CN112103570A - Power battery matching process - Google Patents
Power battery matching process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112103570A CN112103570A CN201910473981.4A CN201910473981A CN112103570A CN 112103570 A CN112103570 A CN 112103570A CN 201910473981 A CN201910473981 A CN 201910473981A CN 112103570 A CN112103570 A CN 112103570A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a power battery matching process which comprises capacity grading, internal resistance grading, battery aging, K value grading, matching and parallel connection balance voltage. After capacity grading, standing for time t1OCV1 was tested; standing for time t at the temperature of 45-55 DEG C2Test OCV2, K value = (OCV 1-OCV 2)/t2. Taking the mean value mu of K value calculated by 50-100 PCS batteriesKAnd total standard deviation σKK value range criterion is muK‑3*σK～μK+3*σK(ii) a Dividing the battery into I, II and III … … n grades according to K value, matching the battery with internal resistance and capacity, connecting balance voltage in parallel, and making the battery pack pressure difference<0.5 mV. In each cell of the battery pack thus configuredThe indexes of resistance, capacity and self-discharge performance are approximately the same, the self-discharge rates of all batteries of the battery pack are similar, the voltage drops are synchronous, the consistency of matching is improved, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a power battery matching process.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are currently the most widely used energy source. In the existing battery application, in order to meet the power requirement, the single batteries need to be connected in series, in parallel and the like to form a battery pack. In theory, the cells in the assembled battery are as consistent as possible, including the rated capacity, charge and discharge voltage, internal resistance, etc. of the cells. However, due to the precision of production equipment, material characteristics, manufacturing environment differences, process uniformity and the like, the performance of the battery cells cannot be completely consistent. Therefore, the unit batteries need to be assembled before the battery pack is assembled. The quality of the grouping technology determines the performance of the battery pack, and the traditional grouping method generally considers the grouping of the parameters of the battery, such as capacity, voltage, internal resistance and the like.
Along with the lapse of time, the voltage drop speed of each electric core of a part of battery packs is different, and the voltage drop of each electric core in the battery packs is large, but the voltage drop of each single electric core meets the process requirements, so that the charging and discharging management system cannot work normally, or the battery packs have poor cycle performance due to too large voltage drop.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power battery matching process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, capacity grading: charging and discharging the power battery according to a set multiplying power by using a grading cabinet, testing the battery capacity, and grading the capacity according to a set capacity range;
s2, standing the battery: aging the battery at room temperature for 12-24 h, and recording as t1；
S3, testing the open-circuit voltage and the internal resistance of the battery by using a voltage internal resistance tester, wherein the voltage is recorded as OCV1, and the internal resistance is recorded as R1;
s4, high-temperature aging: the aging temperature is 45-55 ℃, the aging time is 48-96 h, and is marked as t2Testing the open-circuit voltage value of the battery after high-temperature aging, and recording as OCV 2;
s5, calculating a K value: k value = (OCV 1-OCV 2)/t2Calculating the K value of 50-100 PCS batteries, and calculating the mean value mu of the K valueKCalculating the standard deviation sigma of the K valueK，The K value range standard of the battery is muK-3*σK～μK+3*σK(ii) a Judging that the K value is more than or equal to muK+3*σKDegradation treatment;
s6, setting the K value as muK-3*σK～μK+3*σKThe battery is divided into I, II and III … … n grades according to the K value;
s7, combining the internal resistance and capacity of the battery to make a group;
and S8, voltage is balanced in parallel connection, the positive electrodes of all the batteries are communicated with the battery in the same group by adopting a lead, the negative electrodes of all the batteries are communicated, and finally the differential pressure of the battery pack is less than 0.5 mV.
In the step S1, the charge-discharge multiplying power is 0.2-1.0C, the last charge is constant-current constant-voltage charge, the cutoff current is 0.01C, and the voltage difference of the lower battery cabinet is within 20 mV.
Wherein, the capacity difference of the battery classified by the capacity range in the step S1 is < 0.01C.
Wherein the temperature of the battery standing in the step S2 is 20-30 ℃.
Wherein, the voltage precision of the voltage internal resistance tester adopted in the steps S3 and S4 is higher than 0.1mV, and the internal resistance precision is higher than 0.1m omega.
In step S5, the average value of the K values is calculated, and the upper and lower control limit values are calculated by using statistical software.
