CN114717886A - Wing rail embedded type alloy steel combined frog and method for replacing quick-wear parts on line - Google Patents
Wing rail embedded type alloy steel combined frog and method for replacing quick-wear parts on line Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114717886A CN114717886A CN202210267502.5A CN202210267502A CN114717886A CN 114717886 A CN114717886 A CN 114717886A CN 202210267502 A CN202210267502 A CN 202210267502A CN 114717886 A CN114717886 A CN 114717886A
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- Prior art keywords
- rail
- fork
- heel
- wing
- insert
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
- E01B7/10—Frogs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
- E01B29/02—Transporting, laying, removing, or renewing lengths of assembled track, assembled switches, or assembled crossings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog which comprises a first wing rail, a second wing rail, a point rail, a first insert, a second insert, a first fork heel rail, a second fork heel rail, a spacer iron cluster and an installation system. The invention realizes the purpose of prolonging the service life of the frog by replacing the new insert and the point rail on line. The fork and the wing rail are connected with the end connection spacer iron to keep the connection state, which is beneficial to transmitting temperature force, increasing the operation temperature range of operation construction, and simultaneously ensuring that the frog meets the welding requirement of seamless line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of technology, in particular to a method for replacing a quick-wear part of an embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog machine on line.
Background
The alloy steel combined frog embedded with the wing rails is of an integral assembly structure, 2 wing rails, 2 fork heel rails, a point rail, wing rail embedding blocks and spacer irons are connected into a whole by adopting 10.9-grade high-strength bolts, and the method for replacing the whole group of frog with a new product is mainly adopted after the service life of the structure is up to the limit. The seamless turnout frog is replaced once in a whole group, which means that joints connected with an interval line at two ends of the frog are welded or frozen once again, the operation is troublesome, and the required time is long; if the rail pieces are to be disassembled and replaced on line, construction must be carried out within the range of locking the rail temperature from +15 ℃ to-10 ℃, all the connecting spacing irons among the rail pieces are disassembled during construction, and the rail pieces are jacked up and then disassembled and assembled. The construction operation temperature in the whole process is limited; and the existing frog structure is very troublesome to disassemble on site, the construction operation intensity is high, and the operation precision cannot be ensured.
There is a need for an inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the construction operation temperature in the whole process of the existing method is limited in the prior art; the embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog is provided, the purpose of prolonging the service life of the frog is realized by replacing an insert and a point rail on line, the connecting state of the frog and the connecting spacer at the heel end of the wing rail is kept, the temperature force is favorably transmitted, the operating temperature range of operation construction is increased, the frog is ensured to meet the requirement of seamless line welding at the same time, and the problems are solved.
The invention provides an embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog which comprises a first wing rail, a second wing rail, a center rail, a first insert, a second insert, a first fork heel rail, a second fork heel rail, a spacing iron cluster and a mounting system.
The invention relates to an inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog, which comprises a first wing rail, a second wing rail, a point rail, a first insert, a second insert, a first fork heel rail and a second fork heel rail as a preferred mode, spacing iron cluster and installing the system, first wing rail and second wing rail set up relatively, the heart rail sets up between first wing rail and second wing rail exit end, the heart rail is the most advanced structure of unilateral, first fork is followed rail and second fork and is followed the rail and set up along heart rail open end both sides line respectively, first insert set up in first wing rail inboard, the second insert set up in second wing rail inboard, spacing iron cluster comprises a plurality of spacing irons, spacing iron cluster is connected first insert medial surface and second through the bolt cooperation and is inserted the medial surface, installing the system with first wing rail, the second wing rail, the heart rail, first insert, the second inserts, first fork is followed rail and second fork and is followed the rail.
According to the inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog, as a preferred mode, the mounting system comprises a plurality of fastener systems, and fasteners are arranged along the fixing edges of the steel rails.
