CN114716260A - Connecting piece of ceramic-metal composite material and metal material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Connecting piece of ceramic-metal composite material and metal material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a connecting piece of a ceramic-metal composite material and a metal material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material are integrally compounded through a double-nozzle 3D printing technology based on extrusion molding, and then are degreased and sintered, so that the bonding performance and the connecting strength between the composite material and the metal material are improved, the stable and high-strength connection between the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material is realized, and the problems of high connection difficulty, large interface residual stress, poor interface bonding performance and poor mechanical performance of a connecting joint caused by overlarge difference of thermal physical properties (thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and the like) between the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material in the prior art are solved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of heterogeneous material connection, in particular to a connecting piece of a ceramic-metal composite material and a metal material and a preparation method thereof.
The background art comprises the following steps:
the metal material is the most important material with the largest dosage in engineering technology and has excellent comprehensive performance. With the rapid development of science and technology, the application end puts higher requirements on the service performance of the metal material, and the performances of toughness, wear resistance and the like of the metal material need to be greatly improved. The development of high-performance metal materials has great economic and social benefits, and becomes one of the important tasks of improving the overall competitiveness of the national manufacturing industry. However, the development of a brand-new simple substance material which can meet the required performance has long period and great difficulty; therefore, according to the research and development and application experience of a simple substance material, a material worker develops a composite material with excellent special performance and comprehensive performance by utilizing the characteristics of composite effect, scale effect, interface effect and the like among heterogeneous materials; among them, ceramic-metal composite materials have become the most widely studied and applied composite materials due to their excellent properties such as high hardness, high wear resistance, low linear expansion coefficient, and good dimensional stability. However, the raw material cost, the preparation cost, and the processing cost of the ceramic-metal composite material are relatively high compared to the metal material.
Currently, different parts of the product play different roles in the actual service process. Taking a turbine as an example, the blade is generally in service in an environment of high temperature, corrosive gas and cold-hot circulation, but the service life of the metal turbine mainly used at present is limited in the environment, and the wear of the metal turbine is very large under the friction and wear working condition, so that the turbine is very easy to fail and scrap, and therefore, the new material is gradually used for replacing the traditional metal product used under the special working condition to become a new development trend. However, when developing new products, it is worth noting that the turbine core has a distinct material requirement compared to the requirements of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, good stability, etc. required for the blade, and the advantage of easy machining of metal materials is just the first choice because it needs to be connected with other parts. Therefore, how to process the two different materials into a part so that different parts of the product can fully exert the properties of the material is the development direction of material application. In recent years, the rapid development of the composite material can solve the selection problem of materials at different positions of a turbine product, the blade can be replaced by the particle-reinforced composite material, and the turbine core can be replaced by stainless steel and other materials with moderate performance, so that the problem of high requirement on the performance of a single material is effectively solved, and the material cost and the processing cost can be reduced. However, when the composite material with special performance requirements is stably prepared, the traditional material preparation method has great difficulty and the interface performance between two different materials in the prepared composite material is poor.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a connecting piece of a ceramic-metal composite material and a metal material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material are integrally compounded through a double-nozzle 3D printing technology based on extrusion molding, and then are degreased and sintered, so that the bonding performance and the connecting strength between the composite material and the metal material are improved, the stable and high-strength connection between the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material is realized, and the problems of large connecting difficulty, large interface residual stress, poor interface bonding performance and poor mechanical performance of a connecting joint caused by overlarge difference of thermal physical properties (thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and the like) between the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material in the prior art are solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a ceramic-metal composite material and metal material connecting piece is characterized in that the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material are integrally compounded through a double-nozzle 3D printing technology based on extrusion molding, then the stable and high-strength connection of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material is realized through degreasing and sintering, the ceramic in the ceramic-metal composite material is more than one of silicon carbide powder, titanium diboride powder, alumina ceramic powder, zirconia ceramic powder, ZTA ceramic powder and ARZ ceramic powder, and the average grain diameter of the ceramic powder is 1-10 mu m; the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal in the metal material are selected from one of aluminum alloy powder, titanium alloy powder and stainless steel powder, and the average grain diameter of the metal powder is 5-50 mu m.
