;
(3) measuring the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery after the formation in the storage battery is finished and standing for a period of time;
(4) and (4) allocating the storage batteries with the maximum open-circuit voltage difference not more than 20mV in the same gear into a group.
2. The lead storage battery internal formation and grouping method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first grading, the lead storage batteries are classified into 4-6 grades according to the size of the termination voltage value V1, and the difference of the termination voltage values of the lead storage batteries classified into the same grade is 0.1-0.21V.
3. The lead-acid battery internalization and grouping method according to claim 1, whereinAt a current of 0.5C2When the ampere is discharged for a certain time, 100-110% of the rated capacity is discharged.
4. The lead storage battery internal formation and matching method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the current is 0.5C2When ampere is used for constant-voltage discharge, the constant-voltage discharge is carried out until the voltage of a single battery is 7.2V-9.6V.
5. The lead storage battery internalization and grouping method according to claim 1, wherein the internalization charge-discharge phase comprises the following steps:
(1) a line inspection stage: with a current of 0.01C2~0.015C2Charging for 2-5 min at constant current of ampere;
(2) a standing stage: standing for 0.5-1.5 h;
(3) a first charging stage: at a current of 0.15C2~0.18C2The ampere charging is carried out for 22-27 h, and the charging capacity at the stage is controlled to be 3.8C24.9C ampere-hour;
(4) a first discharge stage: at a current of 0.5C2Ampere discharge for 1h and discharge capacity of 0.5C2Ampere hour;
(5) and a second charging stage: at a current of 0.2C2~0.25C2Charging with an ampere for 2-3 h, and then charging with a current of 0.15C2~0.18C2The ampere charging is carried out for 18-22 h, and the charging capacity at the stage is controlled to be 3.2C2~4C2And (7) Anshi.
6. The lead-acid battery internalization and grouping method according to claim 1, wherein said recharge phase comprises the steps of: at a current of 0.2C2~0.25C2Charging with an ampere for 2-3 h, and then charging with a current of 0.15C2~0.18C2Charging at an ampere for 10-12 h, and controlling the charging capacity at the stage to be 2.2C2~2.7C2And (7) Anshi.
7. The lead storage battery internal formation and matching method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of battery electrolyte in the internal formation process is controlled to be 30-45 ℃.
8. The lead-acid battery internalization and grouping method according to claim 1, wherein the standing time before the open-circuit voltage is detected is 24 h.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115007503A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-06 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Battery cell sorting method, device, equipment and storage medium |
CN116243179A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-06-09 | 上海泰矽微电子有限公司 | Battery discharge voltage processing method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115007503A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-06 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Battery cell sorting method, device, equipment and storage medium |
CN115007503B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-07-28 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Cell sorting method, device, equipment and storage medium |
CN116243179A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-06-09 | 上海泰矽微电子有限公司 | Battery discharge voltage processing method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
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