CN114736148A - 三芳胺类化合物、包含该化合物的有机材料和有机发光器件 - Google Patents

三芳胺类化合物、包含该化合物的有机材料和有机发光器件 Download PDF

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CN114736148A
CN114736148A CN202210408953.6A CN202210408953A CN114736148A CN 114736148 A CN114736148 A CN 114736148A CN 202210408953 A CN202210408953 A CN 202210408953A CN 114736148 A CN114736148 A CN 114736148A
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何睦
王湘成
王鹏
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Shanghai Yaoyi Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了三芳胺类化合物、包含该化合物的有机材料和有机发光器件，该化合物具有式1所示的结构，Ar1和Ar2独立选自取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基，L0、L1和L2独立选自单键、取代或未取代的亚芳基或亚杂芳基，A选自式2‑4所示基团，Z1‑Z5独立选自‑CR1R2‑、‑NR‑、O或S，R1和R2独立选自氢、氘、氘代或未氘代的甲基；R选自取代或未取代的烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基或芳基；RA选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或杂芳基。上述化合物作为空穴传输材料用于有机发光器件，提高发光效率、使用寿命以及降低驱动电压，用于有机光伏、平板显示和照明光源等。

Description

三芳胺类化合物、包含该化合物的有机材料和有机发光器件
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光材料领域，具体涉及一种含苯并杂环烷基的三芳胺类化合物、包含该化合物的有机材料和有机发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(OLED)具有亮度高、功耗低、质量轻、厚度薄、响应速度快、对比度高、可视角宽等优势，正受到学术界和产业界的广泛关注。目前常见的有机电致发光器件主要由电极、载流子传输层和发光层三部分构成，其中空穴传输层材料负责将阳极处的空穴传递至发光层，占据十分重要的地位。目前主要采用芳香胺化合物，这类分子具有良好的空穴传输特性，且前线轨道能级易于调节。例如，专利申请CN113816863A公开了三芳胺类化合物，以三芳胺为中心，在芴基的苯或9-位苯基上并有脂肪环，脂肪环相对于芳基具有更好的给电子能力，使得化合物具有良好的空穴传输性能以及热稳定性，同时能够为有机电致发光器件提供良好的使用寿命。专利申请CN113620818A公开了含稠环的三芳胺类化合物，以三芳胺为中心，同时连接苯并脂肪环和稠芳基基团，脂肪环相对于芳基具有推电子能力，使得化合物具有优异的空穴传输性能，稠芳基增加化合物的分子量，提高化合物的玻璃化转化温度，稳定性较好，是良好的空穴传输材料。专利申请CN113773207A通过将苯并五元/六元环结合到三芳胺中使得分子的空间构型更立体，提高空穴传输层与发光层之间的匹配性，并且有利于三线态能级(T1)的提高，从而有效地阻挡激子扩散，提高器件的效率。
目前，有机发光材料的研究已经在学术界和工业界广泛开展，大量性能优良的有机发光材料陆续被开发出来。总体来看，未来有机发光器件的方向是发展高效率、长寿命、低成本的白光器件和全彩色显示器件，但该技术的产业化进程仍面临许多关键问题。因此，设计与寻找一种稳定高效的有机化合物作为有机发光器件材料以克服其在实际应用过程中出现的不足，是有机发光器件研究中的重点与今后的研发趋势。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种含苯并杂环烷基的三芳胺类化合物，该化合物具有下式(1)所示的结构：
Figure BDA0003603322500000021
式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基；
L0、L1、L2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30亚杂芳基；
A选自如下式(2)-(4)所示基团中的一种：
Figure BDA0003603322500000022
式(2)-(4)中，Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4和Z5各自独立地选自-CR1R2-、-NR-、O或S，且满足：式(2)中Z1、Z2和Z3不全为-CR1R2-，式(3)中Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4不全为-CR1R2-，式(4)中Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4和Z5不全为-CR1R2-；
R1和R2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自氢、氘、氘代或未氘代的甲基；