The invention relates to an embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog, which is characterized in that as a preferred mode, a fastener system comprises an elastic strip, a base, a T-shaped bolt and a rail gauge block, wherein the base is fixed on the ground, the elastic strip is installed on the base through the T-shaped bolt, the rail gauge block is arranged on one side of the base, the upper surface of the rail gauge block is in contact with the elastic strip, and two ends of the rail gauge block are provided with edge lugs matched with two side edges of the base and used for limiting the horizontal movement range of a rail.
The structure meets the requirement of the rail piece for installation space during online replacement, and solves the problem of play possibly caused in the use process of the gauge block.
The invention provides a method for replacing a quick-wear part of an inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog on line, which comprises the following steps:
s1, loosening the nut of the fastener system and marking the positions of the spacing iron and the steel rail gasket at the same time;
s2, removing the elastic strip and the T-shaped bolt, and then removing the gauge block;
s3, loosening all the matched bolts, nuts and steel rail washers of the spacing irons except the spacing irons which are connected with the first wing rail root end and the first fork heel rail root end and the second wing rail root end and the second fork heel rail root end;
s4, applying load by using simple equipment such as an F clamp, a hand-operated carrying roof and the like, and increasing the gap between the first insert and the second insert;
s5, taking out all the spacer irons on the inserts, and taking out the first insert and the second insert;
s6, loosening matched nuts between the first fork heel rail and the point rail and between the second fork heel rail and the point rail and removing bolts;
s7, pushing the spacing iron on the first fork and the second fork to the root end, and unloading the first fork and the second fork;
s8, applying load between the first fork and the second fork and the heel rail by using a hand-operated carrying roof, and increasing the gap between the first fork and the second fork and the heel rail;
s9, applying load by using an F clamp, and taking out the point rail to be replaced;
s10, placing the replaced point rail, unloading the point rail by using a hand-operated carrying top and an F clamp, and positioning the replaced point rail and attaching the replaced point rail to the first fork and the second fork and the heel rail in place;
s11, mounting the point rail and the first fork and second fork and heel rail connecting bolts and detecting the close contact state of the point rail and the first fork and heel rail and the second fork and heel rail;
s12, the center rail is matched with the first wing rail and the second wing rail to be in place at intervals; putting a first insert and a second insert;
s13, applying load by using a hand-operated carrying roof, basically positioning the rest spacing irons in place by using a clamp, putting a steel rail gasket, a new bolt and a nut, removing all external load, and then screwing the nut;
s14, detecting the close contact state of the first insert and the first wing rail, the second insert and the second wing rail, and finishing the assembly of the frog rail piece;
s15, restoring the fastener system and grinding and adjusting the frog.
According to the method for replacing the wearing part of the embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog on line, as a preferable mode, the gap between the first fork and the second fork and the single side is enlarged by 13mm in the step S8.
According to the method for replacing the wearing parts of the embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog on line, as a preferable mode, the gap between the first insert and the second insert is increased in step S4, and the single side is enlarged by 8 mm.
The gap between the rail bottom of the working edge of the wing rail and the rail bottom of the fork and the heel rail is increased to more than 10mm, so that the point rail can be taken out conveniently.
The wing rail web drills a mounting hole at the position of the bolt for directly connecting the corresponding center rail and the fork and heel rail, so that the bolt is convenient to take out and place.
The rail head of the point rail is of a dovetail structure; the point rail and the tail part of the fork and the rail are matched, and the point rail is contacted with the jaw of the rail head of the fork and the rail, so that the requirement of seamless line on temperature force transmission is met.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the purpose of prolonging the service life of the frog is realized by replacing the new insert and the point rail on line. The fork and the wing rail are connected with the end connection spacer iron to keep the connection state, which is beneficial to transmitting temperature force, increasing the operation temperature range of operation construction, and simultaneously ensuring that the frog meets the welding requirement of seamless line.
