CN107339114B - Mountain highway tunnel portal critical slope pre-balancing stable control structure and method - Google Patents
Mountain highway tunnel portal critical slope pre-balancing stable control structure and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107339114B CN107339114B CN201710427175.4A CN201710427175A CN107339114B CN 107339114 B CN107339114 B CN 107339114B CN 201710427175 A CN201710427175 A CN 201710427175A CN 107339114 B CN107339114 B CN 107339114B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-balancing and stabilizing control structure and method for critical side slopes of tunnel portals of mountain roads, and belongs to the field of construction. According to the invention, mechanical balance is realized by supporting and blocking back pressure at the slope toe of the tunnel portal, and the pre-balance stability control scheme of advance pipe shed and arch protection support zero-excavation tunnel entry is matched, so that the pre-balance stability control scheme and the pre-arch protection stability control scheme are combined to further play a role of integrally stabilizing the high and steep critical slope of the portal in advance, and the instability risk is avoided in the tunnel excavation support process. In addition, by adopting the short step reserved core soil approximate full-section construction method, the tunnel partial excavation supporting construction is close to the plane mechanics problem, the tunnel design is kept consistent, and the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel can be ensured under the approximate full-section excavation mode. The method also avoids the problem of support stability of the weak link of the intermediate node of the primary steel support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of construction methods, and particularly relates to a critical slope pre-balancing stability control structure and method for a tunnel portal of a highway in a mountain area.
Background
The method is characterized in that part of mountain highway tunnels constructed in China need to pass through high and steep critical slopes due to planning requirements, the design specifications emphasize design and construction according to the New Olympic method, but the hidden applicable conditions of the New Olympic method are that the mountain is integrally stable, and the stability problem of surrounding rocks is only researched. When the highway tunnel in the mountain area needs to pass through the high and steep critical slope of the hole due to planning requirements, the stability problem of the high and steep slope of the hole is often neglected in the existing design and construction, and the collapse and even casualty accidents of the hole construction are sometimes caused. At present, there are more methods for preventing and treating slope slump risk, such as anchor rod or anchor cable reinforcement, anti-slide pile support, excavation and removal of slide blocks, unloading reinforcement, open cut tunnel extension and the like. However, these methods start to take measures after the occurrence of a slumping sign or an accident, and at this time, repair is not only wasteful of manpower and financial resources, but also easily causes a secondary accident. Therefore, the method has more important practical significance for pre-balancing and stabilizing the critical slope of the opening during tunnel construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that tunnel construction collapse is easy to occur when the rock mass of the critical side slope of the tunnel portal is poor, and provides a pre-balance stability control method for the critical side slope of the tunnel portal of a highway in a mountain area, so that the problem of the stability balance between the design of the critical side slope and the construction mechanics is prevented from being deviated.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the critical side slope pre-balancing and stabilizing control structure for the tunnel entrance of the highway in the mountainous area is characterized in that a toe supporting retaining wall is arranged on one side, away from a mountain, of a side slope of the tunnel entrance to the tunnel to be excavated, a square layer of earth and stone is filled on the slope of the tunnel top, one side of the square layer of earth and stone is lapped on the toe supporting retaining wall, and a toe supporting retaining structure provides a supporting and balancing force towards the mountain; the bottom of the earth-rock square layer and/or the slope toe retaining wall is anchored in a mountain body through anchor rods; leading pipe sheds are arranged in surrounding rocks of an entrance and exit hole of a tunnel to be excavated at intervals along the outer edge of a tunnel contour line, cement mortar is filled in the leading pipe sheds, reinforced concrete retaining arches are poured on groove-shaped foundations excavated at the positions of the tunnel retaining arches, and the leading pipe sheds and the retaining arches are combined into a whole to serve as a tunnel leading pre-supporting structure.