R选自取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C6杂烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12环烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C12芳基；
RA选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷硫基、取代或未取代的C3-C18环烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C18杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C2-C30杂芳基，n选自0、1、2或3；*表示连接位点。
上述“取代或未取代的…”中的“取代的…”是指被独立地选自由氘、卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C12烷基、C3-C18环烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基、C6-C30芳基、C2-C30杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代，L0、L1、L2、Ar1和Ar2中的取代基彼此相同或不同。
作为优选，式(2)-(4)中，Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4和Z5中选自-NR-、O或S的取代基个数大于1时，需要满足任意两个选自-NR-、O或S的取代基之间间隔至少一个-CR1R2-。
作为优选，式(2)中，Z1、Z2和Z3满足Z1和Z3不同时选自S或O中的一个。
作为优选，式(2)中，当Z1和Z3同时为-NR-且Z2为-CR1R2-时，R1和R2不同时为甲基。
作为优选，式(2)中，当Z2为O时，Z1和Z3不同时为-CH2-。
作为优选，式(1)中，A选自以下基团组成的组：
Figure BDA0003603322500000031
上述取代基团中，R1和R2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自氢、氘、氘代或未氘代的甲基；
R选自取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C6杂烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12环烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C12芳基；
RA选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷硫基、取代或未取代的C3-C18环烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C18杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C2-C30杂芳基，n选自0、1、2或3，*表示连接位点。
特别地，在上述任何一个基团中，任意个数的氢原子均可被氘原子替换。
作为优选，式(1)中，L0、L1和L2各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚芴基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚咔唑基，其中“取代或未取代的…”中的“取代的…”是指被独立地选自由氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、芴基中的一个或多个取代基所取代。
更优选地，式(1)中，L0、L1和L2各自独立地选自以下基团组成的组：
Figure BDA0003603322500000041
其中，*表示连接位点。
作为优选，式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基，其中“取代或未取代的…”中的“取代的…”是指被独立地选自由氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、三氟甲基、C3-C8环烷基、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷硫基、C6-C14芳基、C5-C14杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代。
更优选地，式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2中任意两个相邻的取代基形成取代或未取代的5-13元环，且该环上的取代基选自C1-C6烷基。
更优选地，式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自以下基团组成的组：
Figure BDA0003603322500000051
其中，*表示连接位点。
作为优选，式(1)所示的三芳胺化合物选自以下任一个化学结构：
Figure BDA0003603322500000061
Figure BDA0003603322500000071
Figure BDA0003603322500000081
Figure BDA0003603322500000091
Figure BDA0003603322500000101
Figure BDA0003603322500000111
Figure BDA0003603322500000121
本发明还提供一种有机材料，其包含上述任意所述三芳胺类化合物，可以作为有机发光器件的空穴传输层材料。
