CN105562696A - Metal 3D printing method - Google Patents
Metal 3D printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105562696A CN105562696A CN201610015129.9A CN201610015129A CN105562696A CN 105562696 A CN105562696 A CN 105562696A CN 201610015129 A CN201610015129 A CN 201610015129A CN 105562696 A CN105562696 A CN 105562696A
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- metal
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- sintering
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and specifically relates to a metal 3D printing method. In order to solve the problems of high manufacturing cost, high risk, low component compactness, high surface roughness and the like of the existing metal 3D printing, the invention provides a metal 3D printing method. The metal 3D printing method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing an adhesive; (2) carrying out data modelling; (3) manufacturing a metal blank; (4) removing the adhesive; (5) sintering; (6) cooling metal components; and (7) taking out the metal components. The metal 3D printing method has the following beneficial effects: the metal components which have complex shapes, comprise closed cavities, complex cavities and the like, and cannot be manufactured by the traditional manufacturing process, can be prepared; and the prepared components have the advantages of high compactness, low surface roughness and the like. The metal 3D printing method disclosed by the invention is high in safety, high in reliability, and capable of significantly reducing the cost of metal 3D printing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D printing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of metal 3D Method of printing.
Background technology
Metal 3D printing both at home and abroad at present generally adopts high power laser or electron beam by metal dust layering sinter molding, this metal 3D printing technique has following defect: 1. the part manufactured is yielding, when deposite metal powder, easily produce larger stress in part, labyrinth needs interpolation to support to suppress the generation of being out of shape; 2. manufacture process poor controllability, during local melting metal dust, requires higher to performance parameters such as the oxygen content of dusty material, pattern and domain size distribution, and the stability of part performance controls comparatively difficulty; 3. equipment operating danger is high, and this forming process must use high power laser or electron beam to sinter under inert gas shielding, therefore its danger is higher; 4. cost intensive, equipment must use high power laser or electron beam to carry out metal sintering, and thermal energy conversion efficiency is low, equipment cost is expensive, difficult in maintenance.Therefore conventional metals 3D printing technique is difficult to meet the demand of people to high-test metal 3D printing part at present, cannot really generally apply in social production.
Summary of the invention
High in order to solve existing metal 3D printing manufacturing cost, dangerous high, part density is low, the problems such as surface roughness is high, the invention provides a kind of metal 3D Method of printing, to reach, manufacture process security is high, metal 3D prints low cost of manufacture, the part of manufacture is finer and close, the object that surface roughness is lower.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: in conjunction with Metal Injection Molding and droplet ejection free forming technology, in metal base forming process, by droplet ejection adhesive layering binder metal powder, complete cohering of 3-dimensional metal powder, form metal base; Again shaping metal base is taken out from moulding cylinder, put into sintering furnace, first remove the adhesive in idiosome by thermal debinding process, then high temperature sintering is carried out to the idiosome removing adhesive, metallic particles is shunk and forms fine and close metal parts.
