CN114736701B - Biomass pyrolysis furnace, biomass pyrolysis system and pyrolysis process - Google Patents
Biomass pyrolysis furnace, biomass pyrolysis system and pyrolysis process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 91
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis equipment, in particular to a biomass pyrolysis furnace, a biomass pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis process, wherein the biomass pyrolysis furnace comprises an outer shell and a heating body, the heating body is sleeved and connected in the outer shell, a combustion chamber is reserved between the heating body and the outer shell, the combustion chamber is divided into a pyrolysis chamber and a catalytic pyrolysis chamber from top to bottom by a partition plate, and a hot air blower is also connected to the catalytic pyrolysis chamber in a penetrating way: the heat supply body is provided with a plurality of openings, and a plurality of flame stabilizing bodies are embedded in the openings; the outer shell is provided with a full premix fan; a reaction chamber is arranged in the heating body and consists of a spirally arranged combustion tube; the top end of the combustion tube is provided with a feed bin in a penetrating way, and a hot nitrogen air pipe is connected on the feed bin in a penetrating way; the bottom of the combustion tube is provided with a receiving bin in a penetrating way. The invention provides a biomass pyrolysis furnace and a biomass pyrolysis system matched with the biomass pyrolysis furnace for use, and aims to prepare biomass carbon through biomass and tar together and realize catalytic decomposition of the tar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis equipment, in particular to a biomass pyrolysis furnace, a biomass pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis process.
Background
Excessive exploitation and utilization of non-renewable fossil energy sources such as coal, petroleum and the like are more and more serious in terms of energy and environment on the earth, efficient and clean energy is sought to become a focus of attention in the world, biomass resources are fourth largest resources on the earth, reserves of the biomass resources are inferior to coal, petroleum and natural gas, and meanwhile, the biomass resources are clean renewable energy sources with first reserves, and are one of most suitable fossil energy alternative energy sources; biomass energy has the characteristics of abundant resources, low cost, reproducibility, cleanliness and the like, so the development and application of biomass have become a focus of extensive attention.
Biomass pyrolysis is a process of converting biomass into combustible gas and natural resources through pyrolysis, wherein biomass pyrolysis is a process of heating biomass raw materials under the condition of no oxygen or limited oxygen to realize pyrolysis reaction and obtain biochar, bio-oil and fuel gas. The existing biomass pyrolysis process and the design of a heat cleaning furnace are widely focused, but the existing biomass pyrolysis process still has a plurality of problems to be solved, one of the problems is that tar is converted and removed, the tar is mainly generated when molecular bonds of components such as cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose which form biomass are broken, small gaseous molecules such as CO, CO 2、H2O、CH4 and the like are generated in the breaking process, large molecules such as coke, wood vinegar and tar are generated, the tar component is complex, the tar component contains hundreds of compounds with different types and properties, the main component is polynuclear aromatic components, the tar component contains PAH substances with higher concentration, the PAH substances have higher toxicity, after the tar condensed into fine liquid drops is incompletely combusted, the PAH substances and the coke are generated, and the PAH substances have cancerogenic risks; if the tar oil is purified, the generated tar oil waste water contains phenol and phenol compounds, benzene series compounds, heterocycle, aromatic compounds and other organic matters, has high COD concentration, emits strong pungent smell, pollutes the environment and endangers the health of human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biomass pyrolysis furnace, a biomass pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis process, and provides the biomass pyrolysis furnace and the biomass pyrolysis system matched with the biomass pyrolysis furnace for preparing biomass carbon through biomass and tar together and realizing catalytic decomposition of the tar.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a biomass pyrolysis furnace, its characterized in that includes shell body and heat supply body, the heat supply body cover establish and connect in the shell body, and reserve the combustion chamber between the two, separate into pyrolysis chamber and catalytic cracking room by the baffle from top to bottom in the combustion chamber, still through-connection has the air heater on the catalytic cracking room:
The heat supply body is provided with a plurality of openings, and a plurality of flame stabilizing bodies are embedded in the openings;
the outer shell is provided with a full premix fan which is respectively and communicated with the pyrolysis chamber and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber through communicating pipes;
A reaction chamber is arranged in the heating body and consists of a spirally arranged combustion tube; a bin is arranged at the top end of the combustion tube in a penetrating way, and a hot nitrogen air pipe is connected to the bin in a penetrating way; the bottom of the combustion tube is provided with a receiving bin in a penetrating way;
The combustion tube is also connected with an air supply tube in a penetrating way.