本发明还提供一种有机发光器件，其包含上述任意所述三芳胺类化合物或者所述有机材料。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的一类包含苯并杂环烷基的三芳胺类化合物中，三芳胺类分子具有优良的空穴传输性能，而苯并杂环烷基基团的引入能够适当降低分子的结晶性，有利于有机电致发光器件寿命的提升。同时，杂原子的引入能够调节分子的能级，满足不同色光器件空穴传输材料的性能要求。将这类化合物作为空穴传输材料应用于有机光致发光器件，能够提高发光效率、器件寿命以及降低器件的驱动电压，可应用于有机光伏、平板显示、照明光源等领域。此外，本发明的三芳胺类有机化合物合成简单，易于产业化生产。
附图说明
图1是实施例中底部发光有机发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是实施例中顶部发光有机发光器件的结构示意图。
附图标记如下：101、基底层；102-第一电极(阳极)；103、空穴注入层；104、第一层空穴传输层；105、第二层空穴传输层；106、有机发光层；107、空穴阻挡层；；108、电子传输层；109、第二电极(阴极)；110、覆盖层。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的一类包含苯并杂环烷基的三芳胺化合物可通过本领域常规的偶联反应制备得到，例如可通过如下合成路线制备得到，但本发明不限于此：
Figure BDA0003603322500000122
本发明的三芳胺类化合物可通过本领域常规的布赫瓦尔德反应得到，即在氮气气氛下，胺化合物i与卤素化合物ii通过布赫瓦尔德反应得到中间体MA，再与包含苯并杂环烷的卤素化合物MB发生布赫瓦尔德反应，并在相应的催化剂、有机碱、配体、溶液以及相应温度下反应获得式(1)所示的化合物，其中卤素原子X2可选为Cl、Br、I，卤素原子X0可选为Cl、Br。
一些实施方式中，当L0为单键时，苯并杂环烷的卤代化合物X0-A可直接通过商业途径获得。当L0不为单键时，可通过本领域常规的铃木偶联反应制备化合物MB：
Figure BDA0003603322500000131
X3、X0均为卤素原子，当X3为I时，X0可选Br或Cl；当X3为Br时，X0为Cl；Y0优选为硼酸基或片哪醇硼酯基，但不局限于此。
本发明对上述反应没有特殊的限制，采用本领域技术人员所熟知的常规反应即可。本发明所述化合物合成步骤少、方法简单，有利于工业化生产。
下面结合合成实施例来具体说明本申请的有机化合物的合成方法。本申请中未提及合成方法的化合物均通过商业途径获得。
(1)中间体MB-1的合成：
Figure BDA0003603322500000132
在氮气氛围下，向三口烧瓶中依次加入5-溴-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃(4.0g,20.1mmol,1eq)，4-氯苯硼酸(3.5g,22.4mmol,1.1eq)，碳酸钾(6.9g,50.2mmol,2.5eq)，四(三苯基膦)钯(116.1mg,0.1mmol,0.5％eq)，以及脱气的甲苯(100mL)、乙醇(60mL)和水(30mL)。上述混合体系在氮气氛围下回流反应16小时，冷却至室温后倒入100mL乙酸乙酯中，静置分层，萃取2次后，合并所得有机相并用无水硫酸镁干燥，过滤并减压蒸馏除去溶剂。将所得粗产品用乙醇重结晶，得到化合物MB-1(3.6g，收率77.6％)。
参照MB-1的方法合成表1所列的MB-X，不同之处在于，使用原料iii-X等当量地代替5-溴-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃，使用原料iv-X等当量地代替4-氯苯硼酸。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0003603322500000133
Figure BDA0003603322500000141
Figure BDA0003603322500000151
Figure BDA0003603322500000161
(2)中间体MA-1的合成：
Figure BDA0003603322500000162
在氮气氛围下，依次向三口瓶中加入4-氨基-1,1’-联苯(5.5g,32.3mmol,1eq)、2-溴-9,9-二苯基芴(12.8g,32.3mmol,1eq)和无水甲苯70mL；升温至70℃后，在氮气氛围下再依次加入叔丁醇钠(5.1g,53.0mmol,1.5eq)、2-二环己基膦-2',4',6'-三异丙基联苯(308.0mg，0.65mmol,2％eq)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(295.8mg,0.32mmol,1％eq)，升温至回流反应1.5小时；然后降至室温，反应液用去离子水洗三次，无水硫酸镁干燥，过滤并减压蒸馏除去溶剂。粗产品通过快速硅胶柱层析色谱柱纯化，得到化合物MA-1(12.8g,收率81.6％)。
参照MA-1的方法合成表2所列的MA-X，不同之处在于，使用原料i-X等当量地代替2-溴-9,9-二苯基芴，使用原料ii-X等当量地代替4-氨基-1,1’-联苯。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表2所示。
表2
Figure BDA0003603322500000171
Figure BDA0003603322500000181
Figure BDA0003603322500000191
(3)化合物HT-13的合成：
Figure BDA0003603322500000192
