CN114718594B - Slow-inclination loose coal seam roadway roof and two-side anchoring structure and construction method - Google Patents
Slow-inclination loose coal seam roadway roof and two-side anchoring structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114718594B CN114718594B CN202111337708.2A CN202111337708A CN114718594B CN 114718594 B CN114718594 B CN 114718594B CN 202111337708 A CN202111337708 A CN 202111337708A CN 114718594 B CN114718594 B CN 114718594B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
- E21D11/20—Special cross- sections, e.g. corrugated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/28—Longitudinal struts, i.e. longitudinal connections between adjoining arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D19/00—Provisional protective covers for working space
- E21D19/02—Provisional protective covers for working space for use in longwall working
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0086—Bearing plates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Abstract
The invention relates to a roadway roof and two-side anchoring and protecting structure of a slowly-inclined loose coal seam and a construction method, belongs to the technical field of roadway surrounding rocks, and solves the problems that the mechanical properties of two sides and the roof of the existing slowly-inclined loose coal seam are large in difference and difficult to control. The invention relates to a method for building a tunnel top plate and two sides of an anchoring structure of a slowly inclined loose coal seam, which comprises the following steps: tunneling and anchoring top plate surrounding rocks to prepare for building an anchoring and protecting structure; after the roadway is tunneled, hanging a front control beam in real time according to the footage of the roadway, and then building a temporary support; after the temporary support is built, a fixed anchoring structure is built; and according to the footage of the roadway, after the construction of the fixed anchoring and protecting structure is completed, the next circulation of tunneling and the construction of the anchoring and protecting structure is carried out. According to the invention, through the synergistic anchoring and protecting effects of the second steel wire meshes, the flame-retardant plates, the side protecting beams and the anchor rods close to the shoulder angles on the two sides of the roadway, the coal body at the resistance side part generates obvious deformation and damage, so that the side caving or side caving is avoided, and the safety and stability of the roadway are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roadway surrounding rocks, in particular to a slowly-inclined loose coal seam roadway roof, a two-side anchoring structure and a construction method.
Background
The loose coal bed is common in coal mine engineering, and due to the fact that the coal bed is broken and loose, coal bodies can be broken by hand, are in a broken block shape and fall along with excavation, and the coal wall is prone to rib spalling. In addition, the anchor rods cannot be drilled on two sides of the roadway of the soft coal seam, so that a plurality of coal mines have to be supported in a shed erecting mode. Because the shed belongs to passive support, the crushing and loosening range of two sides and a top plate of the roadway is larger and larger, the roadway is finally deformed greatly until being damaged, and the difficulty in repairing the roadway is very large.
Aiming at the problems of large difference of mechanical properties between the side part of the nearly horizontal loose coal seam and the top plate, difficult control and the like, the invention provides an anchor protection structure for actively controlling the top plate through an anchor rod-anchor rope-anchor net and actively and passively combining the anchor rod-side protection beam-anchor net on the side part, and the anchor protection structure has great significance and value for realizing the stability control and the safe production of the laneway of the loose coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a roadway roof and two-side anchoring structure of a slowly-inclined loose coal seam and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problems of large difference in mechanical properties between two sides of the existing slowly-inclined loose coal seam and the roof and difficulty in control.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for building a tunnel top plate and two anchor protection structures of a slowly inclined loose coal seam comprises the following steps:
step S1: tunneling a roadway and anchoring surrounding rocks of a top plate to prepare for building an anchoring and protecting structure;
step S2: after the roadway is tunneled, hanging a front control beam in real time according to the footage of the roadway, and then building a temporary support;
and step S3: after the temporary support is built, a fixed anchoring structure is built;
and step S4: and (4) according to the roadway footage, after the construction of the fixed anchor structure is completed, the next circulation of tunneling and the construction of the anchor structure is carried out.
