CN114734688A - 一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断及其施工方法 Download PDF

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CN114734688A
CN114734688A CN202111323691.5A CN202111323691A CN114734688A CN 114734688 A CN114734688 A CN 114734688A CN 202111323691 A CN202111323691 A CN 202111323691A CN 114734688 A CN114734688 A CN 114734688A
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laminated plate
fireproof
composite
magnesium phosphate
fire
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曹先慧
王彪
谭金能
张仁魁
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Hunan Xiangdian Boiler & Pressure Vessel Test Center Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断及其施工方法。所述防火隔断包括复合材料层合板防火墙、复合材料层合板防火封堵、电缆孔和结构边界，所述复合材料层合板防火墙的中心设置复合材料层合板防火封堵，所述复合材料层合板防火封堵内设置电缆孔，所述复合材料层合板防火墙的外围设置结构边界，所述的复合材料层合板防火墙由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层和耐热泡沫混凝土层组成；所述复合材料层合板防火封堵由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层、二氧化硅气凝胶薄板和耐热泡沫混凝土层依次层合而成。本发明的防火隔断耐热耐火性能优异，施工便利、无毒害。

Description

一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断及其施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆通道防火技术，特别涉及一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断及其施 工方法。
技术背景
电缆通道结构由于埋藏在地下，火灾蔓延会导致结构内设备烧损，造成巨大的经济损 失，因此，对其防火耐火性能的要求极高。目前，此类通道结构的防火板主要应用氯氧镁水 泥与玻璃纤维复合粘结制成，此类防火板具有一定防火性，但存在强度低，防火隔热效果欠 佳，高温后强度下降大且导热系数高等缺点。而现有电缆孔封堵隔断所用的阻火包、有机泥 等，施工时易导致皮肤过敏，遇水溶胀对墙体有一定的压力，对墙体产生不利影响，且这些 材料含大量的硫和卤素，燃烧时产生大量的SO2、卤化氢等有害气体易造成人员中毒。
中国发明CN201822210229.4公开了一种膨胀型电缆防火隔板，包括以下步骤:A、第一 层不锈钢板与第三层防火板之间设置5-10mm厚高分子混合膨胀层；B、在第三层防火板上 端设有一种带有机涂层的彩涂钢板；C、在彩钢涂层上设有透明防氧化层。其中，高分子混 合膨胀层由聚合硅凝防火胶、膨胀蛭石、聚丙烯耐火短纤维、硅胶、聚氨酯发泡剂组成；采 用该发明的膨胀型电缆防火隔板具有以下特点：高分子混合膨胀层采用遇火膨胀材料，在遇 火时能膨胀20-50倍，迅速填充满电缆空隙，防止火势蔓延。
然而，现有电缆通道防火墙其防火性能欠佳，导热系数高，结构强度低，火灾时膨胀层 膨胀对墙体有所破坏，高温时结构性能迅速下降，从而无法阻止火势的蔓延，且产生大量有 毒气体，不利于消防救援。因此，亟待开发一种综合性能更优、施工便利、无毒害的电缆通 道防火结构。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述问题，本发明提供一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断及其施工 方法。
本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，包括：复合材料层合板防火墙、复合材料层合 板防火封堵、电缆孔和结构边界，所述复合材料层合板防火墙的中心设置复合材料层合板防 火封堵，所述复合材料层合板防火封堵内设置电缆孔，所述复合材料层合板防火墙的外围设 置结构边界，所述的复合材料层合板防火墙由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层和耐热泡沫混凝土层组 成；所述复合材料层合板防火封堵由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层、二氧化硅气凝胶薄板和耐热泡沫 混凝土层依次层合而成。通过上述结构，实现电缆通道特殊结构的防火隔断。