The preparation method of the ceramic-metal composite material and metal material connecting piece comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of loading two materials to be printed into A, B spray head bins of a double-spray-head 3D printer respectively, controlling A, B spray heads to alternately feed different target connecting pieces through a program, enabling the two materials to be subjected to additive manufacturing respectively, achieving staggered connection in a joint area, enabling the connection area to be designed and controllable, obtaining ceramic-metal composite materials and biscuit blanks of metal material connecting pieces which are formed according to a pre-designed model, discharging glue and sintering, obtaining the ceramic-metal composite materials and the metal material connecting pieces, enabling the mechanical property of the connection area to be better than that of one side of the material or the other side of the material, enabling one of the two materials to be printed to be the ceramic-metal composite materials, and enabling the other material to be the metal material.
In particular, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, loading internally mixed and granulated ceramic-metal composite material granules into a spray head bin A of a double-spray-head 3D printer, and loading internally mixed and granulated metal material granules into a spray head bin B of the double-spray-head 3D printer; the volume fraction of the ceramic powder in the ceramic-metal composite material granules is 20-50 vol%;
s2, adopting an A spray head and B spray head double-spray head alternative 3D printing technology to form a biscuit of the ceramic-metal composite material and metal material connecting piece according to a pre-designed model:
firstly, controlling a spray head B to print a layer of metal material on a printer substrate as a base layer;
printing a first layer of a ceramic-metal composite material and a metal material connecting piece on the base layer, controlling a spray head B to move from the inner side to the outer end of the metal material layer to extrude slurry for printing and forming, and finishing printing the metal material of the layer after the spray head B moves to the positive position of the macroscopic interface of the connecting piece; controlling the spray head A to move from the outer end to the inner end of the ceramic-metal composite material, extruding slurry for printing and forming, slowing down the moving speed after the spray head A moves to the positive position of the macroscopic interface of the connecting piece, controlling the spray head A to move a certain distance L more towards the metal material layer at the juncture of the two slurries of the first layer, wherein the L is 0.3-0.8 mm, and finishing the printing of the ceramic-metal composite material of the layer; when the first layer of the two sizing agents has no junction, the printing is continued according to the original process parameters, and the printing of the first layer is completed;
printing the second layer, controlling the spray head A and the spray head B to finish printing according to the original route, and avoiding border crossing at the junction;
when printing the third layer, controlling the spray head B to move a certain distance L more towards the ceramic-metal composite material layer at the junction;
fifthly, repeating the third step and the fourth step until the target thickness is reached, controlling a spray head B at the uppermost layer to print a layer of metal material as a processing layer to correct the size, and thus obtaining a biscuit of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material connecting piece;
and S3, degreasing and sintering the biscuit to prepare the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material connecting piece.
In the step S1, the banburying and granulating of the ceramic-metal composite material particles specifically comprises the following steps: the micron-sized ceramic powder and the metal powder are filled into a mixing tank and are placed on a three-dimensional moving mixing machine to be mixed for 6-12 hours, and a uniformly mixed ceramic-metal composite powder raw material is obtained; adding paraffin into an internal mixer at the low temperature of 135-175 ℃ for melting, then adding an organic additive accounting for 40-45 wt% of the total mass fraction of the raw materials, wherein the organic additive comprises 35-45% of paraffin, 25-35% of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 10-25% of high-density polyethylene and 5-10% of stearic acid according to the weight percentage of 100%, and starting a rotor to uniformly mix the organic additive; after the temperature is raised to the initial temperature of 135-175 ℃, adding the uniformly mixed ceramic-metal composite powder into an organic additive in a cavity of an internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing for 60-120 min to obtain a composite slurry in a fluid state; and opening the internal mixer, cooling the slurry to room temperature, and granulating for later use.