Further, step S1 includes the following steps:
step S1.1: excavating a roadway, wherein the excavation width of a roadway bottom plate is not smaller than the design width, and the overexcavation width is used as a reserved space for loose coal deformation damage and even rib spalling after the roadway is excavated;
step S1.2: carrying out roof surrounding rock anchoring in the process of roadway excavation, and carrying out cooperative anchoring on the roof by using an anchor rod, an anchor cable and an anchor net;
step S1.3: and (4) mounting anchor rods, and mounting I-shaped trays on the anchor rods positioned at the two sides of the designed width of the roadway.
Further, in step S1.2, not less than 3 anchor cables are arranged along the width direction of the roadway roof.
Further, in step S1.3, two anchor rods located at the designed width of the roadway are installed perpendicular to the roadway roof.
Further, in step S1.3, the web of the i-tray runs parallel to the lane.
Further, in the step S2, the temporary support comprises I-shaped steel sheds, the shed distance of every two adjacent I-shaped steel sheds is equal to the row distance of the anchor rods, and the I-shaped steel sheds and the anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode and erected.
Further, step S3 includes the following steps:
step S3.1: after the temporary support is erected, erecting a side wall protecting beam at the designed width of the roadway between every two I-shaped steel sheds;
step S3.2: after the side wall protecting beams on the left side and the right side of the same section are erected, removing an I-shaped steel shed for temporary supporting behind the side wall protecting beams, and paving a second steel wire mesh;
step S3.3: and paving a flame-retardant plate between the second steel wire mesh and the side protecting beam.
Further, in step S3.1, after the side wall beam is installed, the side wall beam is bound with the i-shaped tray.
The construction method comprises a temporary supporting structure and a fixed anchoring structure, wherein the temporary supporting structure comprises an I-shaped steel shed and a first steel wire mesh, the fixed anchoring structure comprises a side protecting beam, an anchor rod and an I-shaped tray, and the temporary supporting structure is detached in the construction process of the fixed anchoring structure.
Further, the length of the side wall beam is greater than the height from the top plate to the bottom plate at the installation position of the side wall beam.
The invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the gentle slope loose coal seam roadway roof and the two-side anchoring and protecting structure and the building method, the second steel wire meshes, the flame-retardant plates, the side protecting beams and the anchor rods close to the shoulder angles on the two sides of the roadway have the synergistic anchoring and protecting effect, so that the coal body at the resistance side part is obviously deformed and damaged, the side caving or caving is avoided, and the safety and the stability of the roadway are ensured.
(2) According to the invention, the I-shaped tray is bound with the upper part of the side wall protecting beam, and partial side pressure born by the side wall protecting beam is transferred to the inner part of the shoulder angle of the top plate through the anchor rod, so that the cooperative control of the top plate and the side wall part is realized, and the stability and the safe production of the roadway are maintained.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout, are for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments only and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a roadway top plate and two sides of a slightly inclined loose coal seam in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of anchoring a top plate of a slowly-inclined loose coal seam roadway according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a top plate and two sides of a roadway of a gently inclined loose coal seam according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the area a of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a I-tray according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an upper guard beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-anchor rod, 2-anchor cable, 3-I-shaped tray, 301-tray body, 302-web plate, 303-through hole, 304-lock hole, 4-I-shaped steel shed, 5-first steel wire mesh, 6-flame retardant plate, 7-second steel wire mesh, 8-side-protecting beam and 801-oxnose ring.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the term "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integrated connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "top," "bottom," "above … …," "down," and "above … …" as used throughout the description are relative positions with respect to components of the device, such as the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, regardless of their orientation in space.
Example 1
One embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, discloses a method for constructing a top plate and two side anchoring structures of a slowly inclined loose coal seam roadway, comprising the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of tunneling a roadway and anchoring surrounding rocks of a top plate, and is prepared for the construction of an anchoring and protecting structure:
step S1.1: and excavating a roadway, wherein the excavation width of the roadway is not less than the design width, and the over-excavation width is used as a reserved space for deformation and damage of loose coal bodies and even caving of the excavated roadway.
