CN104711442A - Method for manufacturing hard alloy by 3D printing - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing hard alloy by 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104711442A CN104711442A CN201510107078.8A CN201510107078A CN104711442A CN 104711442 A CN104711442 A CN 104711442A CN 201510107078 A CN201510107078 A CN 201510107078A CN 104711442 A CN104711442 A CN 104711442A
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- hard alloy
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036536 Cave Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKRDMUDKYVBLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;titanium Chemical compound C.[Ti] TXKRDMUDKYVBLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007582 slurry-cast process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates a method for manufacturing hard alloy by 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: wet-grinding and mixing of hard alloy raw material powder and an organic binding agent, spray-drying granulation, extrusion into wires, 3D printing formation and dewaxing sintering. The method is used for manufacturing a hard alloy part in a complex shape by virtue of 3D printing formation, so that the application range of the hard alloy is greatly expanded. Compared with an existing 3D printing method, the raw material powder is easy to prepare, formed blank bodies are uniform, and waste of the powder cannot be caused. At the same time, the method is close to a conventional hard alloy production method, so that industrialized production is conveniently realized and the manufacturing cost is relatively low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D printing technique field, be specifically related to 3D and print the method manufacturing Wimet.
Background technology
Wimet is for main component with the carbide of high rigidity refractory metal (wolfram varbide, titanium carbide) powder, with cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo) for binding agent, the sintered metal product sintered in vacuum oven or hydrogen reducing furnace.Wimet has that hardness is high, wear-resisting, intensity and a series of premium properties such as toughness is better, heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant, particularly its high rigidity and wear resistance, even if also substantially remain unchanged at the temperature of 500 DEG C, very high hardness is still had, because it has very high hardness and wear resistance 1000 DEG C time.Inserted tool, tool and mould, wear part have a wide range of applications in industries such as automobile, boats and ships, aircraft, motor, electron device, super large-scale integration, precision machine tool, metallurgy, mining, petroleum prospectings, its appearance makes mechanical workout create revolutionary progress, is described as " tooth of industry ".
Because Cemented Carbide Hardness is high, process very difficult, can only adopt grinding, the mode of electromachining carries out, therefore Wimet adopts powder metallurgic method manufacture, is shaped and sintering.But in actual demand, still have the part that some are complex-shaped, adopt die forming difficulty, or cannot die forming be adopted at all, which limits the application of Wimet.Can be used in the method manufacturing complicated shape part, as injection forming, slurry casting, gel casting, all need to manufacture complicated die, improve part manufacturing cost.Further, its part complexity also has limitation.
The appearance of 3D printing technique, provides a kind of effective means for manufacturing complex-shaped part.Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, 3D prints need not mfg. moulding die in advance, need not remove a large amount of materials in the fabrication process, also just need not can obtain complex-shaped the finished product by the technique of complexity, therefore, production on can implementation structure optimization, save material and save the energy.3D printing technique is suitable for new product development, quick-acting single and parts in small batch manufacture, the manufacture of complicated shape part, the design and manufaction etc. of mould, is also suitable for the manufacture of difficult-to-machine material, configuration design inspection, assembly test and rapid reaction engineering.Therefore, 3D printing industry receives to be paid close attention to both at home and abroad more and more widely, will become next tool sunrise industry with broad prospects for development.
In 3D prints, metal-powder directly can print and sinter final part into by precinct laser sintering (SLS) or electron beam selective melting (EBM), to have succeeded application for metal titanium and stainless steel.But for the matrix material that this two kinds of character of Wimet difference is larger, wherein WC belongs to ceramic-like, and fusing point is high; And Co belongs to metal, fusing point is low.Although the temperature that laser reaches is enough to WC to melt, when reaching WC temperature of fusion, Co can evaporate, and solidifies rear alloy structure and cannot meet requirement as Wimet.As sintering temperature controls only make Co melt, because sintering cemented carbide needs to maintain certain hour in liquid phase, this can cause shaped structure to cave in SLS or EBM.And the sintering of Wimet has very high requirement for the control of density and carbon content, and this also cannot realize in SLS or EBM.