在氮气氛围下，向三口瓶中依次加入化合物MA-1(6.9g,14.3mmol,1eq)、MB-1(3.3g,14.3mmol,1eq)、甲苯50mL。升温至70℃后，在氮气氛围下再依次加入叔丁醇钠(2.1g,21.5mmol,1.5eq)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基-1,1'-二联苯(117.4mg,0.29mmol,2％eq)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(131.0mg,0.14mmol,1％eq)，升温回流反应3小时。然后降至室温，反应液用去离子水洗三次，无水硫酸镁干燥，过滤并减压蒸馏除去溶剂。粗产品依次通过快速硅胶柱层析色谱柱和正己烷重结晶纯化，得到化合物HT-13(6.1g，收率62.7％)，质谱(m/z)＝680.29[M+H]+。
参照化合物HT-13的方法合成表3所列的化合物HT-X，不同之处在于，使用原料5等当量地代替中间体MA-1，使用原料6等当量地代替中间体MB-1。其中，所使用的主要原料、合成的化合物及其收率、质谱如表3所示。
表3
Figure BDA0003603322500000201
Figure BDA0003603322500000211
Figure BDA0003603322500000221
Figure BDA0003603322500000231
Figure BDA0003603322500000241
红光器件实施例1
按照如图1所示的结构制作红色底部发光有机电致发光器件，制备工艺为：在玻璃材质的基底101上，形成透明阳极ITO膜层(厚度150nm)，得到第一电极102作为阳极。随后利用真空蒸镀法，在阳极表面蒸镀化合物1与化合物2的混合材料作为空穴注入层103，混合比例为3:97(质量比)。随后在空穴注入层上蒸镀100nm厚度的化合物2，得到第一层空穴传输层104。随后在第一空穴传输层上蒸镀10nm厚度的本发明化合物HT-20，得到第二层空穴传输层105。在第二空穴传输层上，将化合物3和化合物4以95:5的质量比进行共蒸镀，形成厚度为40nm的有机发光层106。然后，在有机发光层上，依次蒸镀化合物5形成空穴阻挡层107(厚度10nm)，以及混合比例为4:6(质量比)的化合物6和LiQ形成电子传输层108(厚度30nm)。最后将镁(Mg)和银(Ag)以1∶9的蒸镀速率混合，真空蒸镀在电子注入层上，作为第二电极109，完成有机发光器件的制造。
红光器件实施例2-25
除了在形成第二空穴传输层时，分别以表5中化合物替代化合物HT-20外，采用与红光器件实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例1-2
除了在形成第二空穴传输层时，分别以化合物HT-A、化合物HT-B替代化合物HT-20外，采用与红光器件实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
以上红光器件实施例和对比例使用的主要材料的结构如表4所示。
表4
Figure BDA0003603322500000242
Figure BDA0003603322500000251
对如上制得的有机电致发光器件，其工作电压和效率通过计算机控制的Keithley2400测试系统计算得到。黑暗条件下的器件寿命使用配备电源和光电二极管作为检测单元的Polaronix(McScience Co.)寿命测量系统得到。每一组红光器件实施例和对比例2均与对比例1的器件在同一批次中产出并测试，将对比例1中器件的工作电压、效率和寿命均分别记为1，并分别计算红光器件实施例1-25、对比例2与对比例1的器件相应指标的比值，如表5所示。
表5
Figure BDA0003603322500000252
Figure BDA0003603322500000261
蓝光器件实施例1
按照如图2所示的结构制作蓝色顶部发光有机电致发光器件，制备工艺为：在玻璃材质的基底101上，形成透明阳极ITO膜层，膜厚150nm，得到第一电极102作为阳极，之后蒸镀表5中的化合物2与本发明化合物HT-13的混合材料作为空穴注入层103，混合比例为3:97(质量比)，厚度为10nm，之后蒸镀100nm厚度的化合物HT-13，得到第一层空穴传输层104，然后蒸镀20nm厚度的化合物2-2，得到第二层空穴传输层105，然后以95:5的蒸镀速率蒸镀化合物2-3与化合物2-4(厚度30nm)，制作蓝光发光单元106。然后依次蒸镀10nm厚度的化合物5形成空穴阻挡层107，以及混合比例为4:6(质量比)的化合物6和LiQ形成电子传输层108(厚度30nm)。之后依次将厚度为3nm厚度镱(Yb)，厚度为10nm的镁(Mg)和银(Ag)以1∶9的蒸镀速率真空蒸镀在电子注入层上，作为第二电极109，然后上面蒸镀70nm的化合物7作为覆盖层110，完成有机发光器件的制造。
蓝光器件实施例2-21
除了在形成第二空穴传输层时，分别以表7中化合物替代化合物HT-13外，采用与蓝光器件实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例3-4
除了在形成第二空穴传输层时，分别以化合物HT-A、化合物HT-B替代化合物HT-13外，采用与蓝光器件实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
以上蓝光器件实施例和对比例使用的主要材料的结构如表5所示：
表6
Figure BDA0003603322500000262
Figure BDA0003603322500000271
对如上制得的有机电致发光器件，其工作电压和效率通过计算机控制的Keithley2400测试系统计算得到。黑暗条件下的器件寿命使用配备电源和光电二极管作为检测单元的Polaronix(McScience Co.)寿命测量系统得到。每一组蓝光器件实施例和对比例4均与对比例3的器件在同一批次中产出并测试，将对比例3中器件的工作电压、效率和寿命均分别记为1，并分别计算蓝光器件实施例1-21、对比例4与对比例3的器件相应指标的比值，如表7所示。