Specifically, the designed width of the tunnel is a (unit is mm, the same applies below), but during tunnel excavation, in order to maintain the width required by the tunnel and reserve a certain space for the loose coal seam to collapse during tunnel excavation, the actual tunnel excavation width is x = a +2b, wherein b is the overexcavation width of two sides of the tunnel.
Further, the value range of b is: b =0-20mm after the roadway is excavated and when the coal side is stable and cannot scatter by itself; when the coal side is scattered but not collapsed, b =80-120mm; when the coal upper is obviously scattered and even partially caving, b =160-200mm; and when the rib caving occurs immediately after the coal wall excavation, b =260-300mm.
Step S1.2: and carrying out roof surrounding rock anchoring in the process of tunneling, and carrying out cooperative anchoring on the roof by using the anchor rods 1, the anchor cables 2 and the anchor net to reduce the subsidence of the roof and the pressure on the coal side so as to prevent the side from caving after the coal body collapses or the side collapses.
Specifically, the anchor cables 2 are drilled on the top plate of the roadway, and at least 3 anchor cables 2 are arranged in the width direction of the top plate of the roadway. When 3 anchor cables 2 are arranged, one anchor cable 2 is arranged in the middle along the axial center line of the top plate; when the number of the anchor cables 2 is larger than 3, the anchor cables 2 are symmetrically arranged along the axis centerline of the top plate according to the specific number of the anchor cables 2.
Furthermore, the left side and the right side of the top plate, which are closest to the shoulder angles, are respectively provided with an anchor cable 2, and the anchor cables 2 are inclined to the coal side by a certain angle theta, so that the anchor cables 2 play a role in inclined pulling control, the sinking of the top plate is reduced, and the roof collapse is further prevented.
Further, the value range of θ is: after the roadway is excavated, when the coal side is stable and cannot scatter automatically, theta =8-10 degrees; when the coal side is scattered but cannot be cracked, theta =15-17 degrees; when the coal side is obviously scattered or even partially caving, theta =25-27 degrees; when the rib caving occurs immediately after the coal wall is excavated, theta =30-32 degrees.
Furthermore, the pretightening force of the top plate anchor cable 2 is 200kN, the anchor cable 2 is subjected to tension force detection and destructive test, the anchoring force and the pretightening force of the anchor cable 2 meet requirements, and the sinking of the top plate and the pressure on the two sides are reduced to the maximum extent.
Step S1.3: and (3) installing anchor rods 1, and installing I-shaped trays 3 on the anchor rods 1 positioned at the two sides of the designed width of the roadway.
Specifically, anchor rods 1 are arranged along the width direction of a roadway roof, one anchor rod 1 is arranged on each of two sides of the designed width of the roadway, I-shaped trays 3 are respectively installed on the two anchor rods 1, the rest anchor rods 1 are arranged between the two anchor rods 1, and the number of the anchor rods is determined according to the length of the roof, the lithology and the like.
Further, two anchor rods 1 located at the designed width of the roadway are installed perpendicular to the roadway roof to facilitate installation of the i-shaped tray 3.
In this embodiment, the i-shaped tray 3 includes a tray body 301 and a web 302, the tray body 301 is a rectangular plate, the two tray bodies 301 are parallel to each other, and the web 302 is located between the two tray bodies 301 and perpendicular to the tray bodies 301. The drum pallet 3 is also provided with through holes 303, which through holes 303 extend through the web 302 and the two pallet bodies 301 for connecting the anchor rods. The web 302 is further provided with two locking holes 304, and the two locking holes 304 penetrate through the thickness direction of the web 301 and are distributed on two sides of the through hole 303.
In this embodiment, during the tunneling and the surrounding rock anchoring, the i-shaped tray 3 is installed on the anchor rod 1 located at the designed width of the tunnel, and during the installation, the anchor rod 1 passes through the through hole 303 of the i-shaped tray 3, and then the tray and the nut are installed on the anchor rod 1, and the nut is screwed, thereby fixing the i-shaped tray 3.
Further, the web 302 of the drum 3 runs parallel to the lane.