The high and steep critical side slope easily causes the original side slope mechanics balance system to suffer destruction in the tunnel excavation process, and in the tunnel excavation process, can lead to there being sufficient power to support the flaring of remaining mountain body after some mountain bodies are dug, and the effort of mountain body can cause the mechanical instability to cause the side slope to collapse on the one hand, and on the other hand can exert the lateral flaring power for the tunnel of long-term follow-up construction, leads to structures such as tunnel archways to appear damaging or even the risk of collapsing in the long-term. In the invention, the high and steep critical slope is pre-balanced and stably controlled in the longitudinal and lateral directions before the tunnel is excavated: on one hand, a toe supporting retaining wall is arranged on one side of a mountain body at the tunnel entrance/exit hole, and the toe supporting retaining wall is used for supporting and covering an earth and stone layer above the hole, so that the earth and stone layer applies reverse supporting force for preventing the mountain body from expanding outwards to the newly-built tunnel under the action of supporting balance force in the lateral mountain body direction provided by the toe supporting and retaining structure, the mountain body at the tunnel forms a mechanical balance system, and the landslide risk of the side slope of the hole is controlled; on the other hand, the pre-balance stability control scheme of the advanced pipe shed and arch protection support zero excavation tunnel entering further plays a role in integrally stabilizing the high and steep critical side slope of the tunnel entrance in advance. Through the pre-balance stability control, even if the side slope is in a critical stable state in the excavation process of the tunnel, a stress balance system can be kept, and the collapse risk can not occur.
Preferably, the tunnel face in the tunnel contour line is provided with an upper step and a lower step, the upper step is ahead of the lower step, and core soil is reserved on the upper step and the lower step; and an initial support is arranged in the excavated tunnel and is used for bearing all the surrounding rock loads. The construction method enables the tunnel subsection excavation supporting construction to be close to the plane mechanics problem of the design requirement, reduces the disturbance effect on the high and steep critical slope of the opening, and plays a role in assisting in stabilizing the high and steep critical slope of the opening.
Preferably, the slope toe supporting retaining wall adopts an anti-sliding retaining wall or an anti-sliding pile.
Preferably, the outer edge of the pipe advancing shed is arranged at an inclination angle of 2-10 degrees, and the interval between the steel pipes is 45-55 cm.
Preferably, the diameter of the advanced pipe shed is phi 108-120 mm.
Preferably, the primary support comprises a steel frame support and a concrete layer, wherein the steel frame support is made of I-shaped steel and is arranged at intervals of 50-80 cm along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the thickness of the concrete layer is 15-30 cm, and the concrete layer is formed by spraying No. 20-30 concrete on the surface of the surrounding rock.
Preferably, the upper step leads the lower step by 1 to 3m.
Preferably, planting soil is paved on the soil-stone layer for planting greening vegetation.
The invention also aims to provide a pre-balancing and stabilizing control method for the critical side slope of the tunnel portal of the highway in the mountainous area, which comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a toe support retaining wall on one side, away from a mountain, of a side slope of a tunnel entrance/exit hole to be excavated, filling a soil and stone layer on the slope surface of the tunnel top, lapping one side of the soil and stone layer on the toe support retaining wall, and providing a supporting force in a lateral mountain direction by using a toe support structure; the bottom of the earth-rock square layer and/or the toe retaining wall is anchored in a mountain body through anchor rods;
s2: in surrounding rocks at a tunnel portal, constructing an advanced pipe shed with the diameter of 108-120 mm at intervals of 45-55 cm at an inclination angle of 2-10 degrees along the outer edge of a tunnel contour line, and filling 20 # cement mortar into the advanced pipe shed at the pressure of 5-8 Pa;
s3: excavating a groove-shaped foundation along the pre-designed tunnel arch protection position, reserving a tunnel entrance mountain slope toe retaining, and pouring a reinforced concrete arch protection on the groove-shaped foundation to integrate the reinforced concrete arch protection with the advanced pipe shed to form an advanced pre-supporting structure of the tunnel;
s4: excavating by adopting an upper step and lower step method, reserving core soil on the upper step and the lower step, wherein the upper step is 1-3 m ahead of the lower step, and the average footage of the upper step and the lower step is 1-2 m each time;