In the step S1, in the banburying and granulating process of the metal material granules, only the original powder mixing step in the preparation process of the ceramic-metal composite material granules is removed, and other processes and parameters thereof are the same as those of the original powder mixing step.
In the step S3, the degreasing is performed by heat treatment degreasing or a degreasing method combining solvent degreasing and heat treatment degreasing. The solvent degreasing process comprises the steps of placing a biscuit of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material connecting piece into an n-heptane solution, preserving heat for 10-20 min at 50-80 ℃, taking out the biscuit, and drying for 1h at 80 ℃; the heat treatment degreasing adopts gradient heating, and the specific process comprises the following steps: in the first stage, heating from room temperature to 150 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120-240 min; in the second stage, heating from 150 ℃ to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 90-180 min; in the third stage, heating from 250 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 90-180 min; a fourth stage, heating from 300 ℃ to 380 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 90-180 min; and in the fifth stage, heating from 380 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-3 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 120-240 min.
In the step S3, the sintering mode is gradient heating vacuum sintering, and the specific sintering process is formulated according to a metal material powder metallurgy forming process:
when the metal is stainless steel, the specific sintering process is as follows: in the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60-90 min; in the third stage, heating from 750 ℃ to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; and a fourth stage, heating from 1200 ℃ to 1375 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 120-240 min.
When the metal is titanium alloy, the specific sintering process is as follows: the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60-90 min; and a third stage, heating from 750 ℃ to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 120-240 min.
When the metal is aluminum alloy, the specific sintering process is as follows: in the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 580 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120-240 min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for preparing a ceramic-metal composite material and metal material connecting piece by combining a double-nozzle 3D printing technology based on extrusion molding and degreasing and sintering, which connects two heterogeneous materials together to realize additive manufacturing of functional structure parts and can effectively meet the harsh requirements of service environment on the performance of materials and parts in the field of wear-resistant materials; meanwhile, the preparation method effectively improves the connection strength and the bonding property between the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material, realizes the stable and high-strength connection between the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material, and solves the problems of large connection difficulty, large interface residual stress, poor interface bonding property, poor mechanical property of a connection joint and the like caused by overlarge difference of thermophysical properties (thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and the like) between the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of 3D printing according to the present invention;
FIGS. 2(a) - (b) are schematic views of the first, second and third layers (a set of repeating units) of the connector of example 1 after delamination during 3D printing, respectively;
FIGS. 3(a) to (c) are a schematic view of the structure, an object view, and a front view of the turbine member prepared in example 3, respectively;
FIGS. 4(a) to (c) are schematic diagrams of the fracture positions of the bending test piece in the example of the present invention, and physical diagrams before and after the fracture of the connectors in examples 3 and 5, respectively;
FIGS. 5(a) - (b) are SEM images and EDS line scan analysis representations of the connection joints of the connectors of example 3 and example 5 of the present invention, respectively.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description of the invention and is not intended to be limiting.
Example 1: preparation of connecting piece of turbine metal core and ceramic-metal composite material blade
The metal material used in this embodiment is 316L stainless steel powder, the ceramic powder is ZTA ceramic powder, the volume fraction of the ZTA ceramic powder in the ceramic-metal composite material is 20 vol%, and the preparation method of the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and the 316L stainless steel connecting piece includes the following steps:
s1, internally mixing and granulating a ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material particle material in a spray head bin A of a double-spray-head 3D printer, and internally mixing and granulating the 316L stainless steel particle material in a spray head bin B of the double-spray-head 3D printer; the concrete method for banburying and granulating the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material granules comprises the following steps: putting ZTA ceramic powder and 316L stainless steel powder into a mixing tank, and mixing for 6h in a three-dimensional motion mixer to obtain uniformly mixed ceramic-stainless steel composite powder raw material; adding paraffin wax into an internal mixer at the low temperature of 135 ℃ for melting, then adding an organic additive accounting for 40 wt% of the total mass fraction of the raw materials, wherein the organic additive comprises 35% of paraffin wax, 35% of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 25% of high-density polyethylene and 5% of stearic acid according to the weight percentage of 100%, and starting a rotor to uniformly mix the organic additive; after the temperature is raised to the initial temperature of 135 ℃, adding the uniformly mixed ceramic-stainless steel composite powder into an organic additive in a cavity of an internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing for 120min to obtain a composite slurry in a fluid state; and opening the internal mixer, cooling the slurry to room temperature, and granulating to obtain internally mixed and granulated ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material granules. The processes and parameters of banburying and granulating the 316L stainless steel composite material granules are the same as those of the process.