In this embodiment, the stock tray is installed to the stock 1 of all the other positions, and the stock tray is the square board of middle trompil, and exemplarily, 6 specifications of stock tray are 150X 10mm, and stock 1 passes the through-hole of stock tray and fixes through the nut.
Furthermore, the pretightening force of the anchor rod 1 is 100kN, and the anchor rod 1 is subjected to pretightening force detection and destructive test to ensure that the anchoring force and the pretightening force of the anchor rod 1 meet the requirements.
Step S2: and after the roadway is tunneled, hanging a front control beam in real time according to the footage of the roadway, and then building a temporary support.
Specifically, after the roadway is tunneled, the front control beam is hung immediately according to the footage of the roadway, and then the I-shaped steel shed 4 is erected for temporary support, so that large-area wall caving and roof caving of the roadway are prevented.
In the embodiment, the shed distance of two adjacent h-shaped steel sheds 4 is equal to the row distance of the anchor rods 1, the h-shaped steel sheds 4 and the anchor rods 1 are arranged and erected in a staggered mode, and the h-shaped steel sheds 4 are erected in the middle of every two rows of anchor rods and are attached to the upper portions.
Each I-steel shed 4 is composed of three I-steel beams and is respectively arranged on two sides of the roadway and the top plate. The I-steel at the top plate is tightly attached to the top plate, and the I-steel at the two sides is in lap joint with the I-steel at the top plate through a fixing device, so that the I-steel shed 4 is fixed.
Furthermore, after the I-shaped steel shed 4 is erected, a first steel wire mesh 5 is laid between the I-shaped steel shed 4 and the coal side immediately, and the coal body is prevented from collapsing more. The first steel wire mesh 5 plays a role in temporary support, and after the tunnel roof and the two-side anchoring and protecting structure are built, the first steel wire mesh 5 and the I-shaped steel shed 4 are detached together.
And step S3: after the temporary support construction is finished, a fixed anchoring structure is constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S3.1: after the I-shaped steel sheds 4 are erected for temporary support, the side protecting beams 8 are immediately erected at the designed width of the roadway between every two I-shaped steel sheds 4 according to the roadway length, and are used for anchoring and protecting the coal bodies at the sides.
In this embodiment, the side wall beam 8 is made of section steel (e.g., i-steel, H-steel, square steel, etc.). When the side wall protecting beam 8 is made of I-shaped steel or H-shaped steel, the upper parts of two wing plates of the I-shaped steel or the H-shaped steel are respectively welded with a bull nose ring 801; when the side wall protecting beam 8 is made of square steel, the upper parts of two opposite surfaces of the square steel are respectively welded with a bull nose ring 801.
Further, the side wall protection beams 8 are erected on both sides in the roadway width direction and are located outside the i-shaped tray 3 (i.e., on the side close to the side wall portion).
Further, the lower part of the upper guard beam 8 needs to be pricked below the bottom plate, and exemplarily, the upper guard beam 8 is pricked 200mm below the bottom plate, and as shown in fig. 3, the bottom plate is pricked by digging a pit.
Further, after the side wall protection beam 8 is installed, the ox-nose ring 801 on the upper portion of the side wall protection beam 8 is bound with the lock hole 304 of the h-shaped tray 3 through a steel wire rope and the like, and the side wall protection beam 8 is prevented from falling down after being stressed.
Step S3.2: after the side wall protecting beams 8 on the left side and the right side of the same section are erected, the temporary supports behind the side wall protecting beams 8 are detached, and the second steel wire meshes 7 are laid.
Specifically, after the side wall protecting beams 8 on the left side and the right side of the same section are erected, the I-shaped steel sheds 4 and the first steel wire meshes 5 behind the side wall protecting beams (behind the tunneling direction of the roadway) are immediately detached, the second steel wire meshes 7 are laid, and the second steel wire meshes 7 are laid between the side wall protecting beams 8 and the coal walls.
Further, the second steel wire mesh 7 is paved from the bottom plate to the top plate, the upper portion of the second steel wire mesh 7 is in lap joint and binding with the anchor net of the top plate, no gap is reserved, and therefore loose coal bodies are prevented from falling into a roadway.