Step of the present invention is:
(1) adhesive is prepared: prepare adhesive, cohering for metal dust; The component of adhesive and weight proportion are: 60 ~ 65% polystyrene, 15 ~ 20% polyethylene, 10 ~ 15% stearic acid, 5 ~ 10% diethyl phthalates or 55 ~ 65% polymethyl methacrylates, 15 ~ 25% ethylene-vinyl acetates, 15 ~ 20% stearic acid or 35 ~ 45% ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, 15 ~ 20% methylmethacrylate copolymers, 25 ~ 30% paraffin, 5 ~ 15% O-phthalic base dibutyl esters;
(2) data modeling: utilize Three-dimensional Design Software design elements model, derives rapid shaping form, imports hierarchy slicing software design patterns parameter and cuts into slices, obtain slice of data;
(3) manufacture metal base: the forming technique using droplet ejection free forming technology, spray adhesive by microsphere sprayer head and adhesive and metal dust are successively cohered formation metal base, manufacturing metal base process is: adhesive is added droplet ejection feeding system, metal dust is loaded for powder cylinder, pave compacting, then slice of data is imported droplet ejection free forming equipment, the microsphere sprayer head being controlled to carry out XY plane motion by computer given by droplet ejection feeding system feed, microsphere sprayer head ejects metal dust adhesive, be injected on the metal dust in moulding cylinder, after this layer of injection has been cohered, moulding cylinder declines a thickness, to rise a thickness for powder cylinder in both sides, release some powder, and shifted onto moulding cylinder by powder-laying roller, pave and be compacted, so powder feeding again and again, paving powder and injection adhesive, finally complete cohering of a 3-dimensional metal powder, form metal base,
(4) adhesive is removed: taken out from moulding cylinder by metal base, utilize in the thermal debinding process high temperature sintering furnace of Metal Injection Molding in being warmed up at a slow speed 150 ~ 350 degrees Celsius with 1 ~ 3 centigrade per minute, 5 ~ 10 hours duration, the adhesive in metal base is removed; Difference for part requires and the character of metal dust, and this thermal debinding process can be carried out in the gases such as vacuum, air, hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen mixture, hydrogen-argon-mixed, nitrogen hydrogen water gaseous mixture; In this thermal debinding process, metal base is heated to thermal debinding adhesive volatilization temperature, thermal debinding adhesive decomposes generation states of matter is changed, changes gaseous state into, reach and remove object;
(5) sinter: the sintering process using Metal Injection Molding, in high temperature sintering furnace, at 500 ~ 2000 degrees Celsius, the high temperature sintering of lasting 2 ~ 10 hours is carried out to the idiosome removing adhesive;
(6) cool metal part: stop heating, the metal parts sintered is cooled in stove;
(7) metal parts is taken out: taken out from high temperature sintering furnace by the metal parts cooled.
Described metal dust is the fine metal powder such as iron, aluminium, copper, stainless steel, carbide alloy, tungsten alloy, titanium alloy, low-alloy steel, high temperature alloy, and metal powder granulates degree is 0.5 ~ 20 μm.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for different metal dusts, in step (5), the sintering temperature of aluminium is at 500 ~ 600 degrees Celsius, stainless sintering temperature is at 1300 ~ 1400 degrees Celsius, and the sintering temperature of iron is at 1200 ~ 1300 degrees Celsius, and the sintering temperature of copper is at 1400 ~ 1500 degrees Celsius, the sintering temperature of tungsten alloy at 1400 ~ 1500 degrees Celsius, 3 ~ 6 hours sintering process duration.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (6), the metal parts sintered is naturally cooled to room temperature in stove;
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) material is extensive, and manufactured materials has the fine metal powder such as iron, aluminium, copper, stainless steel, carbide alloy, tungsten alloy, titanium alloy, low-alloy steel, high temperature alloy;
(2) complex parts that the complicated traditional machining prior powder metallurgy of moulding is difficult to manufacture can be produced;
(3) part is meticulous; The part manufactured can reach the relative density of 98%, and manufactured metal parts is finer and close meticulousr;
(4) handling safety; Do not use the high-risk such as laser and electron beam sintering processing, ensureing high-precision while, can operator safety be ensured again, greatly reduce the risk that metal 3D prints;
(5) performance is controlled; First shaping, rear sintering, sintering process height is controlled, and the properties controllability of part is strong, can produce the part of excellent performance.；
(6) with low cost; Do not use expensive laser and electron beam, sintering process energy utilization rate is high, and former is cheap, and agglomerating plant easily obtains, and integrated cost is low;
(7) legacy equipment must use high power laser or electron beam to sinter under inert gas shielding relatively; the difference that the present invention is directed to part requires and the character of metal dust, and its thermal debinding process can be carried out in the gases such as vacuum, air, hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen mixture, hydrogen-argon-mixed, nitrogen hydrogen water gaseous mixture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
In conjunction with Metal Injection Molding and droplet ejection free forming technology, use iron powder to make metal gear, granularity is 20 μm.
