CN101618617B - Metal/ceramic three-layer composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal/ceramic three-layer composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101618617B CN101618617B CN200910305108A CN200910305108A CN101618617B CN 101618617 B CN101618617 B CN 101618617B CN 200910305108 A CN200910305108 A CN 200910305108A CN 200910305108 A CN200910305108 A CN 200910305108A CN 101618617 B CN101618617 B CN 101618617B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal/ceramic three-layer composite material and a preparation method thereof. The metal/ceramic three-layer composite material comprises a metal layer, a ceramic layer and a metal/ceramic transition layer is positioned between the metal layer and the ceramic layer. The preparation method of the metal/ceramic three-layer composite material comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out fining treatment on a power raw material, controlling the grain diameter to be 0.5-2 micrometers, adding the power raw material into a bonding agent for evenly mixing, standing and ageing; (2) extruding the mixing material by an extruder for granulation; (3) dividing a die cavity into three cavities by nylon films, respectively injecting three mixing materials into the three cavities by three injecting machines to prepare blanks and standing; (4) carrying out thermal degrease on the blanks; and (5) placing degreased blanks in a high-temperature and high-voltage furnace for firing to form a compact workpiece. The metal/ceramic three-layer composite material has the advantages of wear, high temperature and corrosion resistance, high size precision and surface smoothness of formed parts as well as low production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal/ceramic composite and preparation technology thereof, especially relate to a kind of metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material and preparation technology thereof.
Background technology
The unification on commaterial of multinomial physics and chemical property is one of focus of modern material research.
Pottery is a kind of high performance material that integrates wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, high rigidity and multiple premium properties such as anticorrosive, but at normal temperatures, poor toughness, difficult forming; Metal is then on the contrary, has ceramic unexistent plasticity and toughness, and these two kinds of materials are combined with each other through certain process, constitutes a kind of new construction material, should have both both advantages.
Ceramic injection forming (CMI) technology all is main branches of powder injection-molded (PIM) technology with metal injection molded (MIM) technology, all is development and coming on the basis of polymer injection molding technology comparative maturity.Three-layer metal/ceramic composite can guarantee in material high rigidity, high temperature resistant, anti abrasive while, increased fracture toughness, antifatigue and thermal shock resistance, made it to be applied to the field that safety coefficient is had relatively high expectations.Give full play to the excellent properties of laminated metal/ceramic composite; The layered composite structure that key is the acquisition high-compactness, overall performance is good; But the performance of ceramic layer and metal level has very big difference, and the reaction that sintering process takes place is different, so just causes material to have the residual stress of macroscopic view; As easy as rolling off a log at interlayer or inner crackle or the hole of forming of bad body, thus the physical and mechanical property of reduction material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant in order to overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists, and has the metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material and the preparation technology thereof of plasticity and toughness preferably concurrently.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
The present invention's metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material is made up of metal level, ceramic layer, metal/ceramic transition zone, and the metal/ceramic transition zone is between metal level and ceramic layer.
The thickness of said metal/ceramic transition zone accounts for the 40-60% of material gross thickness, and metal layer thickness accounts for the 20-30% of material gross thickness, and ceramic layer thickness accounts for the 20-30% of material gross thickness; Preferred version: said metal level equates with ceramic layer thickness.Composite of the present invention is because the metal/ceramic transition region thickness is bigger, and metal level and ceramic layer thickness are less, thereby reduced the difference of structure and performance between metal level and the ceramic layer, improved the interface compatibility of lamination layer structure.
Metal level and ceramic layer add the binding agent sintering respectively by metal dust and ceramic powders respectively and form; The metal/ceramic transition zone is formed by the mixture interpolation binding agent sintering of metal dust and ceramic powders.In the mixture of said metal dust and ceramic powders, metal dust content is 30-40wt%, and ceramic powders content is 60-70wt%; The weight proportion of each layer powder stock and binding agent is 60-75%.
The preferred al-mg alloy powder of said metal dust; The preferred aluminium oxide ceramic powders of said ceramic powders.
Said binding agent can be selected existing known sintering binding agent for use, but the formulated binding agent of preferred following component: high density polyethylene (HDPE) 30-45wt%, stearic acid 5-10wt%, paraffin 30-40wt%, Tissuemat E 8-12wt%, polypropylene 8-12wt%.