Wherein the step of S6 is to classify the K value as μK-3*σK～μK+3*σKThe average is divided into n grades, where the minimum LSL is muK-3*σKMaximum USL of μK+3*σK。
Wherein, the grouping in step S7 is performed according to the following rules:
(1) the battery is divided into … … n grades according to the K value, wherein n takes 2-10 values;
(2) sorting the batteries with the same K value grade according to the internal resistance R;
(3) for the batteries with the same K value and the same level, the internal resistances R are ranked according to the descending of the capacity C;
(4) and forming a group of batteries with the same K value, the internal resistance difference of less than 0.2 m omega and the capacity difference of less than 0.01C.
In the step S8, the time for connecting the batteries in parallel by using the conducting wire is 10-60 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method mainly uses mathematical statistics to judge the battery with abnormal K value, and shifts the batteries with normal K value according to the self-discharge rate, so that the voltage drop of each battery in the battery pack is equal, namely, the voltage drop rates of all batteries are synchronous, thereby ensuring the voltage balance of all batteries in the battery pack and prolonging the service life of the battery pack.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the serial number of the battery, the voltage of the battery, and the internal resistance of the battery in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a control diagram of the K value of the cell in the embodiment of the present invention (randomly sampling the K value data of 50 cells, calculating the mean value of the K values, calculating the upper control limit USL and the lower control limit LSL of the K values).
Fig. 3 shows the final grouping principle of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a grouping principle of a conventional grouping method of a comparative example.
Fig. 5 is a box plot of cell voltages of example and comparative example batteries.
Fig. 6 is a graph comparing cycle performance of batteries assembled by the conventional assembly method according to the example of the present invention and the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by persons skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A power battery matching process comprises the following specific operation steps:
s1, capacity grading: charging and discharging the power battery according to a set multiplying power by using a grading cabinet, testing the battery capacity, and grading the capacity according to a set capacity range;
s2, standing the battery: aging the battery at room temperature for 12-24 h, and recording as t1；
S3, testing the open-circuit voltage and the internal resistance of the battery by using a voltage internal resistance tester, wherein the voltage is recorded as OCV1, and the internal resistance is recorded as R1;
s4, high-temperature aging: the aging temperature is 45-55 ℃, the aging time is 48-96 h, and is marked as t2Testing the open-circuit voltage value of the battery after high-temperature aging, and recording as OCV 2;
s5, calculating a K value: k value = (OCV 1-OCV 2)/t2Calculating the K value of 50-100 PCS batteries, and calculating the mean value mu of the K valueKCalculating the standard deviation sigma of the K valueK，The K value range standard of the battery is muK-3*σK～μK+3*σK(ii) a Judging that the K value is more than or equal to muK+3*σKDegradation treatment;
s6, setting the K value as muK-3*σK～μK+3*σKThe battery is divided into I, II and III … … n grades according to the K value;
s7, combining the internal resistance and capacity of the battery to make a group;
and S8, voltage is balanced in parallel connection, the positive electrodes of all the batteries are communicated with the battery in the same group by adopting a lead, the negative electrodes of all the batteries are communicated, and finally the differential pressure of the battery pack is less than 0.5 mV.
In the step S1, the charge-discharge multiplying power is 0.2-1.0C, the last charge is constant-current constant-voltage charge, the cutoff current is 0.01C, and the voltage difference of the lower battery cabinet is within 20 mV.
Wherein, the capacity difference of the battery classified by the capacity range in the step S1 is < 0.01C.
Wherein the temperature of the battery standing in the step S2 is 20-30 ℃.
Wherein, the voltage precision of the voltage internal resistance tester adopted in the steps S3 and S4 is higher than 0.1mV, and the internal resistance precision is higher than 0.1m omega.
In step S5, the average value of the K values is calculated, and the upper and lower control limit values are calculated by using statistical software.
Wherein the step of S6 is to classify the K value as μK-3*σK～μK+3*σKThe average is divided into n grades, where the minimum LSL is muK-3*σKMaximum USL of μK+3*σK。
Wherein, the grouping in step S7 is performed according to the following rules:
(1) the battery is divided into … … n grades according to the K value, wherein n takes 2-10 values;
(2) sorting the batteries with the same K value grade according to the internal resistance R;
(3) for the batteries with the same K value and the same level, the internal resistances R are ranked according to the descending of the capacity C;
(4) and forming a group of batteries with the same K value, the internal resistance difference of less than 0.2 m omega and the capacity difference of less than 0.01C.