(1) adhesive is prepared: the component of adhesive and weight proportion 60% polystyrene, 15% polyethylene, 15% stearic acid, 10% diethyl phthalate;
(2) data modeling: utilize Three-dimensional Design Software design gear model, derives rapid shaping form, imports hierarchy slicing software design patterns parameter and cuts into slices, obtain slice of data;
(3) manufacture metal base: the forming technique using droplet ejection free forming technology, spray adhesive by microsphere sprayer head and adhesive and metal dust are successively cohered formation metal base, manufacture metal base process for adhesive is added droplet ejection feeding system, metal dust is loaded for powder cylinder, pave compacting, then slice of data is imported droplet ejection free forming equipment, the microsphere sprayer head being controlled to carry out XY plane motion by computer given by droplet ejection feeding system feed, microsphere sprayer head ejects metal dust adhesive, be injected on the metal dust in moulding cylinder, after this layer of injection has been cohered, moulding cylinder declines a thickness, to rise a thickness for powder cylinder in both sides, release some powder, and shifted onto moulding cylinder by powder-laying roller, pave and be compacted.So powder feeding again and again, paving powder and metal injection powder adhesive, finally complete cohering of a 3-dimensional metal powder, forms metal base;
(4) thermal debinding removes adhesive: taken out from moulding cylinder by metal base, the thermal debinding process of Metal Injection Molding is utilized to be warmed up at a slow speed 150 degrees Celsius with 3 centigrade per minutes in the high temperature sintering furnace of nitrogen and hydrogen mixture for atmosphere, 5 hours duration, remove the adhesive in metal base completely.In this thermal debinding process, metal base is heated to thermal debinding adhesive volatilization temperature, thermal debinding adhesive decomposes generation states of matter is changed, changes gaseous state into, reach and remove object;
(5) sinter: sinter the idiosome removing adhesive in high temperature sintering furnace, temperature is 1200 ~ 1300 degrees Celsius, 2 ~ 3 hours duration;
(6) cool metal part: stop heating, the metal parts sintered is naturally cooled to room temperature in stove;
(7) metal parts is taken out: taken out from high temperature sintering furnace by the metal parts cooled.
Embodiment 2
In conjunction with Metal Injection Molding and droplet ejection free forming technology, use aluminium powder to make metal cam, granularity is 15 μm.
(1) adhesive is prepared: the component of adhesive and weight proportion 65% polystyrene, 15% polyethylene, 10% stearic acid, 10% diethyl phthalate;
(2) data modeling: utilize Three-dimensional Design Software to design cam model, derive rapid shaping form, imports hierarchy slicing software design patterns parameter and cuts into slices, obtain slice of data;
(3) droplet ejection free forming manufactures metal base;
(4) thermal debinding removes adhesive: taken out from moulding cylinder by metal base, the thermal debinding process of Metal Injection Molding is utilized to be warmed up at a slow speed 300 degrees Celsius with 2 centigrade per minutes in the high temperature sintering furnace of vacuum, 7 hours duration, remove the adhesive in metal base completely;
(5) sinter: sinter the idiosome removing adhesive in high temperature sintering furnace, temperature is 500 ~ 600 degrees Celsius, 3 ~ 5 hours duration;
(6) cool metal part: stop heating, the metal parts sintered is cooled in stove;
(7) metal parts is taken out: taken out from high temperature sintering furnace by the metal parts cooled.
Embodiment 3
In conjunction with Metal Injection Molding and droplet ejection free forming technology, use 316L powder of stainless steel to make metal rotating shaft, granularity is 10 μm.