When the rail member is replaced and constructed, the newly designed frog can realize that the rail member is disassembled and assembled in a horizontal plane by using a simple measuring tool without the deformation of the rail member along the height direction, thereby being beneficial to the resetting of the subsequent rail member.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite frog of an inlaid wing rail type alloy steel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting system for a composite alloy steel frog assembly with embedded rails;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a composite frog fastener system of an inlaid rail alloy steel;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for replacing wearing parts of an inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog on line.
Reference numerals:
1. a first wing rail; 2. a second wing rail; 3. a point rail; 4. a first insert; 5. a second insert; 6. a first fork-heel rail; 7. a second fork heel rail; 8. spacing iron clusters; 9. installing the system; 91. a fastener system; 911. a spring bar; 912. a base; 913. a T-bolt; 914. and a gauge block.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be made clear below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog comprises a first wing rail 1, a second wing rail 2, a point rail 3, a first insert 4, a second insert 5, a first fork heel rail 6, a second fork heel rail 7, a spacer iron cluster 8 and a mounting system 9, wherein the first wing rail 1 and the second wing rail 2 are oppositely arranged, the point rail 3 is arranged between outlet ends of the first wing rail 1 and the second wing rail 2, the point rail 3 is of a unilateral tip structure, the first fork heel rail 6 and the second fork heel rail 7 are respectively arranged along two side lines of an opening end of the point rail 3, the first insert 4 is arranged on the inner side of the first wing rail 1, the second insert 5 is arranged on the inner side of the second wing rail 2, the spacer iron cluster 8 is composed of a plurality of spacer irons, the spacer iron cluster 8 is connected with the inner side of the first insert 4 and the inner side of the second insert through a bolt fit, and the mounting system 9 connects the first wing rail 1, the second wing rail 2, the point rail 3 and the inner side of the spacer iron cluster 8, A first insert 4, a second insert 5, a first fork heel rail 6 and a second fork heel rail 7.
The difference between the gap distance between the bottom of the working side rail of the first fork and heel rail 6 and the bottom of the working side rail of the first wing rail 1 is more than 10 mm; the difference between the gap distance between the working side rail bottom of the second fork heel rail 7 and the working side rail bottom of the second wing rail 2 is more than 10 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the mounting system 9 includes a plurality of fastener systems 91 with fasteners disposed along each rail fastening edge.
As shown in fig. 3, the fastening system 91 includes an elastic bar 911, a base 912, a T-shaped bolt 913 and a track block 914, the base 912 is fixed on the ground, the elastic bar 911 is installed on the base 912 through the T-shaped bolt 913, the track block 914 is disposed on one side of the base 912, the upper surface of the track block 914 contacts the elastic bar 911, and two ends of the track block 914 are provided with edge lugs matched with two side edges of the base 912 for limiting the horizontal movement range of the track.
As shown in fig. 4, a method for replacing a wearing part of an inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog on line comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: marking and removing the fastener system:
1) loosening the fastener nut and marking the spacing iron and the steel rail gasket at the same time;
2) moving out the elastic strip and the T-shaped bolt;
3) moving out the gauge block;
the second step is that: dismantling the rail parts needing to be replaced:
1) loosening nuts matched with other spacing irons except for a group of spacing irons connected with the wing rail heel end and the fork heel rail heel end;
2) removing bolts, nuts and steel rail washers matched with the spacing irons;
3) the method is characterized in that simple equipment such as an F clamp and a hand-operated carrying roof is used for applying load, and a gap between two inserts is increased (the single side is expanded by about 8 mm);
4) taking out all the spacing irons (5 blocks) on the insert;
5) taking out the insert;
6) loosening the matching nuts of the fork heel rail and the point rail and removing the bolts;
7) pushing the movable spacing iron on the fork and heel rail to the heel end, and unloading;
8) applying load between the two fork and heel rails by using a hand-operated top to increase a gap between the two fork and heel rails (the single side is expanded by about 13 mm);
9) and applying load by using an F clamp, and taking out the point rail needing to be replaced.