s5: under the protection of the advance pre-support of the tunnel, H180-H200I-shaped steel is timely arranged every 50-80 cm in the longitudinal direction of the excavated tunnel to be used as a steel frame support, and 20-30 # concrete with the thickness of 15-30 cm is sprayed to form an initial support for bearing all surrounding rock loads.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the mechanical balance is realized by supporting and blocking back pressure at the slope toe of the tunnel portal, and the pre-balance stability control scheme of supporting zero excavation entry of the advanced pipe shed and the protective arch is matched, so that the pre-balance stability control scheme and the pre-arch stability control scheme are combined to further play a role in integrally stabilizing the high steep critical slope of the portal in advance, and the instability risk is avoided in the tunnel excavation process. In addition, the method for constructing the approximate full-section of the reserved core soil of the short steps is adopted, so that the problem of the plane mechanics of the subsection excavation supporting construction of the tunnel is kept consistent with the design of the tunnel, and the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel can be ensured under the excavation mode of the approximate full-section. The method also avoids the problem of support stability of the weak link of the intermediate node of the primary steel support. Compared with the existing CD/CRD method, multi-step method and the like aiming at the critical stable surrounding rock tunnel excavation, the construction method can greatly improve the construction efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pre-equilibrium stability control measure of a high and steep critical slope retaining back pressure at a tunnel entrance;
FIG. 3 is a pre-balance stability control scheme of advanced pipe shed and arch protection support zero excavation cave entry of a high steep critical side slope at a tunnel portal;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an approximate full-section construction method of short step reserved core soil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The whole length 236m of a tunnel on a certain mountain is required to pass through a mountain body in the design scheme, the side slope at the exit of the tunnel is high and steep and is in a critical stable state, and the side slope collapse is easily caused by direct excavation. Therefore, pre-balancing stabilization control construction is required before tunnel excavation.
In this embodiment, the pre-balancing and stabilizing control structure for critical side slope of tunnel entrance of highway in mountain area is shown in fig. 1 to 3. The slope that deviates from the massif at the side slope of waiting to excavate tunnel exit sets up the toe and struts the barricade, and the toe is strutted the barricade and can be adopted cling compound barricade or friction pile, and the direction is parallel with tunnel extending direction or perpendicular for hold earth and stone layer jointly with the massif. Slope foot is strutted retaining wall slope and is set up to massif one side, and the earth and stone side of a square layer is filled in on the domatic on tunnel cave top, and earth and stone side of a square layer overlap joint is on slope foot is strutted the retaining wall, and it is higher than being close to massif one side to be close to slope foot and strutted retaining wall one side thickness. The bottom of the earth-rock square layer and the slope toe supporting retaining wall are anchored in a mountain body through anchor rods so as to enhance the stability. Planting soil with the thickness of 50cm can be paved on the earth-rock layer for planting greening vegetation. The toe retaining structure can provide supporting balance force towards the mountain for the earth and stone layer. An advanced pipe shed with the diameter of 108-120 mm is arranged in surrounding rocks at a tunnel exit to be excavated along the outer edge of a tunnel contour line at an inclination angle of 2-10 degrees at an interval of 50cm from the horizontal plane, cement mortar is filled in the advanced pipe shed, a reinforced concrete arch protector is poured on a groove-shaped foundation excavated at the position of the tunnel arch protector, and the advanced pipe shed and the arch protector are combined into a whole to be used as an advanced pre-supporting structure of the tunnel.
In the structure, the earth-rock square layer covered on the top of the tunnel applies pressure for preventing the mountain from expanding outwards to play a role in back pressure, so that the side slope can still be kept stable in the tunnel excavation process, and the tunnel cannot be acted by the mountain expanding outwards for a long time after being built. The thickness of the earth-rock layer needs to be obtained through mechanical calculation, and after the tunnel is excavated, the top protection arch bears vertical downward pressure to the greatest extent, so that the lateral force is avoided.