The preparation technology of the present invention's metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material is: 1) powder stock is carried out thinning processing, control particle diameter 0.5-2 μ m joins powder stock in the binding agent; Stir with mixer, (preferred version is that powder stock is divided into the 3-5 equal portions; Gradation adds; With add do not have equal portions to stir after, add another equal portions again, finish until interpolation); After treating abundant mixing, again compound was left standstill 22-26 hour ageing in baking oven; 2) compound after the ageing is passed through the extruder extruding pelletization, process long 3-5mm, the strip of diameter 1.5-2.5mm; 3) with nylon 6/6 film mold cavity is separated into three parts by preliminary dimension; Said three kinds of compounds are injected same mold cavity respectively by in three cavitys that are divided into nylon 6/6 divided thin film synchronously through three injector; Process base substrate, left standstill 23-25 hour; 4) under 345-255 ℃, bad body was carried out hot degreasing 18-22 hour; 5) the degreasing base is placed the HTHP electric furnace; In air atmosphere, form fine and close workpiece in 1540-1560 ℃ of sintering; In room temperature to 500 ℃, heating rate is 0.5-1.5 ℃/min between 1100 ℃-1560 ℃, other interval heating rate can be 4-6 ℃/min, and pressure can be 245-255MPa.
In powder, add binding agent and help pottery and metallic particles combination at the interface, make material when heating, be prone to flow, can inject to die cavity.Ceramic powder and metal powder cognition generation reaction in-situ forms pottery and composite metal in sintering process.The heating rate speed combines in the sintering process; From room temperature to 500 ℃ left and right sides process, moisture evaporation, the fracture of organic binder bond long-chain are arranged in the formed body, reach physical and chemical processes such as organic carbon burning; Being attended by larger volume contraction and pore produces; Must heat up at a slow speed, have time enough to carry out structural adjustment, avoid cracking and a large amount of pores to occur to guarantee material; 1100 ℃ is later on that sinter undergoes phase transition the stage, should give time enough and carry out phase transformation.
The physicochemical property of metal/ceramic transition zone is between metal level and ceramic layer; Relaxed the conflict of two kinds of different materials different performances on the one hand; Mode through physics infiltration and chemical reaction can well combine metal level and ceramic layer on the other hand; Strengthen interface performance, promote power and hot transmission between two kinds of different materials, effectively improve the composite performance of material.The modulus of pottery is much larger than metal; The toughness of metal is much better than pottery; The ceramic/metal composite bed of compound centre not only contains metal ingredient but also contain ceramic component, has weakened the sudden change on the inside and outside double-layer structure, has weakened overall modulus and the metal level of intermediate layer, the gap between the ceramic layer; Reduce the residual stress that double-layer structure produces under external force, improved the vibration performance of material.
Metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material of the present invention is wear-resistant, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, and has plasticity and toughness preferably concurrently; Adopt powder injection molding process to realize the mechanization and the automation of forming process, guaranteed the variation of forming part shape, forming part dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness are high, need not carry out secondary machine or few processing, and production cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Among the figure: 1, almag layer; 2, metal/ceramic transition zone; 3, aluminium oxide ceramics layer.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
With reference to Fig. 1; The present invention's metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material embodiment is made up of almag layer 1, almag/aluminium oxide ceramics transition zone 2, aluminium oxide ceramics layer 3, and almag/aluminium oxide ceramics transition zone 2 is between almag layer 1 and aluminium oxide ceramics layer 3.
Present embodiment almag/aluminium oxide ceramics transition zone 2 thick 8 millimeters, 3 millimeters of ceramic bed thickness, 3 millimeters of metal bed thickness.
The prescription of binding agent is: high density polyethylene (HDPE) 40wt%, stearic acid 8wt%, paraffin 32wt%, Tissuemat E 10wt%, polypropylene 10wt%.
Preparation: 1) powder stock is carried out thinning processing, control particle diameter 0.5-2 μ m is divided into 4 equal portions with powder stock, and gradation adds, and stirs; After fully mixing, again compound was left standstill 24 hours ageing in baking oven; 2) compound with ageing passes through the extruder extruding pelletization, compound is processed long 4mm, the strip of diameter 2mm; 3) with nylon 6/6 film mold cavity is separated into three cavitys by preliminary dimension, said three kinds of compounds are injected same mold cavity respectively by in three cavitys that are divided into nylon 6/6 divided thin film synchronously through three injector, process base substrate, left standstill 24 hours; 4) under 350 ℃, bad body is carried out hot degreasing 20 hours; 5) the degreasing base being placed the HTHP electric furnace, in air atmosphere, form fine and close workpiece in 1550 ℃ of sintering, is 1 ℃/min at room temperature to 500 ℃, 1100 ℃ of-1550 ℃ of interval heating rates, and other interval heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and pressure is 250MPa.
Binder making: earlier the high density polyethylene (HDPE) that takes by weighing is heated to 190 ℃, makes it by the thick liquid matter that white particulate becomes colorless, add stearic acid again, temperature is controlled at 170 ℃; Treat to be cooled to 148 ℃ after the stearic acid dissolving, add atoleine and Tissuemat E, continue heating, temperature is controlled at 148 ℃, and until all mixing, thick material is white in color.
Present embodiment metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material product; Come the mechanical property of test compound material with hardness testing machine; The comprehensive hardness HB of composite is greater than 350, and heat resisting temperature is up to 1200 ℃, kept the higher antifriction degree of ceramic layer simultaneously, corrosion resistance is strong and the almag good ductility; This structure can absorb impact energy effectively when receiving serious impact or static pressure, reduces the damage to the aluminium oxide ceramics layer of impact and too high static pressure.