S2, forming a biscuit of the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and the 316L stainless steel connecting piece according to a pre-designed model by adopting a double-nozzle alternate 3D printing technology, and specifically comprising the following steps:
firstly, controlling a spray head B to print a layer of 316L stainless steel as a base layer on a printer substrate;
when a first layer (such as a layered single-layer connection structure shown in fig. 2 (a)) of the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and the 316L stainless steel turbine connecting piece is printed on the base layer, controlling the spray head B to move from the inner side of the 316L stainless steel core to a macroscopic interface of the connecting piece, and finishing the printing of the layer of metal material when the spray head B moves to a position close to the middle of the macroscopic interface; and controlling the spray head A to move from the outer end to the inner end of the ceramic-metal composite material, extruding slurry for printing and forming, slowing down the moving speed after the spray head A moves to the positive position of the macroscopic interface of the connecting piece, controlling the spray head A to move towards the metal material layer by a certain distance L which is 0.3mm at the junction of the two slurries of the first layer, continuously printing the core part which is not in the junction with the blade according to the original process parameters, and repeating the above operations at the junction of each blade and the core part to finish the printing of the first layer.
When printing the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and the second layer of the 316L stainless steel connecting piece, the A, B spray head completes printing according to the original route of the blade and the core part, the border printing does not occur, the spray head A is controlled to move from the outer side of the ceramic-metal composite material to the center position of the macroscopic interface, and the spray head B is controlled to move from the inner side of the metal material to the center position of the macroscopic interface;
when the third layer of the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and the 316L stainless steel connecting piece is printed and the junction of the blade and the core part is printed, the spray head A is controlled to move to the center position of a macroscopic interface from the outer side of the ceramic-metal composite material, and when the spray head B moves to the center position of the macroscopic interface, the spray head B is controlled to move towards the blade side for a certain distance L which is 0.3 mm;
repeating the three layers of processes (as shown in fig. 2 (b)) to complete the printing of the whole turbine, and printing a layer of 316L stainless steel material on the uppermost layer to obtain the biscuit of the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and the 316L stainless steel connecting piece.
And S3, preparing the biscuit into a ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and 316L stainless steel connecting piece by adopting degreasing and sintering processes. The degreasing process comprises the steps of placing a ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material biscuit in an n-heptane solution, preserving heat for 10-20 min at 50-80 ℃, taking out the biscuit, and drying for 1h at 80 ℃; the sintering process comprises the following steps: the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 750 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min and preserving heat for 60 min; in the third stage, heating from 750 ℃ to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 60 min; in the fourth stage, heating from 1200 ℃ to 1375 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min for 120min.
Example 2:
reference example 1 with the difference that L is 0.5 mm.
Example 3:
reference example 1 with the difference that L is 0.8 mm.
Example 4:
reference example 1 with the difference that L is 0.5 mm.
The volume fraction of ZTA ceramic powder in the ceramic-metal composite material is 30 vol%.
Example 5:
reference example 1 with the difference that L is 0.5 mm.
The volume fraction of ZTA ceramic powder in the ceramic-metal composite material is 40 vol%.