In 3D prints, fuse method of piling (FDM) method is one technique the most easily, and along with technical progress, its index such as 3D printing-forming precision and surface smoothness also all reaches higher level.Existing FDM is the organic articles such as formable plastics.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of existing Wimet manufacture method and 3D Method of printing, the invention provides a kind of 3D and printing the method manufacturing Wimet.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a kind of 3D and prints the method manufacturing Wimet, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Hard alloy material powder and organic binder bond wet-milling are mixed and obtain slip, the content of described organic binder bond is 40 ~ 55vol.%;
Described slip spray-drying process is obtained granular mixture;
Described compound is squeezed into a material;
Described silk material is loaded 3D printer printing-forming and obtain base substrate;
Described base substrate dewaxing and sintering is obtained end article.
Further, described organic binder bond comprises one or both in paraffin and polyoxyethylene glycol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol.
Further, in described organic binder bond, the ratio of paraffin is 28 ~ 38wt.%.
Compared with existing Wimet manufacture method, such as mold pressing, isostatic pressed, injection forming, extrusion molding, the present invention prints by 3D can manufacture the more complicated hard metal article of shape, has greatly expanded the range of application of existing Wimet.And eliminate Making mold, save manufacturing cost.
Compared with existing Wimet manufacture method, the density of the complicated shape base substrate that the inventive method is shaped is more even, and the dimensional precision of final sintered article is higher.Existing manufacture method is all by die forming, and when powder and contacting dies, because frictional force exists, all for causing the surperficial and inner difference that there is blank density, by the goods of final sintering, this species diversity reflects that contraction is uneven, dimensional precision is low.
Compared with existing 3D Method of printing, the inventive method raw material powder is easily prepared, and can not cause the waste of powder.Particular requirement is not had for raw material powder, directly can use the raw material in existing hard carbide industry.And very high requirement is not had yet for the grain graininess after compound spraying dry and shape, identical with present hard carbide industry.And in existing powder 3D printing technique, in order to meet the conveying of powder, high to the requirement of the granularity of powder, size-grade distribution and shape, manufacture difficulty, cost is high.
In sum, method of the present invention and conventional rigid alloy preparation method close, be convenient to cemented carbide with complicated shape goods and realize suitability for industrialized production, manufacturing cost is lower.
Embodiment
Cemented Carbide Hardness is high, intensity is large, is very important tool die material and high-abrasive material.Traditional Wimet manufacture method is powder metallurgic method, mixes, adds organic binder bond granulation, press forming, degreasing sintered by ceramic phase WC with metallographic phase Co.Once sinter, Wimet has been difficult to processing, usually needs diamond tool grinding and electromachining mode.Therefore, Wimet is shaped and will reaches end article shape and size as far as possible after sintering.
The fuse sedimentation of 3D printing technique, it is equipment and process the most a kind of method in 3D printing technique, by fuse sedimentation for the preparation of cemented carbide with complicated shape, the suitability for industrialized production of complicated shape goods can be realized at lower cost, reach commodity practical.
In existing fuse sedimentation, employing be the silk material of Plastic material.Therefore, in the inventive method, in order to the fuse sedimentation realizing Wimet is shaped, just need to prepare be applicable to fuse sedimentation and silk material containing hard alloy material.
Therefore, in method of the present invention, first cemented carbide powder is mixed with organic binder bond ball milling, during ball milling, add organic solvent.Wherein the content of organic binder bond is 40 ~ 55vol.%, and the content of organic binder bond is very few, is difficult to fusing and gets off, and 3D process cannot be carried out continuously.And the defect such as shaping base substrate mesoporosity is more.When organic binder content is too much, sintering process is shunk large, and be easily out of shape, the density of end article does not reach requirement.