Preferably, the bin is also connected with a buffer bin for storing granular biomass through a material lifting machine.
Preferably, a discharging pipe is arranged between the combustion pipe and the receiving bin, a pyrolysis gas discharging pipe is connected to the discharging pipe in a penetrating mode, an opening and closing assembly is further arranged on the discharging pipe and comprises a steering engine and a rotating plate, an output shaft of the steering engine transversely penetrates through the side wall of the discharging pipe and is fixedly connected with the rotating plate at the end portion, and the rotating plate rotates to the horizontal direction to block the inside of the discharging pipe.
Preferably, valves are respectively arranged on the hot nitrogen air pipe, the air supply pipe and the communicating pipe.
The invention also provides a biomass pyrolysis system based on the biomass pyrolysis furnace, which comprises:
the drying and crushing equipment is used for drying and crushing biomass;
the mixing granulation equipment is used for mixing and granulating the tar and the biomass, and is in through connection with the buffer bin;
The biomass pyrolysis furnace is used for preparing biomass charcoal;
The sedimentation tank is used for collecting a mixture of tar steam, pyrolysis gas and dust generated by pyrolysis, and the sedimentation tank is connected with the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe in a penetrating way;
A cyclone separator for centrifugally separating gas and dust;
the first-stage tar removal tower is used for separating tar steam from pyrolysis gas for the first time;
the secondary tar removal tower is used for carrying out secondary separation on tar steam, and the primary tar removal tower and the secondary tar removal tower are respectively connected with the mixing granulation equipment in a penetrating way;
the gas-acid separation tower is used for separating pyroligneous liquor in the pyrolysis gas;
The purifying device is used for purifying the pyrolysis gas and obtaining combustible gas;
The drying and crushing equipment, the mixing and granulating equipment, the biomass pyrolysis furnace, the sedimentation tank, the cyclone separator, the primary tar removal tower, the secondary tar removal tower, the gas-acid separation tower and the purification device are sequentially connected in a penetrating manner;
The primary tar removing tower and the secondary tar removing tower are connected with the mixing granulation equipment in a penetrating way.
Preferably, the biomass pyrolysis furnace and the drying and crushing equipment are respectively communicated with the purification device, and the purification device is respectively communicated with the full-premixing fan and the air supply pipe.
The invention also provides a biomass pyrolysis process by using the biomass pyrolysis system, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, drying and crushing biomass by using the drying and crushing equipment, wherein the crushing length is 2-4cm, and drying until the water content of the biomass is below 10%;
Step 2, mixing and granulating the tar and the biomass by using the mixing and granulating equipment to obtain a to-be-treated substance, wherein the mass ratio of the tar to the biomass is 1:7-10;
Step 3, biomass pyrolysis is carried out by using the biomass pyrolysis furnace to prepare biomass charcoal, wherein the preparation condition of the biomass charcoal is pyrolysis for 1-1.5h at 250-400 ℃;
step 4, collecting a mixture of tar steam, pyrolysis gas and dust by using the sedimentation tank;
step 5, utilizing the cyclone separator to perform centrifugal separation to obtain gas and dust;
Step 6, utilizing the primary tar removal tower to separate tar steam;
step 7, utilizing the secondary tar removal tower to conduct secondary separation of tar steam;
step 8, separating the pyroligneous acid in the pyrolysis gas by using the gas-acid separation tower;
and 9, purifying and collecting pyrolysis gas by using the purifying device to obtain combustible gas.