进一步地，所述的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层由磷酸镁系凝胶悬液固化形成(所述的磷酸镁胶 凝材料面层包括复合材料层合板防火墙和复合材料层合板防火封堵的磷酸镁胶凝材料面 层)。
进一步地，所述磷酸镁系凝胶悬液由重烧氧化镁粉、磷酸二氢钾、煅烧蛭石粉、粉煤灰 和硼砂缓凝剂构成；所述的氧化镁粉与磷酸二氢钾的质量比为2：1～4:1，煅烧蛭石粉和粉 煤灰各占凝胶总量的10％～20％，硼砂缓凝剂占氧化镁粉质量的5％～10％。磷酸镁系凝胶按照 所述比例加水拌合即形成磷酸镁胶凝浆体，固化形成磷酸镁胶凝材料。经试验验证，磷酸镁 胶凝材料有良好的耐火耐高温性能，能有效的阻火防火。
进一步地，所述耐热泡沫混凝土由铝酸盐耐火水泥、煅烧白云岩、偏高岭土、骨料、高 效发泡剂构成。
进一步地，所述二氧化硅气凝胶薄板的导热系数为0.013-0.023W/(M·K)，耐火极限不低 于4h。
进一步地，二氧化硅气凝胶薄板与耐热泡沫混凝土之间用磷酸镁胶凝胶粘层粘结；二氧 化硅气凝胶薄板与磷酸镁胶凝材料面层之间自然粘结。
进一步地，复合材料层合板防火封堵中的防火填缝材料为磷酸镁胶凝材料浆体与二氧化 硅气凝胶颗粒混合固化而成。
进一步地，二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒为微米级，导热系数为0.013-0.023W/(M·K)。
上述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断的施工方法，结合图1和图3，具体包括以下 步骤：
(a)配装下层预制复合材料层合板防火墙；
(b)配装第一层复合材料层合板防火封堵(1)，定位好第一排电缆管道后配装第二层 复合材料层合板防火封堵(2)，接着定位好第二排电缆管道，配装第三层复合材料层合板防 火封堵(3)；
(c)配装上层预制复合材料层合板防火墙；
(d)复合材料层合板防火墙利用自重紧密贴合，复合材料层合板防火封堵与电缆之间 采用防火填缝材料封堵；
所述的复合材料层合板防火墙由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层和耐热泡沫混凝土层组成；所述复 合材料层合板防火封堵由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层、二氧化硅气凝胶薄板、磷酸镁胶凝胶粘层和 耐热泡沫混凝土层依次层合而成。
进一步地，所述复合材料层合板防火墙和防火封堵为预制板，能够根据尺寸在工厂或者 现场预制。层合板不含硫和卤素等对人体有害的成分，层合板之间粘接紧密，气密性好，具 有良好的结构强度、优异的耐火性能。
进一步地，复合材料层合板防火墙中的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层厚度为4.5cm以上。经试验 验证，磷酸镁胶凝材料具有良好粘结性能和结构强度，经600℃高温6h后仍保持有较高的 强度。
进一步地，复合材料层合板防火封堵中的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层厚度为3cm以上，磷酸 镁胶凝胶接层厚度为0.5cm以上。
进一步地，复合材料层合板防火封堵中的二氧化硅气凝胶薄板厚度为1cm以上。
进一步地，二氧化硅气凝胶薄板型号为YTAB-L1系列；YTAB-L1系列为成品二氧化硅 气凝胶薄板，其疏水性不小于98％，导热系数不大于0.020W/(M·K)。无卤、无腐蚀性，A级防火，能耐650℃以上的高温。
进一步地，复合材料层合板防火墙和防火封堵中的耐热泡沫混凝土厚度为10cm以上， 由铝酸盐耐火水泥、煅烧白云岩、偏高岭土、骨料、高效发泡剂构成。轻质高强，具有良好 的隔热能力。
进一步地，复合材料层合板防火封堵中的防火填缝材料为磷酸镁胶凝材料悬液与气凝胶 颗粒混合固化而成。
进一步地，二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒为微米级，其疏水性不小于98％，粒径50um-100um， 导热系数不大于0.020W/(M·K)。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、用于防火隔断的复合材料层合板不含硫、卤素等，环保无毒、施工方便。采用磷酸 镁胶凝材料做为面层，具有抗火耐火、强度高，高温后仍具有较高的强度等特点；二氧化硅 气凝胶薄板导热系数低，具有优质的耐火隔热能力；耐热泡沫混凝土做为中间层，轻质高强 耐高温，能够有效阻止温度向受火对侧传递；磷酸镁胶凝做为二氧化硅气凝胶薄板与耐热泡 沫混凝土中间层的胶粘剂，能够有效地与气凝胶薄板及混凝土粘合。