Organic binder bond comprise in paraffin and polyoxyethylene glycol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol one or both.Paraffin melting point is low, and after fusing, viscosity is little, but its intensity is low, and it can not obtain separately the silk material of sufficient intensity as binding agent.These melting points of organic compounds of polyoxyethylene glycol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol are high, and viscosity is large, and after being mixed into powder, viscosity can be larger, is difficult to continuous melting and piles up.Therefore will combinationally use both it.Preferably, in organic binder bond, the ratio of paraffin is 28 ~ 38wt.%.
Add liquid spheres grinding media by when above-mentioned cemented carbide powder and organic binder bond ball milling, such as alcohol, gasoline, dimethylbenzene etc., make all materials mix, and play the effect of protection material.
Liquid spheres grinding media is evaporated by slip spray drying device good for ball milling, and the particle simultaneously making dry materials become larger, make material have good mobility.Then be squeezed into a material with extrusion machine, be piled into Wimet base substrate for 3D printer fuse.Wimet base substrate becomes final hard metal article after dewaxing and sintering.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
WC powder and Co powder and paraffin, polyethylene are loaded ball milling bucket, the wherein content 55vol.% of organic binder bond in all materials, paraffin and poly weight ratio are 28:72, and add alcohol and carry out ball milling, raw material powder and organic binder bond wet-milling is mixed obtains slip; Described slip spray-drying process is obtained granular mixture; Described compound is squeezed into a material; Described silk material is loaded fuse sedimentation 3D printer printing-forming and obtain base substrate; Described base substrate dewaxing and sintering is obtained end article.
Embodiment 2
WC powder and Co powder and paraffin, polypropylene are loaded ball milling bucket, the wherein content 40vol.% of organic binder bond in all materials, paraffin and poly weight ratio are 38:62, and add alcohol and carry out ball milling, raw material powder and organic binder bond wet-milling is mixed obtains slip; Described slip spray-drying process is obtained granular mixture; Described compound is squeezed into a material; Described silk material is loaded fuse sedimentation 3D printer printing-forming and obtain base substrate; Described base substrate dewaxing and sintering is obtained end article.
Embodiment 3
WC powder and Co powder and paraffin, polyoxyethylene glycol, polyethylene are loaded ball milling bucket, the wherein content 50vol.% of organic binder bond in all materials, paraffin, polyoxyethylene glycol, poly weight ratio are 30:25:45, and add alcohol and carry out ball milling, raw material powder and organic binder bond wet-milling is mixed obtains slip; Described slip spray-drying process is obtained granular mixture; Described compound is squeezed into a material; Described silk material is loaded fuse sedimentation 3D printer printing-forming and obtain base substrate; Described base substrate dewaxing and sintering is obtained end article.
Embodiment 4
WC powder and Co powder and paraffin, polyoxyethylene glycol, polypropylene are loaded ball milling bucket, the wherein content 45vol.% of organic binder bond in all materials, paraffin, polyoxyethylene glycol, polyacrylic weight ratio are 35:25:40, and add alcohol and carry out ball milling, raw material powder and organic binder bond wet-milling is mixed obtains slip; Described slip spray-drying process is obtained granular mixture; Described compound is squeezed into a material; Described silk material is loaded fuse sedimentation 3D printer printing-forming and obtain base substrate; Described base substrate dewaxing and sintering is obtained end article.
Embodiment 5
WC powder and Co powder and paraffin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene are loaded ball milling bucket, the wherein content 45vol.% of organic binder bond in all materials, paraffin, polyvinyl alcohol, poly weight ratio are 35:20:45, and add alcohol and carry out ball milling, raw material powder and organic binder bond wet-milling is mixed obtains slip; Described slip spray-drying process is obtained granular mixture; Described compound is squeezed into a material; Described silk material is loaded fuse sedimentation 3D printer printing-forming and obtain base substrate; Described base substrate dewaxing and sintering is obtained end article.