Further, in the laying process of the second steel wire mesh 7, the second steel wire mesh 7 is overlapped and bound along the direction of the roadway to be connected into a whole.
Step S3.3: after the second steel wire mesh 7 is laid, the flame-retardant plate 6 is immediately laid between the second steel wire mesh 7 and the side protecting beam 8 to prevent loose coal bodies from sliding into the space in the roadway.
In the embodiment, the thickness of the flame-retardant plate 6 is not less than 10mm, the flame-retardant plate 6 is made of materials such as a fire-resistant plate, and the flame-retardant plate 6 is lapped and bound along the direction of a roadway in the laying process of the flame-retardant plate 6, so that the flame-retardant plate 6 is connected into a whole.
And step S4: and according to the footage of the roadway, after the construction of the fixed anchoring and protecting structure is completed, the next circulation of tunneling and the construction of the anchoring and protecting structure is carried out.
And (3) according to the roadway footage, completing the construction of the side wall protecting beams 8 at the two sides, the second steel wire mesh 7 and the flame retardant plates 6, and entering the construction of the tunneling and anchoring structure of the next cycle.
In the embodiment, when the loose coal body generates a rib to be slipped into the space in the roadway, the flame-retardant plate, the second steel wire mesh and the protective rib Liang Qidao have the function of impedance support. Furthermore, the upper parts of the I-shaped net shed legs are bound through the I-shaped trays, partial side pressure born by the side wall protecting beams is transferred to the inner part of the shoulder angle of the top plate through the I-shaped trays and the anchor rods, and the synergistic anchoring and protecting effect of the side wall parts and the top plate is exerted.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, discloses a gentle dip loose coal seam roadway roof and two-side anchoring structure, which is built by adopting the building method of embodiment 1, the anchoring structure comprises a temporary supporting structure and a fixed anchoring structure, the temporary supporting structure comprises an I-shaped steel shed 4 and a first steel wire mesh 5, the fixed anchoring structure comprises a side protecting beam 8, an anchor rod 1 and an I-shaped tray 3, and the temporary supporting structure is dismantled in the building process of the fixed anchoring structure.
As shown in fig. 1, each i-steel shed 4 comprises three i-steel beams which are mutually overlapped, the three i-steel beams are respectively arranged at two sides and a top plate of a roadway, the i-steel beams at the top plate are tightly attached to the top plate, and the i-steel beams at the two sides are overlapped with the i-steel beams at the top plate through a fixing device, so that the i-steel sheds 4 are fixed, and later-period dismantling is facilitated.
The first steel wire mesh 5 is arranged between the I-shaped steel shed 4 and the coal side to form a temporary supporting structure, so that more collapse of the coal body is prevented.
In this embodiment, the i-shaped tray 3 includes a tray body 301 and a web 302, the tray body 301 is a rectangular plate, the two tray bodies 301 are parallel to each other, and the web 302 is located between the two tray bodies 301 and perpendicular to the tray bodies 301. The drum pallet 3 is also provided with through holes 303, which through holes 303 extend through the web 302 and the two pallet bodies 301 for connecting the anchor rods. The web 302 is further provided with two locking holes 304, and the two locking holes 304 penetrate through the thickness direction of the web 301 and are distributed on two sides of the through hole 303.
Preferably, the dimensions of the drum 3 are 300mm in length, 200mm in width and 200mm in total height; wherein, the tray body 301 is a rectangular plate with the size of 300mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 30mm, and the size of the web plate 302 is 300mm (length) multiplied by 140mm (height) multiplied by 50mm (thickness).
Further, the through-hole 303 has a diameter of 30mm and a hole height of 200mm, and penetrates the upper and lower tray bodies 301 and the web 302. The locking hole 304 has a diameter of 60mm and penetrates the web 302.
The i-shaped tray 3 is installed on the anchor rod 1 located at the designed width of the roadway, the anchor rod 1 passes through the through hole 303 of the i-shaped tray 3, and then the tray and the nut are installed on the anchor rod 1, and the nut is tightened, thereby fixing the i-shaped tray 3.