2、本发明创造性地提出一种耐热泡沫混凝土材料。铝酸盐系水泥具有较高的耐热性， 煅烧白云岩耐火可达1800℃、偏高岭土为热力学介稳状态且具有一定胶凝性，可改善其结 构强度。高效发泡剂能够为混凝土中提供丰富且均匀的气孔，实现混凝土轻质化的同时，提 高其隔热性能。
3、复合材料层合板防火封堵填缝材料固化前流动性好，具有良好的成型性能，施工方 便，固化后，封闭程度高，防火性能好。
附图说明
图1为复合材料层合板防火隔断立体结构示意图。
图2为复合材料层合板防火墙结构层示意图。
图3为复合材料层合板防火封堵的立体示意图。
图4为复合材料层合板防火封堵的结构层示意图。
其中，1、第一层复合材料层合板防火封堵，2、第二层复合材料层合板防火封堵，3、第三层复合材料层合板防火封堵；1-1、复合材料层合板防火墙；1-2、复合材料层合板防火封堵；1-3、电缆孔；1-4、结构边界；2-1、磷酸镁胶凝材料面层；2-2、复合材料耐热泡沫 混凝土；3-1磷酸镁胶凝材料面层；3-2二氧化硅气凝胶薄板；3-3、磷酸镁胶凝材料胶粘 层；3-4、复合材料耐热泡沫混凝土。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明公开了一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其具体包括：复合材料层合板防 火墙1-1，复合材料层合板防火封堵1-2，电缆孔1-3和结构边界1-4，所述复合材料层合板 防火墙1-1的中心设置复合材料层合板防火封堵1-2，所述复合材料层合板防火封堵1-2内设 置电缆孔1-3，所述复合材料层合板防火墙1-1的外围设置结构边界1-4，所述的复合材料防 火墙由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层2-1和耐热泡沫混凝土层2-2层合而成；复合材料层合板防火封 堵由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层3-1、二氧化硅气凝胶薄板3-2、磷酸镁胶凝材料胶粘层3-3和耐热 泡沫混凝土3-4依次层合而成。通过上述结构，实现电缆通道特殊结构的防火隔断。
实施例1
磷酸镁系凝胶悬液由重烧氧化镁粉、磷酸二氢钾、煅烧蛭石粉、粉煤灰和硼砂缓凝剂构 成；氧化镁粉与磷酸二氢钾的质量比为3:1，煅烧蛭石粉和粉煤灰分别占凝胶总量的10％， 硼砂缓凝剂占氧化镁粉质量的6％。磷酸镁系凝胶按照所述比例加水拌合即形成磷酸镁胶凝 浆体，固化形成磷酸镁胶凝材料；二氧化硅气凝胶薄板和耐热泡沫混凝土之间的磷酸镁胶粘 层厚度为0.5cm；复合材料层合板防火封堵与电缆之间采用防火填缝材料封堵；复合材料层 合板防火封堵中的防火填缝材料为磷酸镁胶凝材料悬液与气凝胶颗粒混合固化而成。
二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒为微米级，其疏水性不小于98％，粒径为50um，导热系数为0.013 W/(M·K)。
上述复合材料层合板防火墙和防火封堵为预制板，根据尺寸在现场预制。层合板不含硫 和卤素等对人体有害的成分，层合板之间粘接紧密，气密性好，具有良好的结构强度、优异 的耐火性能。
上述复合材料层合板防火墙中的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层厚度为4.5cm。
上述复合材料层合板防火墙中的耐热泡沫混凝土厚度为10cm。由铝酸盐耐火水泥、煅 烧白云岩、偏高岭土、骨料、高效发泡剂和水按拌和浇筑而成。轻质高强，具有良好的隔热 能力。
上述复合材料层合板防火封堵中的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层厚度为3cm。
上述复合材料层合板防火封堵中的二氧化硅气凝胶薄板厚度为1cm。型号为YTAB-L1- 10其疏水性为98％，导热系数为0.017W/(M·K)。无卤、无腐蚀性，A级防火，能耐650℃高温。
上述复合材料层合板防火封堵中的耐热泡沫混凝土厚度为10cm，由铝酸盐耐火水泥、 煅烧白云岩、偏高岭土、骨料、复合发泡剂和水拌和浇筑而成。轻质高强，具有良好的隔热 能力。
最终所得的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其耐火极限不低于2h。