The third step: replacing the new rail:
1) placing the replaced center rail, manually lifting the top and unloading the F clamp, and placing the center rail in place and attaching the center rail to the fork and heel rails in place;
2) installing the connecting bolt of the point rail and the fork heel rail in place and detecting the close contact state of the point rail and the fork heel rail;
3) the center rail and the wing rail are matched to be positioned at intervals by iron;
4) putting an insert;
5) applying load by hand-operated carrying top, and basically positioning the rest of the spaced iron by using clamps such as short bolts and the like;
6) placing a steel rail gasket;
7) putting a new bolt and a new nut;
8) all external loads are unloaded;
9) screwing down the nut;
10) detecting the close contact state of the insert and the wing rail, and finishing the assembly of the frog rail piece;
the fourth step: a reinstatement fastener system.
The fifth step: and (4) grinding and adjusting the frog.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a inlay wing rail formula alloy steel combination frog which characterized in that: the wing rail assembly comprises a first wing rail (1), a second wing rail (2), a point rail (3), a first insert (4), a second insert (5), a first fork and heel rail (6), a second fork and heel rail (7), a spacing iron cluster (8) and a mounting system (9), wherein the first wing rail (1) and the second wing rail (2) are arranged oppositely, the point rail (3) is arranged between the outlet ends of the first wing rail (1) and the second wing rail (2), the point rail (3) is of a single-side tip structure, the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7) are respectively arranged along two side lines of the open end of the point rail (3), the first insert (4) is arranged on the inner side of the first wing rail (1), the second insert (5) is arranged on the inner side of the second wing rail (2), the spacing iron cluster (8) is composed of a plurality of spacing irons, and the spacing iron cluster (8) is connected with the first insert (4) and the second wing rail (2) through bolts The insert (5) is arranged on the inner side surface of the first wing rail (1), the second wing rail (2), the point rail (3), the first insert (4), the second insert (5), the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7) through the mounting system (9).
2. The inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combination frog of claim 1, wherein: the difference between the gap distance between the working side rail bottom of the first fork and heel rail (6) and the working side rail bottom of the first wing rail (1) is more than 10 mm; the difference between the gap distance between the working side rail bottom of the second fork heel rail (7) and the working side rail bottom of the second wing rail (2) is larger than 10 mm.
3. The inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mounting system (9) comprises a plurality of fastener systems (91), the fasteners being arranged along each rail fixing edge.
4. The inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog according to claim 3, characterized in that: fastener system (91) are including bullet strip (911), base (912), T type bolt (913) and track gauge block (914), base (912) are fixed in ground, bullet strip (911) pass through T type bolt (913) are installed on base (912), track gauge block (914) set up in base (912) one side, surface contact on track gauge block (914) bullet strip (911), track gauge block (914) both ends be provided with base (912) both sides limit complex limit ear for restrict rail spare horizontal migration scope.