表7
第一空穴传输层 相对工作电压 相对效率 相对寿命
对比例3 HT-C 1 1 1
对比例4 HT-D 0.975 1.024 0.950
蓝光器件实施例1 HT-13 0.892 1.198 1.061
蓝光器件实施例2 HT-21 0.904 1.219 1.146
蓝光器件实施例3 HT-23 0.887 1.161 1.157
蓝光器件实施例4 HT-26 0.898 1.113 1.186
蓝光器件实施例5 HT-41 0.909 1.182 1.086
蓝光器件实施例6 HT-53 0.903 1.107 1.166
蓝光器件实施例7 HT-57 0.886 1.125 1.141
蓝光器件实施例8 HT-70 0.894 1.203 1.079
蓝光器件实施例9 HT-87 0.915 1.133 1.171
蓝光器件实施例10 HT-105 0.933 1.238 1.077
蓝光器件实施例11 HT-130 0.923 1.184 1.219
蓝光器件实施例12 HT-168 0.929 1.135 1.196
蓝光器件实施例13 HT-171 0.942 1.177 1.205
蓝光器件实施例14 HT-178 0.957 1.251 1.181
蓝光器件实施例15 HT-191 0.971 1.206 1.240
蓝光器件实施例16 HT-201 0.950 1.221 1.384
蓝光器件实施例17 HT-202 0.956 1.209 1.363
蓝光器件实施例18 HT-213 0.928 1.166 1.225
蓝光器件实施例19 HT-217 0.933 1.347 1.197
蓝光器件实施例20 HT-221 0.948 1.264 1.155
蓝光器件实施例21 HT-222 0.968 1.284 1.198
从表5和表7可以看出，本发明的化合物作为红色底部发光、和蓝色顶部发光有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层材料，得到的器件驱动电压低、发光效率高且使用寿命长。此外，本发明中含苯并杂环烷基单元的化合物还可作为串联有机电致发光器件中与红光、绿光发光层直接接触的空穴传输材层材料，得到的器件效果同样显著。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

1.一种三芳胺类化合物，该化合物具有下式(1)所示的结构：
Figure FDA0003603322490000011
式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基；
L0、L1、L2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30亚杂芳基；
A选自如下式(2)-(4)所示基团中的一种：
Figure FDA0003603322490000012
式(2)-(4)中，Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4和Z5各自独立地选自-CR1R2-、-NR-、O或S，同时满足：式(2)中Z1、Z2和Z3不全为-CR1R2-，式(3)中Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4不全为-CR1R2-，式(4)中Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4和Z5不全为-CR1R2-；
R1和R2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自氢、氘、氘代或未氘代的甲基；
R选自取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C6杂烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12环烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C12芳基；
RA选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷硫基、取代或未取代的C3-C18环烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C18杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C2-C30杂芳基；
n选自0、1、2或3，*表示连接位点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)中，“取代或未取代的”中的“取代的”表示被独立地选自由氘、卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C12烷基、C3-C18环烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基、C6-C30芳基、C2-C30杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代，L0、L1、L2、Ar1和Ar2中的取代基彼此相同或不相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(2)-(4)中，当Z1-Z5中选自-NR-、O或S的取代基个数大于1时，满足任意两个选自-NR-、O或S的取代基之间间隔至少一个-CR1R2-。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(2)中，Z1、Z2和Z3满足Z1和Z3不同时选自S或O中的一个。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(2)中，当Z1和Z3同时为-NR-且Z2为-CR1R2-时，R1和R2不同时为甲基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(2)中，当Z2为O时，Z1和Z3不同时为-CH2-。