Example 6:
reference example 1 was repeated except that the ceramic powder was ARZ ceramic powder, and L was 0.8 mm.
Example 7:
reference example 1 was repeated except that the ceramic powder was ARZ ceramic powder, the volume fraction of which in the ceramic-metal composite was 30%, and L was 0.5 mm.
Example 8:
reference example 1 was repeated except that the ceramic powder was ARZ ceramic powder, the volume fraction of which in the ceramic-metal composite was 40%, and L was 0.5 mm.
Example 9:
referring to example 1, the difference is that the metal powder is TC4(Ti-6Al-4V) powder, and the sintering process is as follows: the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 90 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 750 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min and preserving heat for 90 min; in the third stage, heating from 750 deg.C to 1150 deg.C at a heating rate of 5 deg.C/min, and holding for 180 min.
Example 10:
referring to example 1, the difference is that the metal powder is AlSi10Mg powder, and the specific sintering process is as follows: the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 deg.C at a heating rate of 2 deg.C/min and maintaining for 90 min; in the second stage, the temperature is increased from 450 ℃ to 580 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min and is kept for 240 min.
Comparative example 1:
reference example 1, except that: the control distance L is 0.1 mm.
Comparative example 2:
reference example 1, except that: the control distance L is 0.2 mm.
Comparative example 3:
reference example 1, except that: the control distance L is 0.9 mm.
Comparative example 4:
reference example 1, except that: when the first layer and the third layer of the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material and the 316L stainless steel connecting piece are printed, the printing is finished according to the original route of the blade and the core part, the border crossing printing does not occur, and the spray head A and the spray head B are controlled to move to the center of a macroscopic interface.
Comparative example 5:
reference example 3, except that: only the ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material particles were used for printing. And loading the banburying and granulating ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite material granules in an A spray head bin and a B spray head bin of the double-spray-head 3D printer.
Comparative example 6:
reference example 3, except that: only 316L stainless steel material granules are used for printing.
And loading the internally mixed and granulated 316L stainless steel granules into A and B spray head bins of a 3D printer.
The performance of the connectors prepared in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was examined. The flexural strength of the materials prepared in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 6 to 9 was characterized according to national standards, the normal load of the sample was applied to the macroscopic interface between the two materials printed by the nozzles a and B, the test results are shown in table 1, and the fracture positions are shown in fig. 4 (a).
TABLE 1 fracture position and bending strength of materials in examples and comparative examples
| Location of fracture | Flexural Strength/MPa | |
| Example 1 | The joint A | 372.53 |
| Example 2 | The joint A | 397.62 |
| Example 3 | The joint A | 367.26 |
| Example 4 | Near the joint B | 438.67 |
| Example 5 | Near the joint B | 391.54 |
| Example 6 | The joint A | 373.25 |
| Example 7 | Near the joint B | 401.38 |
| Example 8 | Near the joint B | 356.81 |
| Example 9 | The joint A | 361.25 |
| Example 10 | The joint A | 176.43 |
| Comparative example 1 | The position A of the connecting joint | 186.94 |
| Comparative example 2 | The joint A | 239.26 |
| Comparative example 3 | The joint A | 310.48 |
| Comparative example 4 | The joint A | 176.23 |
| Comparative example 5 | Near the middle of the sample | 453.47 |
| Comparative example 6 | Near the middle of the sample | 430.61 |
The joint breaking strength of the connectors of examples 1-3 in the results of Table 1 show that the joint strength change is not particularly significant when L is varied within 0.3-0.8 mm; the differences in joint strength of examples 2, 4, and 5 are due to the differences in the reinforcing effect of the ZTA ceramic powders of different volume fractions. FIG. 2 is a laminating unit for layered printing; FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the turbine component and a connection entity diagram (turbine) of 20 vol% ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite and 316L stainless steel material in example 3; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the breaking position of the bent test piece in example, and physical diagrams before and after the breakage of the bent test pieces in example 3 and example 5; FIG. 5 is a representation of SEM topography and EDS line scan analysis at the connection joint in examples 3 and 5.