Further, the inventive method is also suitable for the matrix material of metal, pottery or metal and pottery.Such as, the metallic substance such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, the stupalith such as alumina-ceramic, zirconia ceramics, and the ceramic-metal composite such as TiC-Ni/Mo, SiC-Al, can adopt the inventive method to manufacture these complex-shaped, difficult to machine materials easily.
Claims (3)
1. 3D prints the method manufacturing Wimet, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Hard alloy material powder and organic binder bond wet-milling are mixed and obtain slip, the content of described organic binder bond is 40 ~ 55vol.%;
Described slip spray-drying process is obtained granular mixture;
Described compound is squeezed into a material;
Described silk material is loaded 3D printer printing-forming and obtain base substrate;
Described base substrate degreasing sintering is obtained end article.
2. 3D prints and manufactures the method for Wimet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described organic binder bond comprises in paraffin and polyoxyethylene glycol, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol one or both.
3. 3D prints the method manufacturing Wimet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the ratio of paraffin in described organic binder bond is 28 ~ 38wt.%.
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| CN201510107078.8A CN104711442B (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2015-03-11 | A kind of 3D prints the method manufacturing hard alloy |
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| CN201510107078.8A CN104711442B (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2015-03-11 | A kind of 3D prints the method manufacturing hard alloy |
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| CN104711442B CN104711442B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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Cited By (15)
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| CN105057669A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-18 | 王海英 | Three-dimensional printing device and composite spraying head thereof |
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| CN105499570A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-20 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing method of metal ceramic functional gradient part in alternating magnetic field |
| CN105562696A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-11 | 江西理工大学 | Metal 3D printing method |
| CN105772727A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-07-20 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing forming method for metal material gradient parts |
| CN105798295A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-07-27 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method for molybdenum and molybdenum alloy part |
| CN105880583A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-24 | 四川大学 | Composite wire for manufacturing titanium product through 3D printing and preparation method of composite wire |
| CN106493349A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-03-15 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | 3 D-printing material, FDM three-dimensional printers and its Method of printing |
| CN107699283A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-02-16 | 河源富马硬质合金股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high wax than carbide paraffin raw material |
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| CN105057664A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 东莞劲胜精密组件股份有限公司 | 3D (Three Dimensional) printing powder material and 3D printing method |
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| CN105057669B (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-05-03 | 王海英 | Three-dimensional printing device and composite spraying head thereof |
| CN105057669A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-18 | 王海英 | Three-dimensional printing device and composite spraying head thereof |
| CN108472726A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-08-31 | 第六元素公司 | The method for manufacturing cemented carbide material |
| US10946445B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2021-03-16 | Element Six Gmbh | Method of manufacturing a cemented carbide material |
| CN113477921A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2021-10-08 | 第六元素公司 | Method for manufacturing hard alloy material |
| CN105499570A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-20 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing method of metal ceramic functional gradient part in alternating magnetic field |
| CN105562696A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-11 | 江西理工大学 | Metal 3D printing method |
| CN106493349A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-03-15 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | 3 D-printing material, FDM three-dimensional printers and its Method of printing |
| CN105798295A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-07-27 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Preparation method for molybdenum and molybdenum alloy part |
| CN105772727A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-07-20 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing forming method for metal material gradient parts |
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| JP2019524981A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-09-05 | クンシャン・カドム・ニュー・マテリアル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・リミテッドＫｕｎｓｈａｎ Ｋａｄａｍ Ｎｅｗ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｃｏ．， Ｌｔｄ． | 3D printing material and its preparation and use |
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| CN108356260A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-03 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of 3D printing manufacturing method of hard alloy special-shaped product |
| US11465209B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2022-10-11 | Stackpole International Powder Metal LLC | Binder jetting and supersolidus sintering of ferrous powder metal components |
| CN111360247A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-03 | 丽水学院 | Low-cost titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound indirect 3D printing method |
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