Further, the web 302 runs parallel to the roadway when the drum 3 is installed.
In this embodiment, the side wall beam 8 is made of section steel (e.g., i-steel, H-steel, square steel, etc.). When the side wall protecting beam 8 is made of I-shaped steel or H-shaped steel, the upper parts of two wing plates of the I-shaped steel or the H-shaped steel are respectively welded with a bull nose ring 801; when the side wall protecting beam 8 is made of square steel, the upper parts of two opposite surfaces of the square steel are respectively welded with a bull nose ring 801. Fig. 6 shows a side wall 8 made of i-steel.
Further, the side wall protection beams 8 are erected on both sides in the roadway width direction and are located outside the i-shaped tray 3 (i.e., on the side close to the side wall portion).
Further, the length of the side wall protecting beam 8 is larger than the height from the top plate to the bottom plate at the installation position of the side wall protecting beam 8, so that the bottom of the side wall protecting beam 8 can be pricked below the bottom plate, and the side wall protecting beam is fixed.
Preferably, the length of the highwall 8 is greater than 200mm of the ceiling-to-floor height at the location where the highwall 8 is installed.
Furthermore, the ox-nose ring 801 on the upper part of the side wall protection beam 8 is bound with the lock hole 304 of the I-shaped tray 3 through a steel wire rope and the like, so that the side wall protection beam 8 is prevented from toppling over after being stressed.
Furthermore, the fixed anchoring structure further comprises a second steel wire mesh 7 and a flame-retardant plate 6, the second steel wire mesh 7 is laid between the side protecting beam 8 and the coal side, the second steel wire mesh 7 is laid from the bottom plate to the top plate, and the upper portion of the second steel wire mesh 7 is lapped and bound with the top plate anchoring net without a gap so as to prevent loose coal bodies from falling into the roadway.
Further, the flame-retardant plates 6 are laid between the second steel wire mesh 7 and the side wall protecting beam 8, the thickness of the flame-retardant plates 6 is not less than 10mm, and the flame-retardant plates 6 are overlapped and bound along the direction of a roadway in the laying process of the flame-retardant plates 6 to be connected into a whole.
In summary, according to the slowly-inclined loose coal seam roadway roof, the two-side anchoring and protecting structure and the construction method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the second steel wire meshes, the flame-retardant plates, the side protecting beams and the anchor protectors close to the shoulder anchor rods on the two sides of the roadway are cooperatively anchored, so that the coal body at the resistance side part is obviously deformed and damaged, and the occurrence of side spalling or side caving is avoided. Meanwhile, the I-shaped tray is bound with the upper part of the side wall protecting beam, and partial side pressure born by the side wall protecting beam is transferred to the inner part of a shoulder angle of the top plate through the anchor rod, so that the cooperative control of the top plate and the side wall part is realized, and the stability and the safe production of the roadway are kept.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for building a tunnel top plate and two anchor protection structures of a slowly inclined loose coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: tunneling and anchoring top plate surrounding rocks to prepare for building an anchoring and protecting structure;
step S2: after the roadway is tunneled, hanging a front control beam in real time according to the footage of the roadway, and then building a temporary support;
and step S3: after the temporary support construction is finished, a fixed anchor structure is constructed;
and step S4: according to the footage of the roadway, after the construction of the fixed anchoring and protecting structure is completed, the next circulation of tunneling and the construction of the anchoring and protecting structure is carried out;
in step S1, the method includes the following steps:
step S1.1: excavating a roadway, wherein the excavation width of a roadway bottom plate is not smaller than the design width, and the overexcavation width is used as a reserved space for loose coal deformation damage and even rib spalling after the roadway is excavated;
step S1.2: carrying out roof surrounding rock anchoring in the process of roadway excavation, and carrying out cooperative anchoring on the roof by using an anchor rod (1), an anchor rope (2) and an anchor net;
step S1.3: installing anchor rods (1), and installing I-shaped trays (3) on the anchor rods (1) positioned at two sides of the designed width of the roadway;
in the step S2, the temporary support comprises I-shaped steel sheds (4), the shed distance between every two adjacent I-shaped steel sheds (4) is equal to the row distance of the anchor rods (1), and the I-shaped steel sheds (4) and the anchor rods (1) are arranged in a staggered mode and erected;
in step S3, the method includes the following steps:
step S3.1: after the temporary supports are erected, erecting a side wall protecting beam (8) at the designed width of the roadway between every two I-shaped steel sheds (4);
step S3.2: after the side wall protecting beams (8) which are beneficial to the left side and the right side of the same section are erected, the I-shaped steel sheds (4) for temporary support behind the side wall protecting beams (8) are dismantled, and second steel wire meshes (7) are laid;
step S3.3: a flame-retardant plate (6) is laid between the second steel wire mesh (7) and the side wall protecting beam (8);
in step S3.1, after the side wall beam (8) is installed, the side wall beam (8) is bound to the i-shaped tray (3).