(1) adhesive is prepared: the component of adhesive and weight proportion 55% polymethyl methacrylate, 25% ethylene-vinyl acetate, 20% stearic acid;
(2) data modeling: utilize Three-dimensional Design Software to design rotating shaft model, derive rapid shaping form, imports hierarchy slicing software design patterns parameter and cuts into slices, obtain slice of data;
(3) droplet ejection free forming manufactures metal base;
(4) thermal debinding removes adhesive: taken out from moulding cylinder by metal base, the thermal debinding process of Metal Injection Molding is utilized to be warmed up at a slow speed 350 degrees Celsius with 1 centigrade per minute in the high temperature sintering furnace with hydrogen-argon-mixed being atmosphere, 10 hours duration, remove the adhesive in metal base completely;
(5) sinter: sinter the idiosome removing adhesive in high temperature sintering furnace, temperature is 1300 ~ 1400 degrees Celsius, 6 ~ 7 hours duration;
(6) cool metal part: stop heating, the metal parts sintered is naturally cooled to room temperature in stove.
(7) metal parts is taken out: taken out from high temperature sintering furnace by the metal parts cooled.
Embodiment 4
In conjunction with Metal Injection Molding and droplet ejection free forming technology, use tungsten steel alloy powder to make metal knife, granularity is 0.5 μm.
(1) adhesive is prepared: the component of adhesive and weight proportion 40% ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 20% methylmethacrylate copolymer, 30% paraffin, 10% O-phthalic base dibutyl ester;
(2) data modeling: utilize Three-dimensional Design Software to design rotating shaft model, derive rapid shaping form, imports hierarchy slicing software design patterns parameter and cuts into slices, obtain slice of data;
(3) droplet ejection free forming manufactures metal base;
(4) thermal debinding removes adhesive: taken out from moulding cylinder by metal base, the thermal debinding process of Metal Injection Molding is utilized to be warmed up at a slow speed 350 degrees Celsius with 2 centigrade per minutes in the high temperature sintering furnace of vacuum, 5 hours duration, remove the adhesive in metal base completely; In this thermal debinding process, metal base is heated to thermal debinding adhesive volatilization temperature, thermal debinding adhesive decomposes generation states of matter is changed, changes gaseous state into, reach and remove object;
(5) sinter: sinter the idiosome removing adhesive in high temperature sintering furnace, temperature is 1400 ~ 1500 degrees Celsius, 2 ~ 3 hours duration;
(6) cool metal part: stop heating, the metal parts sintered is naturally cooled to room temperature in stove;
(7) metal parts is taken out: taken out from high temperature sintering furnace by the metal parts cooled.
Embodiment 5
In conjunction with Metal Injection Molding and droplet ejection free forming technology, tungsten nickel powder is used to make metal die.
(1) adhesive is prepared: the component of adhesive and weight proportion 40% ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 20% methylmethacrylate copolymer, 30% paraffin, 10% O-phthalic base dibutyl ester;
(2) data modeling: utilize Three-dimensional Design Software to design rotating shaft model, derive rapid shaping form, imports hierarchy slicing software design patterns parameter and cuts into slices, obtain slice of data;
(3) droplet ejection free forming manufactures metal base: adhesive is added droplet ejection feeding system, metal dust is loaded for powder cylinder, pave compacting, then slice of data is imported droplet ejection free forming equipment, the microsphere sprayer head being controlled to carry out XY plane motion by computer given by droplet ejection feeding system feed, microsphere sprayer head ejects metal dust adhesive, be injected on the metal dust in moulding cylinder, after this layer of injection has been cohered, moulding cylinder declines a thickness, to rise a thickness for powder cylinder in both sides, release some powder, and shifted onto moulding cylinder by powder-laying roller, pave and be compacted.So powder feeding again and again, paving powder and metal injection powder adhesive, finally complete cohering of a 3-dimensional metal powder, forms metal base;
(4) thermal debinding removes adhesive: taken out from moulding cylinder by metal base, the thermal debinding process of Metal Injection Molding is utilized to be warmed up at a slow speed 280 degrees Celsius with 3 centigrade per minutes in the high temperature sintering furnace of vacuum, 5 ~ 10 hours duration, remove the adhesive in metal base completely.In this thermal debinding process, metal base is heated to thermal debinding adhesive volatilization temperature, thermal debinding adhesive decomposes generation states of matter is changed, changes gaseous state into, reach and remove object;
(5) sinter: sinter the idiosome removing adhesive in high temperature sintering furnace, temperature is 1400 ~ 1500 degrees Celsius, 8 ~ 10 hours duration;
(6) cool metal part: stop heating, the metal parts sintered is naturally cooled to room temperature in stove.