5. A method for replacing a quick-wear part of an embedded wing rail type alloy steel combined frog on line is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps
S1, loosening a nut of the fastener system (91) and marking the positions of the spacing iron and the steel rail gasket at the same time;
s2, removing the elastic strip (911) and the T-shaped bolt (913) and then removing the gauge block (914);
s3, loosening all spacing iron matching bolts, nuts and steel rail washers except spacing iron connected with the root end of the first wing rail (1) and the root end of the first fork-heel rail (6) and the root end of the second wing rail (2) and the root end of the second fork-heel rail (7);
s4, applying load by using simple equipment such as an F clamp, a hand-operated carrying roof and the like, and increasing the gap between the first insert (4) and the second insert (5);
s5, taking out all the spacer irons on the insert, and taking out the first insert (4) and the second insert (5);
s6, loosening matched nuts between the first fork and heel rail (6) and the point rail (3) and between the second fork and heel rail (7) and the point rail (3) and removing bolts;
s7, pushing the spacing iron on the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7) to the root end, and unloading the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7);
(S8) applying a load between the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7) by using a hand-shaking top to increase the gap between the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7);
s9, applying load by using an F clamp, and taking out the core rail (3) to be replaced;
s10, placing the replaced point rail (3), unloading the point rail by using a hand-operated carrying top and an F clamp, and placing the replaced point rail (3) in place and attaching the point rail to the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7);
s11, mounting the point rail (3) and the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7) by connecting bolts, and detecting the close contact state of the point rail (3) and the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7);
s12, the center rail (3), the first wing rail (1) and the second wing rail (2) are matched and spaced in a iron positioning position; placing the first insert (4) and the second insert (5);
s13, applying load by using a hand-operated carrying roof, basically positioning the rest spacing irons in place by using a clamp, putting a steel rail gasket, a new bolt and a nut, removing all external load, and then screwing the nut;
s14, detecting the close contact state of the first insert (4) and the first wing rail (1), the second insert (5) and the second wing rail (2), and finishing the assembly of the frog rail member;
s15, reinstating the fastener system (91) and grinding and adjusting the frog.
6. The method for replacing the wearing parts of the inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog in the on-line manner according to the claim 5, wherein: and step S8, increasing the gap between the first fork and heel rail (6) and the second fork and heel rail (7), and expanding 13mm on one side.
7. The method for replacing the wearing parts of the inlaid wing rail type alloy steel combined frog in the on-line manner according to the claim 5, wherein: and step S4, increasing a gap between the first insert (4) and the second insert (5) and expanding the single side by 8 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210267502.5A CN114717886A (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Wing rail embedded type alloy steel combined frog and method for replacing quick-wear parts on line |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210267502.5A CN114717886A (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Wing rail embedded type alloy steel combined frog and method for replacing quick-wear parts on line |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114717886A true CN114717886A (en) | 2022-07-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210267502.5A Pending CN114717886A (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Wing rail embedded type alloy steel combined frog and method for replacing quick-wear parts on line |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114717886A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115418892A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-02 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Combined railway frog and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATA134989A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1990-09-15 | Voest Alpine Maschinenbau | SLIDING CHAIR, SLIDING PLATE OR RIB PLATE FOR SPREADING OR CROSSINGS |
| CN101492902A (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-29 | 顾经文 | Heavy duty movable-point frog |
| CN105714623A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-29 | 瑞泰潘得路铁路技术（武汉）有限公司 | Fastener system for quick elastic strip ballast-less track iron washer |
| CN106149482A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-23 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | A kind of embedded combined high manganese steel frog of embedded alloy steel core rail wing rail |
| CN113123181A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-16 | 浙江德盛铁路器材股份有限公司 | Frog capable of being replaced on line and replacing method thereof |
| CN218561954U (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-03-03 | 中国国家铁路集团有限公司 | Wing rail embedded type alloy steel combined frog |
-
2022
- 2022-03-18 CN CN202210267502.5A patent/CN114717886A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATA134989A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1990-09-15 | Voest Alpine Maschinenbau | SLIDING CHAIR, SLIDING PLATE OR RIB PLATE FOR SPREADING OR CROSSINGS |
| CN101492902A (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-29 | 顾经文 | Heavy duty movable-point frog |
| CN105714623A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-29 | 瑞泰潘得路铁路技术（武汉）有限公司 | Fastener system for quick elastic strip ballast-less track iron washer |
| CN106149482A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-23 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | A kind of embedded combined high manganese steel frog of embedded alloy steel core rail wing rail |
| CN113123181A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-16 | 浙江德盛铁路器材股份有限公司 | Frog capable of being replaced on line and replacing method thereof |
| CN218561954U (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-03-03 | 中国国家铁路集团有限公司 | Wing rail embedded type alloy steel combined frog |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115418892A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-02 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Combined railway frog and manufacturing method thereof |
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