The fracture of the 20 vol% ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite and 316L stainless steel material connection obtained in example 3 of fig. 4 was at the joint location, but the test results in table 1 show that the joint strength is still high, indicating that the bonding strength at the interface of the two dissimilar materials is good; the fracture of the 40 vol% ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite and 316L stainless steel joint from example 5 in fig. 4 is on the right side (40 vol% ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite), indicating that the strength at the joint is higher than the 40 vol% ZTA ceramic-316L stainless steel composite. Both of these fracture sites demonstrate that the joining method of the present invention achieves a stable and reliable joint between the two materials.
FIGS. 5(a) and (b) are the micro-topography and EDS images of the interface of two connectors in examples 3 and 5, respectively, wherein the left side of the abrupt change position of element content is a stainless steel area, and the right side is a particle-reinforced stainless steel composite area. Because the stainless steel used on both sides of the interface is of the same composition, no distinct line of demarcation can be observed at the interface junction, and the two materials interface well. In addition, although the connection of two heterogeneous materials is completed by using an alternative printing gradual transition mode in the printing process, the combination problem of an interface exists (the step is the embodiment of macroscopic non-compactness), and meanwhile, according to the EDS result, the sintering densification process can also effectively solve the problem when the metal materials used by the product are the same.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A ceramic-metal composite material and metal material connecting piece is characterized in that the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material are integrally compounded through a double-nozzle 3D printing technology based on extrusion molding, then stable and high-strength connection of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material is realized through degreasing and sintering, ceramics in the ceramic-metal composite material are more than one of silicon carbide powder, titanium diboride powder, aluminum oxide ceramic powder, zirconium oxide ceramic powder, ZTA ceramic powder and ARZ ceramic powder, and the average grain diameter of the ceramic powder is 1-10 mu m; the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal in the metal material are selected from one of aluminum alloy powder, titanium alloy powder and stainless steel powder, and the average grain diameter of the metal powder is 5-50 mu m.
2. A method for preparing a ceramic-metal composite and metallic material joint according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: the method comprises the steps of loading two materials to be printed into A, B spray head bins of a double-spray-head 3D printer respectively, controlling A, B spray heads to alternately feed different target connecting pieces through a program, enabling the two materials to be subjected to additive manufacturing respectively, achieving staggered connection in a joint area, enabling the connection area to be designed and controllable, obtaining biscuit of ceramic-metal composite materials and metal material connecting pieces molded according to a pre-designed model, discharging glue and sintering to obtain ceramic-metal composite materials and metal material connecting pieces, wherein the mechanical property of the connection area is better than that of one side of the material or the other side of the material, one of the two materials to be printed is ceramic-metal composite materials, and the other material is metal material.