This metal/ceramic three-layer composite material embodiment, 6 millimeters of almags/aluminium oxide ceramics transition bed thickness, 3 millimeters of ceramic bed thickness, 3 millimeters of metal bed thickness.Surplus with embodiment 1.
In the composition of said al-mg alloy powder and aluminium oxide ceramics powder, the al-mg alloy powder quality accounts for 30wt%, and the aluminium oxide ceramics powder quality accounts for 70wt%; Each layer powder stock weight accounts for 60% of powder stock and binding agent gross weight.
The prescription of binding agent is: high density polyethylene (HDPE) 30wt%, stearic acid 10wt%, paraffin 38wt%, Tissuemat E 11wt%, polypropylene 11wt%.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material product; Come the mechanical property of test compound material with hardness testing machine; The comprehensive hardness HB of composite is greater than 400, and the ceramic plane heat resisting temperature is up to 1370 ℃, kept the higher antifriction degree of ceramic layer simultaneously, corrosion resistance is strong and the almag good ductility; This structure can absorb impact energy effectively when receiving serious impact or static pressure, reduces the damage to the aluminium oxide ceramics layer of impact and too high static pressure.
This metal/ceramic three-layer composite material embodiment, 8.8 millimeters of almags/aluminium oxide ceramics transition bed thickness, 5.6 millimeters of ceramic bed thickness, 5.6 millimeters of metal bed thickness.Surplus with embodiment 1.
In the composition of said al-mg alloy powder and aluminium oxide ceramics powder, the al-mg alloy powder quality accounts for 40wt%, and the aluminium oxide ceramics powder quality accounts for 60wt%; Each layer powder stock weight accounts for 75% of powder stock and binding agent gross weight.
The prescription of binding agent is: high density polyethylene (HDPE) 38wt%, stearic acid 9wt%, paraffin 35wt%, Tissuemat E 9wt%, polypropylene 9wt%.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material product; Come the mechanical property of test compound material with hardness testing machine; The comprehensive hardness HB of composite is greater than 320, and heat resisting temperature is up to 1320 ℃, kept the higher antifriction degree of ceramic layer simultaneously, corrosion resistance is strong and the almag good ductility; This structure can absorb impact energy effectively when receiving serious impact or static pressure, reduces the damage to the aluminium oxide ceramics layer of impact and too high static pressure.
Claims (1)
1. a metal/ceramic 3-layer composite material is characterized in that, is made up of almag layer, aluminium oxide ceramics layer, almag/aluminium oxide ceramics transition zone, and almag/aluminium oxide ceramics transition zone is between almag layer and aluminium oxide ceramics layer;
8 millimeters of said almags/aluminium oxide ceramics transition bed thickness, 3 millimeters of ceramic bed thickness, 3 millimeters of almag metal bed thickness;
Almag layer, aluminium oxide ceramics layer add the binding agent sintering respectively by al-mg alloy powder and aluminium oxide ceramics powder respectively and form;
Said almag/aluminium oxide ceramics transition zone is formed by the composition interpolation binding agent sintering of al-mg alloy powder and aluminium oxide ceramics powder; In the composition of said al-mg alloy powder and aluminium oxide ceramics powder, the al-mg alloy powder quality accounts for 35wt%, and the aluminium oxide ceramics powder quality accounts for 65wt%; Each layer powder stock weight accounts for 70% of powder stock and binding agent gross weight;
The prescription of binding agent is: high density polyethylene (HDPE) 40wt%, stearic acid 8wt%, paraffin 32wt%, Tissuemat E 10wt%, polypropylene 10wt%;
Preparation method: 1) powder stock is carried out thinning processing; Control particle diameter 0.5-2
; Powder stock is divided into 4 equal portions; Gradation adds, and stirs; After fully mixing, again compound was left standstill 24 hours ageing in baking oven; 2) compound with ageing passes through the extruder extruding pelletization, compound is processed long 4mm, the strip of diameter 2mm; 3) with nylon 6/6 film mold cavity is separated into three cavitys by preliminary dimension, three kinds of compounds are injected same mold cavity respectively by in three cavitys that are divided into nylon 6/6 divided thin film synchronously through three injector, process base substrate, left standstill 24 hours; 4) under 350 ℃, bad body is carried out hot degreasing 20 hours; 5) the degreasing base being placed the HTHP electric furnace, in air atmosphere, form fine and close workpiece in 1550 ℃ of sintering, is 1 ℃/min at room temperature to 500 ℃, 1100 ℃ of-1550 ℃ of interval heating rates, and other interval heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and pressure is 250MPa.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108672685A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-19 | 邱洪 | The three-layer composite pipe that ceramic tube is directly cast with metal |
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Patent Citations (6)
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