For part of tunnels with poor stability, after the critical slope pre-balancing stability control, an in-tunnel tunneling structure capable of keeping the slope stable as much as possible still needs to be designed in the tunnel excavation process. In the embodiment, the tunnel face in the tunnel contour line is provided with an upper step and a lower step, the upper step is 1-3 m ahead of the lower step, and core soil is reserved on the upper step and the lower step; and the excavated tunnel is internally provided with a primary support for bearing all the surrounding rock load. The primary support comprises steel frame supports and concrete layers, wherein the steel frame supports are made of I-shaped steel and are arranged at intervals of 50-80 cm along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the thickness of the concrete layer is 15-30 cm, and the concrete layer is formed by spraying No. 20-30 concrete on the surface of the surrounding rock.
The invention also provides a pre-balancing and stabilizing control method for the critical side slope of the mountain highway tunnel entrance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The pre-balance stability control measure of the slope toe retaining back pressure is firstly adopted to play a role in stabilizing the high and steep critical slope of the hole, as shown in figure 2.
In the step, firstly, the pre-balance stability control measure (including adopting the thickness of the anti-slide retaining wall, the anti-slide pile and the earth and stone layer) and the range (the size of the retaining wall supported by the slope feet in the plane and vertical directions, the coverage area of the earth and stone layer and the like) of the slope foot supporting back pressure of the high and steep critical side slope of the tunnel portal are determined according to geological survey data of the tunnel portal side slope. And then, constructing according to the determined parameters to form a structure shown in figures 1-3, and ensuring that the high-gradient critical slope of the hole is integrally stabilized.
(2) And then, a pre-balance stability control scheme of zero excavation and excavation of a pre-pipe shed and an arch protection support is adopted, so that the effect of integrally stabilizing the high and steep critical slope of the hole opening in advance is further achieved, as shown in fig. 3.
(2.1) in surrounding rocks of the tunnel portal, according to design requirements, constructing an advanced pipe shed with the diameter of 108-120 mm at intervals of 50cm at the inclination angle of 2-10 degrees along the outer edge of the contour line of the tunnel, and filling 20 # cement mortar into the advanced pipe shed under the pressure of 5-8 Pa to form a large pipe shed supporting structure.
And (2.2) excavating a groove-shaped foundation along the position of the tunnel arch guard according to design requirements, reserving a tunnel opening mountain slope toe retaining, and pouring a reinforced concrete arch guard on the groove-shaped foundation to integrate the reinforced concrete arch guard with the advanced pipe shed to form the advanced strong pre-support of the tunnel.
The step (1) and the step (2) are combined, and the effect of integrally stabilizing the high and steep critical slope of the hole is further achieved. The exit of the tunnel can be considered to be provided with an anti-sliding end wall type tunnel door.
(3) The approximate full-section construction method of the short-step reserved core soil for shortening the longitudinal length of tunnel subsection excavation support construction is adopted, so that the tunnel subsection excavation support construction is close to the plane mechanics problem of the design requirement, the disturbance effect on the high and steep critical side slope of the opening is reduced, and the effect of assisting in stabilizing the high and steep critical side slope of the opening is achieved, as shown in fig. 4. When the palm surface is critical and stable in the tunnel construction process, the short-step reserved core soil approximate full-section construction method is adopted in the embodiment, and the specific construction method is as follows:
(3.1) under the protection of advanced strong pre-support of the tunnel, adopting short steps, reserving core soil on the upper step and the lower step, advancing the upper step by 1-3 m compared with the lower step, and circularly tunneling the upper step and the lower step, wherein the footage is 1-2 m at each time on average. Because the tunneling distance is short every time, the tunneling construction in tunnel subsection excavation and support approaches to the plane mechanics problem when the tunnel is designed, the disturbance effect on the high and steep critical side slope of the entrance to the cave is further reduced on the basis of the pre-balance stability control, and the effect of assisting in stabilizing the high and steep critical side slope of the entrance to the cave is achieved.