3. The method for preparing the connecting piece of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material as claimed in claim 2, which comprises the following steps:
s1, loading internally mixed and granulated ceramic-metal composite material granules into a spray head bin A of a double-spray-head 3D printer, and loading internally mixed and granulated metal material granules into a spray head bin B of the double-spray-head 3D printer; the volume fraction of the ceramic powder in the ceramic-metal composite material granules is 20-50 vol%;
s2, adopting an A spray head and B spray head double-spray head alternative 3D printing technology to form a biscuit of the ceramic-metal composite material and metal material connecting piece according to a pre-designed model:
firstly, controlling a spray head B to print a layer of metal material on a printer substrate as a base layer;
printing a first layer of a ceramic-metal composite material and a metal material connecting piece on the base layer, controlling a spray head B to move from the inner side to the outer end of the metal material layer to extrude slurry for printing and molding, and completing printing of the metal material layer after the spray head B moves to a macroscopic interface positive position of the connecting piece; controlling the spray head A to move from the outer end to the inner end of the ceramic-metal composite material, extruding slurry for printing and forming, slowing down the moving speed after the spray head A moves to the positive position of the macroscopic interface of the connecting piece, controlling the spray head A to move a certain distance L more towards the metal material layer at the juncture of the two slurries of the first layer, wherein the L is 0.3-0.8 mm, and finishing the printing of the ceramic-metal composite material of the layer; when the first layer of the two sizing agents has no junction, the printing is continued according to the original process parameters, and the printing of the first layer is completed;
printing the second layer, controlling the spray head A and the spray head B to finish printing according to the original route, and avoiding border crossing at the junction;
when printing the third layer, controlling the spray head B to move a certain distance L more towards the ceramic-metal composite material layer at the junction;
fifthly, repeating the third step and the fourth step until the target thickness is reached, controlling a spray head B at the uppermost layer to print a layer of metal material as a processing layer to correct the size, and thus obtaining a biscuit of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material connecting piece;
and S3, degreasing and sintering the biscuit to prepare the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material connecting piece.
4. The method for preparing a connecting piece between a ceramic-metal composite material and a metal material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S1, the concrete steps of banburying and granulating the ceramic-metal composite material particles are as follows: the micron-sized ceramic powder and the metal powder are filled into a mixing tank and are placed on a three-dimensional moving mixing machine to be mixed for 6-12 hours, and a uniformly mixed ceramic-metal composite powder raw material is obtained; adding paraffin into an internal mixer at the low temperature of 135-175 ℃ for melting, then adding an organic additive accounting for 40-45 wt% of the total mass fraction of the raw materials, wherein the organic additive comprises 35-45% of paraffin, 25-35% of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 10-25% of high-density polyethylene and 5-10% of stearic acid according to the weight percentage of 100%, and starting a rotor to uniformly mix the organic additive; after the temperature is raised to the initial temperature of 135-175 ℃, adding the uniformly mixed ceramic-metal composite powder into an organic additive in a cavity of an internal mixer, and carrying out internal mixing for 60-120 min to obtain a composite slurry in a fluid state; and opening the internal mixer, cooling the slurry to room temperature, and granulating for later use.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the degreasing step in step S3 is performed by degreasing with heat treatment or by degreasing with solvent and heat treatment.
6. The method for preparing the connecting piece of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material according to claim 5, wherein the solvent degreasing process comprises the steps of putting the biscuit of the connecting piece of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material into a normal heptane solution, preserving the heat at 50-80 ℃ for 10-20 min, taking out the biscuit, and drying the biscuit at 80 ℃ for 1 h; the heat treatment degreasing adopts gradient heating, and the specific process comprises the following steps: in the first stage, heating from room temperature to 150 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120-240 min; in the second stage, heating from 150 ℃ to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 90-180 min; in the third stage, heating from 250 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 90-180 min; a fourth stage, heating from 300 ℃ to 380 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 90-180 min; and in the fifth stage, heating from 380 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-3 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 120-240 min.
7. The method for preparing a ceramic-metal composite material-to-metal material connecting piece according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the sintering mode is gradient heating vacuum sintering, and the specific sintering process is set according to a metal material powder metallurgy forming process.
8. The method for preparing the connecting piece of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the metal is stainless steel, the specific sintering process comprises: in the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60-90 min; in the third stage, heating from 750 ℃ to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; and a fourth stage, heating from 1200 ℃ to 1375 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 120-240 min.
9. The method for preparing the connecting piece of the ceramic-metal composite material and the metal material as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the metal is a titanium alloy, the specific sintering process comprises: in the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60-90 min; and a third stage, heating from 750 ℃ to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 120-240 min.
10. The method for preparing a connecting piece of ceramic-metal composite material and metal material as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the metal is aluminum alloy, the specific sintering process is as follows: the first stage, heating from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min; in the second stage, heating from 450 ℃ to 580 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120-240 min.
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