In the step S8, the time for connecting the batteries in parallel by using the conducting wire is 10-60 min.
Example (b):
s1, firstly, carrying out capacity sorting on the A665C5-15Ah monomer battery cells, setting the cut-off voltage value of the capacity sorting to be 3.900V,
the cut-off current is 150mA, and the capacity grade is one grade according to 0.1 Ah;
s2, standing the battery, and aging the battery at room temperature for 12-24 h1；
S3, as shown in the figure 1, testing the open-circuit voltage and the internal resistance of the battery by using a voltage internal resistance tester, wherein the voltage is recorded as OCV1, the internal resistance is recorded as R, and the specific data are as shown in the figure 1;
s4, aging at high temperature, wherein the aging temperature is 45-55 ℃, the aging time is about 51h, and is marked as t2The open-circuit voltage value of the battery after high-temperature aging is recorded as OCV2, and the specific data are shown in FIG. 1;
s5, as shown in FIG. 1, K value is calculated, K value = (OCV 1-OCV 2)/t2. And calculating the K value of the 50-100 PCS battery. As shown in FIG. 1, the mean value μ of the K values is calculatedKThe standard deviation sigma of the K value is calculated for 0.04433 mV/hKThe K value standard of the battery is muK-3*σK～μK+3*σK(ii) a Namely: determining the lower limit LSL of the K value is 0.03156 mV/h, the upper limit USL is 0.05710 mV/h, and determining the K value>The upper limit value USL 0.05710 mV/h degradation treatment;
and S6, dividing the battery with the K value of 0.03156 mV/h-0.05710 mV/h into 3 grades according to the size. 0.03156 mV/h-0.04007 mV/h is grade I, 0.04008 mV/h-0.04858 mV/h is grade II, 0.04859 mV/h-0.05710 mV/h is grade III;
s7, synthesizing the internal resistance of the battery, wherein the battery is a lamination process, the internal resistance range is small, and the internal resistance of the battery is 2.1-2.2 m
Omega, directly one grade, directly degrading beyond the division range. The capacity of 0.1Ah is one grade, and the batteries in batches are matched into groups, wherein each group comprises 16 batteries;
and S8, voltage is balanced in parallel connection, the anodes of all the batteries in the same battery pack are communicated by adopting a lead, the cathodes of all the batteries are communicated for 10-60 min, and finally the differential pressure of the battery pack is less than 0.5 mV.
Comparative example:
the comparative example used a conventional compounding method, as follows:
s1, firstly, carrying out capacity sorting on the A665C5-15Ah monomer battery cells, setting the cut-off voltage value of the capacity sorting to be 3.900V,
the cut-off current is 150mA, and the capacity grade is one grade according to 0.1 Ah;
s2, standing the battery, and aging the battery at room temperature for 12-24 h1；
S3, as shown in the figure 1, testing the open-circuit voltage and the internal resistance of the battery by using a voltage internal resistance tester, wherein the voltage is recorded as OCV1, and the internal resistance is recorded as R;
s4, aging at high temperature, wherein the aging temperature is 45-55 ℃, the aging time is about 72h, and the K value is determined as follows: matching qualified products with the K value of less than 0.1mV/h, and degrading with the K value of more than or equal to 0.1 mV/h;
s5, combining the internal resistance, capacity and voltage of the battery to make a group: the battery is a lamination process, has a small internal resistance range, and is electrically connected
The internal resistance of the pool is 2.1-2.2 m omega, and the direct degradation is directly performed in a grade and beyond range. The capacity of 0.1Ah is one grade, the pressure difference between the batteries is less than or equal to 5mV, and the batch batteries are matched into groups, wherein each group comprises 16 batteries.
The battery packs are respectively matched according to the two matching methods, and the battery packs obtained by the battery packs are stored for 6 months at normal temperature and subjected to cycle test, and the results are shown in figures 5 and 6.