7.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)中，A选自以下基团组成的组：
Figure FDA0003603322490000021
Figure FDA0003603322490000031
其中，R1和R2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自氢、氘、氘代或未氘代的甲基；
R选自取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C6杂烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12环烷基、取代或未取代的C3-C12杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C12芳基；
RA选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1-C12烷硫基、取代或未取代的C3-C18环烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C18杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C2-C30杂芳基；
n选自0、1、2或3，*表示连接位点。
8.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)中，L0、L1和L2各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚芴基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚咔唑基；其中，“取代或未取代的…”中的“取代的…”表示被独立地选自由氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、芴基中的一个或多个取代基所取代。
9.根据权利要求8所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)中，L0、L1和L2各自独立地选自以下基团组成的组：
Figure FDA0003603322490000041
其中，*表示连接位点。
10.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2相同或不相同，各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30杂芳基，其中“取代或未取代的…”中的“取代的…”是指被独立地选自由氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、三氟甲基、C3-C8环烷基、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷硫基、C6-C14芳基、C5-C14杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代。
11.根据权利要求10所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2中任意两个相邻的取代基形成取代或未取代的5-13元环，且该环上的取代基选自C1-C6烷基。
12.根据权利要求10所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)中，Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自以下基团组成的组：
Figure FDA0003603322490000051
其中，*表示连接位点。
13.根据权利要求1所述的三芳胺类化合物，其特征在于，式(1)所示的化合物选自以下任一个化学结构：
Figure FDA0003603322490000061
Figure FDA0003603322490000071
Figure FDA0003603322490000081
Figure FDA0003603322490000091
Figure FDA0003603322490000101
Figure FDA0003603322490000111
Figure FDA0003603322490000121
14.一种有机材料，包括权利要求1-13任一项所述三芳胺类化合物中的一种或多种。
15.一种有机发光器件，包括权利要求1-13任一项所述三芳胺类化合物中的一种或多种、或者权利要求14所述的有机材料。
16.根据权利要求15所述的有机发光器件，其特征在于，
包括基板、第一电极、包含发光层和空穴传输层在内的一层以上有机层和第二电极元件；
所述空穴传输层材料含有权利要求1-13任一项所述有机化合物中的一种或多种、或者权利要求14所述的有机材料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的有机发光器件，其特征在于，所述有机发光器件包括有机光伏器件、有机电致发光器件、有机太阳电池、有机电子纸、有机感光体或有机薄膜晶体管。
18.一种显示或照明装置，其特征在于，其包括权利要求14-17任一项所述的有机发光器件。
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