Preferably, the specific method for pyrolyzing biomass is as follows:
After biomass is processed by adopting the drying and crushing equipment, blending tar and biomass in the mixing and granulating equipment to obtain a to-be-processed object, storing the to-be-processed object in the buffer bin, entering the storage bin under the action of the material lifting machine, entering the combustion tube under the driving of hot nitrogen air pipe exhaust gas, preparing biomass carbon in the combustion tube, and collecting the prepared biomass carbon in the receiving bin; the mixture of tar steam, pyrolysis gas and dust generated by combustion is discharged into the sedimentation tank through the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe, then discharged into the cyclone separation machine for dedusting operation, then the mixed gas is discharged into the primary tar removal tower for primary separation operation of the tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas is discharged into the secondary tar removal tower for secondary separation operation of the tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas after separation is discharged into the gas-acid separation tower for realizing separation of wood vinegar and pyrolysis gas, and finally the separated pyrolysis gas is treated in the purification device to obtain combustible gas;
The tar separated by the primary tar removal tower and the secondary tar removal tower is discharged into the mixing granulation equipment again, so that the utilization of the tar is realized;
The purification device is in through connection with the drying and crushing equipment, and the combustible gas provides a thermal environment for the drying and crushing equipment;
The purification device is in through connection with the biomass pyrolysis furnace, and is in through connection with a full premix fan on the biomass pyrolysis furnace, so that air and combustible gas are mixed, and the combustible gas is provided for the flame stabilizing body;
the purification device is also in through connection with the air supply pipe on the biomass pyrolysis furnace, so that catalytic pyrolysis of tar in the combustion pipe is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The biomass pyrolysis furnace is divided into the pyrolysis chamber and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber by the partition plates, the pyrolysis chamber and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber can be used for pyrolysis reaction of biomass together, high-temperature carbonization of the to-be-treated object is realized, and the obtained biomass carbon is collected through the receiving bin; when the catalytic cracking chamber can be independently used after pyrolysis is finished, the high temperature provided by the catalytic cracking chamber is used for realizing the final catalytic cracking of tar in the combustion tube, at the moment, the tar and the catalyst are mixed in the mixing granulation equipment and then discharged into the combustion tube, the catalyst and the tar slide down at the catalytic cracking chamber, at the moment, the mixed gas containing moisture is discharged into the combustion tube through the mixed gas tube, and the mixed gas comprises pyrolysis gas and air, so that the independent high-temperature cracking of the tar is realized at 750-900 ℃;
By using the biomass pyrolysis furnace disclosed by the application, not only is the preparation of biomass carbon realized, but also the catalytic pyrolysis of tar is realized, so that the amount of tar produced by biomass combustion is effectively reduced.
2. According to the invention, the hot nitrogen air pipe and the air supply pipe are respectively and penetratingly connected to the combustion pipe, the air supply pipe can be used for circulating nitrogen or pyrolysis gas, when the air supply pipe is used for circulating nitrogen, the top end and the bottom end of the combustion pipe are respectively filled with nitrogen, the position of a material in the combustion pipe is regulated and controlled by regulating the air supply quantity of the two nitrogen, the object to be treated is in a suspension state, and more excellent carbonization operation is convenient to realize; when the pyrolysis gas flows through the gas supply pipe, combustible gas is supplied into the combustion pipe, and the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis of tar is facilitated.
3. The preparation method of biomass carbon comprises the following steps: biomass and tar are mixed, crushed and granulated, and then pyrolyzed by a biomass pyrolysis furnace, so that biomass carbon is prepared in an anaerobic environment or a low-oxygen environment; the tar cracking operation of the invention is as follows: mixing tar and a catalyst, performing catalytic pyrolysis operation by a biomass pyrolysis furnace, and performing catalytic pyrolysis on the tar under the conditions of pyrolysis gas, oxygen and water.