(7) metal parts is taken out: taken out from high temperature sintering furnace by the metal parts cooled.
The above embodiment only have expressed the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion, improvement and substitute, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a metal 3D Method of printing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) adhesive is prepared: prepare adhesive, cohering for metal dust;
(2) data modeling: utilize Three-dimensional Design Software design elements model, derives rapid shaping form, imports hierarchy slicing software design patterns parameter and cuts into slices, obtain slice of data;
(3) manufacture metal base: the forming technique using droplet ejection free forming technology, spray adhesive by microsphere sprayer head and adhesive and metal dust are successively cohered formation metal base;
(4) adhesive is removed: being taken out from moulding cylinder by metal base, utilizing in being warmed up at a slow speed 150 ~ 350 degrees Celsius with 1 ~ 3 centigrade per minute in the thermal debinding process high temperature sintering furnace of Metal Injection Molding, 5 ~ 10 hours duration;
(5) sinter: the sintering process using Metal Injection Molding, in high temperature sintering furnace, at 500 ~ 2000 degrees Celsius, the high temperature sintering of lasting 2 ~ 10 hours is carried out to the idiosome removing adhesive;
(6) cool metal part: stop heating, the metal parts sintered is cooled in stove;
(7) metal parts is taken out: taken out from high temperature sintering furnace by the metal parts cooled.
2. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, component and the weight proportion of adhesive described in step (1) are: 60 ~ 65% polystyrene, 15 ~ 20% polyethylene, 10 ~ 15% stearic acid, 5 ~ 10% diethyl phthalates.
3. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, component and the weight proportion of adhesive described in step (1) are: 55 ~ 65% polymethyl methacrylates, 15 ~ 25% ethylene-vinyl acetates, 15 ~ 20% stearic acid.
4. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, component and the weight proportion of adhesive described in step (1) are: 35 ~ 45% ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, 15 ~ 20% methylmethacrylate copolymers, 25 ~ 30% paraffin, 5 ~ 15% O-phthalic base dibutyl esters.
5. the metal 3D Method of printing according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, described metal dust is iron, aluminium, copper, stainless steel, carbide alloy, tungsten alloy, titanium alloy, low-alloy steel or high temperature alloy.
6. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, for different metal dusts, in step (5), the sintering temperature of aluminium is at 500 ~ 600 degrees Celsius, and stainless sintering temperature is at 1300 ~ 1400 degrees Celsius, and the sintering temperature of iron is at 1200 ~ 1300 degrees Celsius, the sintering temperature of copper is at 1400 ~ 1500 degrees Celsius, and the sintering temperature of tungsten alloy is at 1400 ~ 1500 degrees Celsius.
7. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal powder granulates degree is 0.5 ~ 20 μm.
8. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (5), and 2 ~ 3 hours sintering process duration.
9. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (6), the metal parts sintered is naturally cooled to room temperature in stove.
10. metal 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, thermal debinding process can be carried out in vacuum, air, hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen mixture, hydrogen-argon-mixed or nitrogen hydrogen water gaseous mixture gas.
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| CN106363168A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-01 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Micro-texture hard alloy ball-end mill preparation method based on 3D printing technology |
| CN106426916A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-02-22 | 南方科技大学 | 3D (three-dimensional) printing method |
| CN106862570A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of many shower nozzle Collaborative Control metal dust 3D forming methods |
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