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实施方式而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的基础 和理论上之内所作的任何修改、替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其特征在于，包括：复合材料层合板防火墙、复合材料层合板防火封堵、电缆孔和结构边界，所述复合材料层合板防火墙的中心设置复合材料层合板防火封堵，所述复合材料层合板防火封堵内设置电缆孔，所述复合材料层合板防火墙的外围设置结构边界，所述的复合材料层合板防火墙由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层和耐热泡沫混凝土层组成；所述复合材料层合板防火封堵由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层、二氧化硅气凝胶薄板和耐热泡沫混凝土层依次层合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其特征在于，所述的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层由磷酸镁系凝胶悬液固化形成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其特征在于，所述磷酸镁系凝胶悬液由重烧氧化镁粉、磷酸二氢钾、煅烧蛭石粉、粉煤灰和硼砂缓凝剂构成；所述的氧化镁粉与磷酸二氢钾的质量比为2：1～4:1，煅烧蛭石粉和粉煤灰各占凝胶总量的10％～20％，硼砂缓凝剂占氧化镁粉质量的5％～10％。磷酸镁系凝胶按照所述比例加水拌合即形成磷酸镁胶凝浆体，固化形成磷酸镁胶凝材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其特征在于，所述耐热泡沫混凝土由铝酸盐耐火水泥、煅烧白云岩、偏高岭土、骨料、高效发泡剂构成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其特征在于，所述二氧化硅气凝胶薄板的导热系数为0.013-0.023W/(M·K)，耐火极限不低于4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其特征在于，二氧化硅气凝胶薄板与耐热泡沫混凝土之间用磷酸镁胶凝胶粘层粘结；二氧化硅气凝胶薄板与磷酸镁胶凝材料面层之间自然粘结。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断，其特征在于，复合材料层合板防火封堵中的防火填缝材料为磷酸镁胶凝材料浆体与二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒混合固化而成；所述二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒为微米级，导热系数为0.013-0.023W/(M·K)。
8.权利要求1至7任一项所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(a)配装下层预制复合材料层合板防火墙；
(b)配装第一层复合材料层合板防火封堵，定位好第一排电缆管道后配装第二层复合材料层合板防火封堵，接着定位好第二排电缆管道，配装第三层复合材料层合板防火封堵；
(c)配装上层预制复合材料层合板防火墙；
(d)复合材料层合板防火墙利用自重紧密贴合，复合材料层合板防火封堵与电缆之间采用防火填缝材料封堵；
所述的复合材料层合板防火墙由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层和耐热泡沫混凝土层组成；所述复合材料层合板防火封堵由磷酸镁胶凝材料面层、二氧化硅气凝胶薄板、磷酸镁胶凝胶粘层和耐热泡沫混凝土层依次层合而成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断的施工方法，其特征在于，所述复合材料层合板防火墙和防火封堵为预制板，能够根据尺寸在工厂或者现场预制；复合材料层合板防火墙中的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层厚度为4.5cm以上；复合材料层合板防火封堵中的磷酸镁胶凝材料面层厚度为3cm以上，磷酸镁胶凝胶接层厚度为0.5cm以上；复合材料层合板防火封堵中的二氧化硅气凝胶薄板厚度为1cm以上；二氧化硅气凝胶薄板型号为YTAB-L1系列；YTAB-L1系列为成品二氧化硅气凝胶薄板，其疏水性不小于98％，导热系数不大于0.020W/(M·K)。无卤、无腐蚀性，A级防火，能耐650℃以上的高温；复合材料层合板防火墙和防火封堵中的耐热泡沫混凝土厚度为10cm以上，由铝酸盐耐火水泥、煅烧白云岩、偏高岭土、骨料、高效发泡剂构成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的电缆通道复合材料层合板防火隔断的施工方法，其特征在于，复合材料层合板防火封堵中的防火填缝材料为磷酸镁胶凝材料悬液与气凝胶颗粒混合固化而成；所述二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒为微米级，其疏水性不小于98％，粒径50um-100um，导热系数不大于0.020W/(M·K)。
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