4. The invention also designs a biomass pyrolysis system matched with the biomass pyrolysis furnace, and the biomass pyrolysis system is utilized to realize separation of pyrolysis gas, wood vinegar, tar and biomass charcoal, and realize cyclic utilization of the tar and the pyrolysis gas, and the redundant pyrolysis gas is convenient to be used as fuel gas for secondary utilization after being purified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of biomass pyrolysis using a biomass pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a biomass pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. An outer housing; 2. a heat supply body; 3. a purifying device; 4. a partition plate; 5. a pyrolysis chamber; 6. a catalytic cracking chamber; 7. an air heater; 8. a flame stabilizing body; 9. a full premix fan; 10. a communicating pipe; 11. a combustion tube; 12. a storage bin; 13. a hot nitrogen air pipe; 14. a receiving bin; 15. an air supply pipe; 16. a primary tar removal tower; 17. a secondary tar removal tower; 18. a gas-acid separation tower; 19. a valve; 20. a material hoister; 21. a buffer bin; 22. a discharge pipe; 23. an air duct; 24. steering engine; 25. a rotating plate; 26. drying and crushing equipment; 27. mixing and granulating equipment; 28. a sedimentation tank; 29. a cyclone separator.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The experimental methods in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Apparatus for biomass pyrolysis using a biomass pyrolysis furnace, as shown in fig. 1-2, comprising:
a drying and pulverizing device 26 for performing a drying and pulverizing process on biomass;
a mixing and granulating device 27 for mixing and granulating the tar and the biomass, wherein the mixing and granulating device 27 is connected with the buffer bin 21 in a penetrating way;
the biomass pyrolysis furnace is used for preparing biomass charcoal by biomass pyrolysis, and the preparation condition of the biomass charcoal is pyrolysis for 1-1.5h at the temperature of 250-400 ℃;
a sedimentation tank 28 for collecting a mixture of tar vapor, pyrolysis gas and dust generated by pyrolysis, wherein the sedimentation tank 28 is connected with the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe 23 in a penetrating manner;
cyclone 29 for centrifugally separating gas and dust;
A primary tar removal tower 16 for separating tar vapor from pyrolysis gas once;
A secondary tar removal tower 17 for performing secondary separation of tar vapor, wherein the primary tar removal tower 16 and the secondary tar removal tower 17 are respectively connected with the mixing granulation equipment 27 in a penetrating way;
A gas-acid separation tower 18 for separating pyroligneous liquor in the pyrolysis gas;
a purifying device 3 for purifying the pyrolysis gas and obtaining a combustible gas;
The drying and crushing equipment 26, the mixing and granulating equipment 27, the biomass pyrolysis furnace, the sedimentation tank 28, the cyclone 29, the primary tar removal tower 16, the secondary tar removal tower 17, the gas-acid separation tower 18 and the purification device 3 are sequentially connected in a penetrating manner;
the primary tar removal tower 16 and the secondary tar removal tower 17 are connected with the mixing granulation equipment 27 in a penetrating way;
The biomass pyrolysis furnace and the drying and crushing equipment 26 are respectively and continuously connected with the purification device 3, and the purification device 3 is respectively and continuously connected with the full premix fan 9 and the air supply pipe 15.
The structure of biomass pyrolysis furnace is as shown in fig. 2, including shell body 1 and heat supply body 2, heat supply body 2 cover establish and connect in the shell body 1, and reserve the combustion chamber between the two, the combustion chamber is used for combustible gas's circulation, and the last flame of all steady flame bodies 8 of being convenient for can both last burning, the combustion intracavity is divided into pyrolysis chamber 5 and catalytic cracking room 6 by baffle 4 from top to bottom, realizes the pyrolysis reaction of living beings jointly in pyrolysis chamber 5 and catalytic cracking room 6 to realize the living beings carbon that the high temperature carbonization of waiting to handle the thing obtained, when using catalytic cracking room alone, the high temperature that catalytic cracking room provided is used for realizing the final catalytic cracking of the intraductal tar of combustion, still link up on the catalytic cracking room 6 and be connected with air heater 7, air heater 7 is convenient for provide hot-blast to the air in the air heater 7, promotes the temperature that steady flame body 8 burns on the catalytic cracking room 6:
The heat supply body 2 is provided with a plurality of openings, and a plurality of flame stabilizing bodies 8 are embedded in the openings;
The full premix blower 9 is arranged on the outer shell 1, the full premix blower 9 realizes the mixing of air and combustible gas, the air and the combustible gas are discharged into the combustion chamber, the combustion gas is provided for the flame on the flame stabilizing body 8, the full premix blower 9 is respectively communicated with the pyrolysis chamber 5 and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber 6 through the communicating pipe 10, the communicating pipe 10 is provided with a valve, the valve controls the flow direction of the gas, and then the flow direction is regulated and controlled according to the requirements of pyrolysis reaction and catalytic pyrolysis reaction;
A reaction chamber is arranged in the heating body 2 and consists of a spirally arranged combustion tube 11; a bin 12 is arranged at the top end of the combustion tube 11 in a penetrating way, and a hot nitrogen air pipe 13 is connected to the bin 12 in a penetrating way; the bottom of the combustion tube 11 is provided with a receiving bin in a penetrating way; the hot nitrogen air pipe 13 discharges hot nitrogen, the air in the combustion pipe 11 is discharged through the hot nitrogen, and the operation of pyrolyzing the object to be treated to prepare biomass carbon is performed in the combustion pipe 11;
an air supply pipe 15 is also connected to the combustion pipe 11 in a penetrating way, and pyrolysis gas or nitrogen can be introduced into the air supply pipe 15, so that the catalytic pyrolysis of tar is conveniently realized when the pyrolysis gas is connected; when nitrogen is connected, the position of the object to be treated in the combustion tube 11 is conveniently regulated and controlled.
The embodiment of the invention relies on equipment for biomass pyrolysis by using a biomass pyrolysis furnace, and is specifically as follows:
Example 1
The biomass pyrolysis process by using the equipment comprises the following specific steps:
After the biomass is processed by the drying and pulverizing equipment 26, blending tar and biomass in the mixing and granulating equipment 27 to obtain a to-be-processed object, storing the to-be-processed object in the buffer bin 21, entering the storage bin 12 under the action of the material lifting machine 20, entering the combustion tube 11 under the driving of the exhaust gas of the hot nitrogen air tube 13, preparing biomass carbon in the combustion tube 11, and collecting the prepared biomass carbon in the receiving bin; the mixture of tar steam, pyrolysis gas and dust generated by combustion is discharged into the sedimentation tank 28 through the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe 23, then discharged into the cyclone separation machine 29 for dust removal operation, then the mixed gas is discharged into the primary tar removal tower 16 for primary separation operation of the tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas is discharged into the secondary tar removal tower 17 for secondary separation operation of the tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas after separation is discharged into the gas-acid separation tower 18, the separation of wood acetic acid and pyrolysis gas is realized, and finally the separated pyrolysis gas is treated in a purification device to obtain combustible gas;
The tar separated by the first-stage tar removal tower 16 and the second-stage tar removal tower 17 is discharged into the mixing granulation equipment 27 again, so that the utilization of the tar is realized;
The purification device 3 is connected with the drying and crushing equipment 26 in a penetrating way, and the combustible gas provides a thermal environment for the drying and crushing equipment 26;
The purification device 3 is in through connection with the biomass pyrolysis furnace, the purification device 3 is in through connection with a full premix fan 9 on the biomass pyrolysis furnace, so that air and combustible gas are mixed, and the combustible gas is provided for the flame stabilizing body 8;
The nitrogen is introduced into the gas supply pipe 15, and the position of the object to be treated in the combustion pipe 11 is regulated by the flow of the nitrogen.