And (3.2) under the protection of the advanced strong pre-support of the tunnel, arranging H180-H200I-steel as a steel frame support at intervals of 50-80 cm in time for the excavated tunnel longitudinally, and spraying 20-30 # concrete with the thickness of 15-30 cm to form a strong primary support and bear all loads, thereby ensuring the stable balance of the tunnel structure construction process.
The method adopts the 3 interlinked pre-balance stability control steps before the new construction of the tunnel, greatly enhances the stability of the high and steep side slope of the tunnel opening, ensures that the excavation work of the tunnel can be safely and efficiently completed in the critically stable side slope, and also avoids the problem of the support stability of the weak link of the intermediate node of the primary steel support.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A pre-balancing and stabilizing control method for critical side slopes of tunnel portals of mountain roads is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: arranging a toe support retaining wall on one side, away from a mountain, of a side slope of a tunnel entrance/exit hole to be excavated, filling a soil and stone layer on the slope surface of the tunnel top, lapping one side of the soil and stone layer on the toe support retaining wall, and providing a supporting force in a lateral mountain direction by using a toe support structure; the bottom of the earth-rock square layer and/or the slope toe retaining wall is anchored in a mountain body through anchor rods;
s2: in surrounding rocks at a tunnel portal, constructing an advanced pipe shed with the diameter of 108-120 mm at an inclination angle of 2-10 degrees along the outer edge of a tunnel contour line at intervals of 45-55 cm, and filling 20 # cement mortar into the advanced pipe shed at the pressure of 5-8 Pa;
s3: excavating a groove-shaped foundation along a pre-designed tunnel arch protection position, reserving a tunnel opening mountain slope foot supporting block, and pouring a reinforced concrete arch protection on the groove-shaped foundation to integrate the reinforced concrete arch protection with an advanced pipe shed to form an advanced pre-supporting structure of the tunnel;
s4: excavating by adopting an upper step and lower step method, reserving core soil for the upper step and the lower step, wherein the upper step leads the lower step by 1 to 3m, and the average footage of the upper step and the lower step is 1 to 2m each time;
s5: under the protection of the advance pre-support of the tunnel, H180-H200I-steel is arranged in time every 50-80 cm in the longitudinal direction of the excavated tunnel to serve as a steel frame support, and 20-30 # concrete with the thickness of 15-30 cm is sprayed to form an initial support for bearing all surrounding rock loads.
2. The pre-balancing and stabilizing control method for the critical side slope of the tunnel portal of the mountain road as claimed in claim 1, wherein planting soil is laid on the soil-stone layer for planting greening vegetation.
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| CN114033427A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-11 | 中铁二局集团有限公司 | Single-side air-adjacent skew bias tunnel hole entering construction method |
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| US9145769B2 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2015-09-29 | Michael Hall Lee | Underground mining rib support system and method |
| CN102562087B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2015-06-24 | 中铁二局股份有限公司 | Hydraulic drill follow-up pipe-shed construction method |
| CN202544866U (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-11-21 | 中铁十九局集团第五工程有限公司 | Advance support device for pipe shed of large-span metro tunnel portal |
| CN102587920B (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2014-01-08 | 中交二公局第六工程有限公司 | Tunnel entrance bias section construction method |
| CN104088646B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-02-24 | 中国水利水电第十一工程局有限公司 | A kind of construction method of shape of a hoof open type shield machine |
| CN105863650B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江省交通规划设计研究院 | It is a kind of elder generation wall after hole tunnel construction method |
| CN207018004U (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-02-16 | 宁波市交通规划设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of mountain highway tunnel portal critical slope pre-equilibration stability contorting structure |
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