2. The method for constructing the roadway roof and the two-side anchoring structure of the gently inclined loose coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1.2, not less than 3 anchor cables (2) are arranged along the width direction of the roadway roof.
3. The method for building the roadway roof and the two-side anchoring structure of the gently inclined loose coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1.3, two anchor rods (1) at the designed width of the roadway are installed perpendicular to the roadway roof.
4. The method for constructing a roadway roof and two-side anchoring structure of a gently inclined loose coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in step S1.3, the web (302) of the I-shaped tray (3) is parallel to the roadway direction.
5. A gentle dip loose coal seam tunnel roof and two sides anchor structure, use the construction method of any claim 1-4 to build, characterized by that, including temporary supporting structure and fixed anchor structure, the temporary supporting structure includes I-steel canopy (4) and first wire net (5), the fixed anchor structure includes protecting the wall beam (8), stock (1) and I-shaped tray (3), demolish the temporary supporting structure in the course of building of the fixed anchor structure.
6. The roof and two-side anchoring structure of the roadway with the gently inclined loose coal seam as claimed in claim 5, wherein the length of the side wall beam (8) is greater than the height from the roof to the bottom plate at the installation position of the side wall beam (8).
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| RU2000438C1 (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1993-09-07 | Константин Аркадьевич Ардашев | Method of securing rock workings |
| CN102839984B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-05-06 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Oversized-section underground supporting structure |
| CN104453944A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-03-25 | 山东科技大学 | Coal-pillar-impacting-preventing roadway protecting method |
| CN105201524B (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-06-30 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of pre- spare anchor net right angle in extremely soft seam tunnel can contracting canopy Support Method |
| CN106522980A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-22 | 四川达竹煤电(集团)有限责任公司金刚煤矿 | Gob-side roadway protection support for inclined middle-thickness coal bed layered roof and construction method for gob-side roadway protection support |
| CN105545331B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-07-24 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of anti-wall caving bar of big cross section Driving Face in Coal Tunnel and method for protecting support |
| CN106014458B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-06-05 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of high inclination-angle extremely soft seam stope drift active workings anchor net abnormity canopy graded supporting technology |
| CN106194203A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-07 | 百色百矿集团有限公司 | A kind of coal-mine soft-rock method for protecting support |
| CN106121676A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-16 | 百色百矿集团有限公司 | A kind of supporting construction and method for protecting support thereof protecting lane for gob side entry retaining |
| CN206581958U (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-10-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of large-inclination-angle coal bed new stope drift active workings support system |
| CN209324371U (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-08-30 | 肥城曹庄煤矿有限公司 | Anchor net beam combined retaining structure |
| CN110118085A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-08-13 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of compound advanced secondary tunneling method in two lane of top working face of large mining depth high working face |
| CN112065394B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-10-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Roof cutting and roadway retaining cooperative anchoring and protecting structure and construction method thereof |
| CN213574101U (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-06-29 | 淮河能源西部煤电集团有限责任公司 | Wall caving prevention supporting structure for stoping roadway of fractured developing coal bed |
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