Example 2
The process for carrying out tar catalytic pyrolysis by utilizing the equipment comprises the following specific steps:
Blending tar and catalyst in the mixing granulation equipment 27 to obtain a to-be-treated substance I, storing the to-be-treated substance I in the buffer bin 21, entering the storage bin 12 under the action of the material lifting machine 20, entering the combustion tube 11, enabling the hot air blower 7 to operate, controlling the temperature of the combustion tube 11, carrying out catalytic pyrolysis of tar at 750-900 ℃, and collecting the catalyst in the receiving bin; the mixture of pyrolysis gas and dust generated by combustion is discharged into the sedimentation tank 28 through the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe 23, then discharged into the cyclone separation machine 29 for dedusting operation, then the mixed gas is discharged into the primary tar removal tower 16 for primary separation operation of tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas is discharged into the secondary tar removal tower 17 for secondary separation operation of tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas after separation is discharged into the gas-acid separation tower 18, the separation of wood acetic acid and pyrolysis gas is realized, and finally the separated pyrolysis gas is treated in a purification device to obtain combustible gas;
The tar separated by the first-stage tar removal tower 16 and the second-stage tar removal tower 17 is discharged into the mixing granulation equipment 27 again, so that the utilization of the tar is realized;
The purification device 3 is in through connection with the biomass pyrolysis furnace, the purification device 3 is in through connection with a full premix fan 9 on the biomass pyrolysis furnace, so that air and combustible gas are mixed, and the combustible gas is provided for the flame stabilizing body 8;
The purification device 3 is also in through connection with the air supply pipe 15 on the biomass pyrolysis furnace, so that the catalytic pyrolysis of tar in the combustion pipe 11 is realized, and the mixture of pyrolysis gas, air and water is introduced into the air supply pipe 15 at the moment, so that the pyrolysis of tar is facilitated.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. A biomass pyrolysis system, comprising:
A drying and pulverizing device (26) for drying and pulverizing biomass;
The mixing granulation equipment (27) is used for mixing and granulating the tar and the biomass, and the mixing granulation equipment (27) is communicated with the buffer bin (21);
The biomass pyrolysis furnace is used for preparing biomass charcoal;
A sedimentation tank (28) for collecting a mixture of tar vapor, pyrolysis gas and dust produced by pyrolysis, the sedimentation tank (28) being in through connection with the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe (23);
A cyclone separator (29) for centrifugally separating gas and dust;
a primary tar removal tower (16) for separating tar vapor from pyrolysis gas once;
The secondary tar removal tower (17) is used for carrying out secondary separation on tar steam, and the primary tar removal tower (16) and the secondary tar removal tower (17) are respectively connected with the mixing granulation equipment (27) in a penetrating way;
a gas-acid separation tower (18) for separating pyroligneous liquor in the pyrolysis gas;
the purifying device (3) is used for purifying the pyrolysis gas and obtaining combustible gas;
The drying and crushing equipment (26), the mixing and granulating equipment (27), the biomass pyrolysis furnace, the sedimentation tank (28), the cyclone separator (29), the primary tar removal tower (16), the secondary tar removal tower (17), the gas-acid separation tower (18) and the purification device (3) are sequentially connected in a penetrating manner;
The biomass pyrolysis furnace comprises an outer shell (1) and a heat supply body (2), wherein the heat supply body (2) is sleeved and connected in the outer shell (1), a combustion cavity is reserved between the heat supply body and the outer shell, the combustion cavity is divided into a pyrolysis chamber (5) and a catalytic pyrolysis chamber (6) from top to bottom by a partition plate (4), and a hot air blower (7) is further connected to the catalytic pyrolysis chamber (6) in a penetrating manner;
a plurality of openings are formed in the heat supply body (2), and a plurality of flame stabilizing bodies (8) are embedded in the openings;
the full-premix fan (9) is arranged on the outer shell (1), and the full-premix fan (9) is respectively in through connection with the pyrolysis chamber (5) and the catalytic pyrolysis chamber (6) through a communicating pipe (10);
A reaction chamber is arranged in the heat supply body (2), and the reaction chamber consists of a spirally arranged combustion tube (11); a bin (12) is arranged at the top end of the combustion tube (11) in a penetrating way, and a hot nitrogen air pipe (13) is connected to the bin (12) in a penetrating way; the bottom of the combustion tube (11) is provided with a receiving bin (14) in a penetrating way;
An air supply pipe (15) is also connected to the combustion pipe (11) in a penetrating way;
the bin (12) is also connected with a buffer bin (21) for storing granular biomass through a material lifting machine (20);