Compared with the battery pack prepared by the traditional matching method, the battery pack prepared by the invention has the advantages that the voltage consistency of the matched batteries is obviously improved, the performances of the batteries in the battery pack are fully exerted, the integral performance of the battery pack is improved, the consistency of the battery pack is better after the battery pack is placed or used for a long time, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and the specific examples are applied herein to explain the principles and embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understanding the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; while the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments and applications, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A power battery matching process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, capacity grading: charging and discharging the power battery according to a set multiplying power by using a grading cabinet, testing the battery capacity, and grading the capacity according to a set capacity range;
s2, standing the battery: aging the battery at room temperature for 12-24 h, and recording as t1；
S3, testing the open-circuit voltage and the internal resistance of the battery by using a voltage internal resistance tester, wherein the voltage is recorded as OCV1, and the internal resistance is recorded as R1;
s4, high-temperature aging: the aging temperature is 45-55 ℃, the aging time is 48-96 h, and the mark ist2Testing the open-circuit voltage value of the battery after high-temperature aging, and recording as OCV 2;
s5, calculating a K value: k value = (OCV 1-OCV 2)/t2Calculating the K value of 50-100 PCS batteries, and calculating the mean value mu of the K valueKCalculating the standard deviation sigma of the K valueK ，The K value range standard of the battery is muK -3*σK ～μK +3*σK(ii) a Judging that the K value is more than or equal to muK +3*σK Degradation treatment;
s6, setting the K value as muK -3*σK ～μK +3*σKThe battery is divided into I, II and III … … n grades according to the K value;
s7, combining the internal resistance and capacity of the battery to make a group;
and S8, voltage is balanced in parallel connection, the positive electrodes of all the batteries are communicated with the battery in the same group by adopting a lead, the negative electrodes of all the batteries are communicated, and finally the differential pressure of the battery pack is less than 0.5 mV.
2. The power battery grouping process according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the charge-discharge rate is 0.2-1.0C, the last charge is constant current and constant voltage, the cutoff current is 0.01C, and the voltage difference of the lower battery is within 20 mV.
3. The power battery grouping process of claim 1, wherein the capacity difference of the batteries classified by the capacity range in the step S1 is < 0.01C.
4. The power battery grouping process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature for the battery standing in the step S2 is 20-30 ℃.
5. The power battery grouping process of claim 1, wherein the voltage precision of the voltage internal resistance tester adopted in the steps S3 and S4 is higher than 0.1mV, and the internal resistance precision is higher than 0.1m Ω.
6. The power battery grouping process according to claim 1, wherein the K value mean value calculation in step S5, and the control upper and lower limit values are obtained by statistical software calculation.
7. The power battery grouping process of claim 1, wherein the step S6 is to classify the K value as μK -3*σK ～μK +3*σKThe average is divided into n grades, where the minimum LSL is muK -3*σKMaximum USL of μK +3*σK 。
8. The power battery grouping process according to claim 1, wherein the grouping in step S7 is performed according to the following rules:
(1) the battery is divided into … … n grades according to the K value, wherein n takes 2-10 values;
(2) sorting the batteries with the same K value grade according to the internal resistance R;
(3) for the batteries with the same K value and the same level, the internal resistances R are ranked according to the descending of the capacity C;
(4) and forming a group of batteries with the same K value, the internal resistance difference of less than 0.2 m omega and the capacity difference of less than 0.01C.
9. The power battery grouping process according to claim 1, wherein the time for connecting the batteries in parallel by using the conducting wire in the step S8 is 10-60 min.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112736309A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 南京国轩电池有限公司 | Method for solving abnormal K value after capacity grading of power lithium ion reworked battery |
| CN113281658A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-20 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for judging over-temperature reason of battery in test process |
| CN113857079A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-31 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for testing battery pack after screening of inventory risk batteries |
| CN114361622A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-15 | 华富(江苏)锂电新技术有限公司 | Capacity grading and grouping method for lithium ion battery |
-
2019
- 2019-06-02 CN CN201910473981.4A patent/CN112103570A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112736309A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 南京国轩电池有限公司 | Method for solving abnormal K value after capacity grading of power lithium ion reworked battery |
| CN112736309B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-12-08 | 南京国轩电池有限公司 | Method for solving abnormal K value of power lithium ion reworked battery after capacity division |
| CN113281658A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-20 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for judging over-temperature reason of battery in test process |
| CN113281658B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-08-08 | 力神（青岛）新能源有限公司 | Method for judging reason of overtemperature of battery in testing process |
| CN113857079A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-31 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for testing battery pack after screening of inventory risk batteries |
| CN114361622A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-15 | 华富(江苏)锂电新技术有限公司 | Capacity grading and grouping method for lithium ion battery |
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