A discharge pipe (22) is arranged between the combustion pipe (11) and the receiving bin (14), a pyrolysis gas discharge pipe (23) is connected to the discharge pipe (22) in a penetrating way, an opening and closing assembly is further arranged on the discharge pipe (22), the opening and closing assembly comprises a steering engine (24) and a rotating plate (25), an output shaft of the steering engine (24) transversely penetrates through the side wall of the discharge pipe (22) and is fixedly connected with the rotating plate (25) at the end part, and the rotating plate (25) rotates to the horizontal direction to block the inside of the discharge pipe (22);
valves (19) are respectively arranged on the hot nitrogen air pipe (13), the air supply pipe (15) and the communicating pipe (10), the drying and crushing equipment (26) is in through connection with the purification device (3), and the purification device (3) is in through connection with the full premix fan (9);
the biomass pyrolysis process by using the biomass pyrolysis system comprises the following steps:
Step 1, drying and crushing biomass by using the drying and crushing equipment (26), wherein the crushing length is 2-4cm, and drying until the water content of the biomass is below 10%;
Step 2, mixing and granulating the tar and the biomass by using the mixing and granulating equipment (27) to obtain a to-be-treated substance, wherein the mass ratio of the tar to the biomass is 1:7-10;
step 3, pyrolyzing the to-be-treated matters by using the biomass pyrolysis furnace to prepare biomass charcoal, wherein the preparation condition of the biomass charcoal is pyrolysis for 1-1.5h at 250-400 ℃;
Step 4, collecting a mixture of tar steam, pyrolysis gas and dust by using the sedimentation tank (28);
step 5, centrifugally separating by utilizing the cyclone separator (29) to obtain gas and dust;
Step 6, utilizing the primary tar removal tower (16) to separate tar steam;
Step 7, utilizing the secondary tar removal tower (17) to separate tar steam again;
Step 8, separating the pyroligneous acid in the pyrolysis gas by using the gas-acid separation tower (18);
step 9, purifying and collecting pyrolysis gas by using the purifying device (3) to obtain combustible gas
The specific method for biomass pyrolysis comprises the following steps:
After biomass is processed by adopting the drying and crushing equipment (26), blending and granulating of tar and biomass are realized in the mixing and granulating equipment (27), a to-be-processed object is obtained, the to-be-processed object is stored in the buffer bin (21) and enters the bin (12) under the action of the material lifting machine (20), the to-be-processed object enters the combustion pipe (11) under the driving of the exhaust gas of the hot nitrogen air pipe (13), the preparation of biomass charcoal is carried out in the combustion pipe (11), and the prepared biomass charcoal is collected in the receiving bin (14); the mixture of tar steam, pyrolysis gas and dust generated by combustion is discharged into the sedimentation tank (28) through the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe (23) firstly, then is discharged into the cyclone separator (29) for dust removal operation, then the mixed gas is discharged into the primary tar removal tower (16) for primary separation operation of the tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas is discharged into the secondary tar removal tower (17) for secondary separation operation of the tar steam, the residual pyrolysis gas after separation is discharged into the gas-acid separation tower (18), the separation of wood acetic acid and pyrolysis gas is realized, and finally the pyrolysis gas after separation is treated in the purification device to obtain combustible gas;
the tar separated by the primary tar removal tower (16) and the secondary tar removal tower (17) is discharged into the mixing granulation equipment (27) again, so that the utilization of the tar is realized;
-the combustible gas of the purification device (3) provides a thermal environment to the drying and pulverizing apparatus (26);
The purification device (3) provides combustible gas for the full premix fan (9) to realize the mixing of air and the combustible gas and provides the combustible gas for the flame stabilizing body (8);
nitrogen is introduced into the air supply pipe (15), and the position of the object to be treated in the combustion pipe (11) is regulated and controlled by the flow of the nitrogen.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1664065A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2005-09-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for producing charcoal by using agricultural and forest waste |
| CN101041780A (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2007-09-26 | 王士元 | Process and device for preparing gas by using carbonization decomposition of biomass |
| CN108410485A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-17 | 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of method of biomass pyrolysis |
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1664065A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2005-09-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for producing charcoal by using agricultural and forest waste |
| CN101041780A (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2007-09-26 | 王士元 | Process and device for preparing gas by using carbonization decomposition of biomass |
| CN108410485A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-17 | 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of method of biomass pyrolysis |
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