CN114711239A - 一种含有乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的药物组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种含有乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的药物组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114711239A CN114711239A CN202210521676.XA CN202210521676A CN114711239A CN 114711239 A CN114711239 A CN 114711239A CN 202210521676 A CN202210521676 A CN 202210521676A CN 114711239 A CN114711239 A CN 114711239A
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- Prior art keywords
- azoxystrobin
- ethylicin
- bactericidal composition
- agent
- soluble
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的药物组合物及其应用。所述乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的质量比为(128‑1000)：1。本发明将乙蒜素和嘧菌酯复配作为杀菌组合物，对土传病害病原菌刺盘孢属具有极好的防治效果。通过乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的复配使用，既能有效提高药剂防治效果也能减少农药使用量。试验结果表明，本发明所述药物组合物防治作物土传病原菌刺盘孢属效果更好，药物组合物具有协同增效作用，效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体涉及一种含有乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的药物组合物及其应用。
背景技术
土传病害是由土壤中存活的病原物侵染所引起的一类植物病害。土传病害尤其在温室大棚的作物上危害严重，是保护地作物的重要病害之一。近年来，土传病害在我国的发生越发严重和频繁。由于具有很强的暴发性和传染性，土传病害导致农作物大面积减产，严重时甚至绝收，给农业生产带来了巨大的损失。土传病害主要发生在黄瓜、番茄、生姜、三七、百合、草莓等作物上，导致作物减产、品质下降，严重影响农业生产，土传病害的问题越来越突出。通过作物种植前进行土壤消毒处理能够有效的防治土传病害，但是在作物中后期如果受到土传病害的危害，则没有直接有效的方法进行控制。
乙蒜素，其他中文名称：抗菌剂402，英文通用名称：ethylicin，化学名称：乙基硫代磺酸乙酯，分子式：C4H1002S2。乙蒜素为我国首创农药新品种，成本和价格与其它杀菌剂相比低廉。是一种植物源仿生农药，系食用大蒜提取物大蒜素的乙基同系物。其杀菌机制是其分子结构中的(S-S＝O＝O)基团与菌体分子中含-SH基的物质反应，从而抑制菌体正常代谢；对植物生长具有刺激作用。
嘧菌酯，化学名称：(E)-2-{2-[6(2-氰基苯氧基)嘧啶-4-基氧]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸酯，化学式：C22H17N3O5，是甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌农药，高效、广谱，对几乎所有的真菌界(子囊菌亚门、担子菌亚门、鞭毛菌亚门和半知菌亚门)病害如白粉病、锈病、颖枯病、网斑病、霜霉病、稻瘟病等均有良好的活性。可用于茎叶喷雾、种子处理，也可进行土壤处理，主要用于谷物、水稻、花生、葡萄、马铃薯、果树、蔬菜、咖啡、草坪等。目前并没有乙蒜素和嘧菌酯复配的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含有乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的药物组合物及其应用。
一种杀菌组合物，所述杀菌组合物的活性成分为乙蒜素和嘧菌酯。
所述乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的质量比为(128-1000)：1。
所述杀菌组合物还包括辅助剂，所述辅助剂选自润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂和载体中的一种或多种。
所述杀菌组合物的剂型为纳米乳液、可湿性粉剂、颗粒剂、可溶粉剂、可溶粒剂、可溶片剂、水分散粒剂、可湿性粉剂、微囊颗粒剂、水分散片剂、微囊悬浮剂、可分散液剂、乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂、可分散油悬浮剂、可溶液剂或超低容量液剂。
润湿剂选自烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸钠、琥珀酸二辛脂磺酸钠、α烯烃磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚乙氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、蚕沙、皂角粉、无患子粉、SOPA、净洗剂、乳化剂2000系列聚羧酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐、苯乙烯基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物、植物油环氧乙烷加成物及衍生物、苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯醇或丙烯酸共聚物中的一种或多种。
分散剂选自木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸盐、三苯乙烯基苯酚、乙氧基化物磷酸酯、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醚缩合物硫酸盐、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、甘油脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯醚、聚羧酸盐类、聚丙烯酸类、磷酸盐类、EO-PO嵌段共聚物或EO-PO接枝共聚物中的一种或多种。
乳化剂选自烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、脂肪醇环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚或烷基酚醚磷酸酯、油酸酯类乳化剂或烷基苯磺酸盐中的一种或多种。
增稠剂选自黄原胶、淀粉、有机膨润土、阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠、硅酸镁铝、羧甲基纤维素或白炭黑中的一种或多种。
崩解剂所述崩解剂选自硫酸钠、硫酸铵、氯化铝、氯化钠、氯化铵、膨润土、葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、纤维素、尿素、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸或酒石酸中的一种或多种。
防冻剂选自醇类、醇醚类、氯代烃类或无机盐类中的一种或多种。
消泡剂选自C10-C20饱和脂肪酸类化合物、硅油、硅酮类化合物、C8-C10脂肪醇中的一种或多种。
溶剂选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、环己酮、碳酸亚烃酯、柴油、溶剂油、植物油、植物油衍生物或去离子水中的一种或多种。
防腐剂选自丙酸、丙酸钠盐、山梨酸、山梨酸钠盐、山梨酸钾盐、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、卡松或1,2-苯并异噻唑啉3-酮中的一种或多种。
稳定剂选自磷酸氢二钠、草酸、丁二酸、己二酸、硼砂、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、油酸三乙醇胺、环氧化植物油、高岭土、膨润土、凹凸棒土、白炭黑、滑石粉、蒙脱石或淀粉中的一种或多种。
增效剂选自增效磷、增效醚。
载体选自铵盐、磨碎的天然矿物、磨碎的人造矿物、硅酸盐、树脂、蜡、固体肥料、水、有机溶剂、矿物油、植物油或植物油衍生物中的一种或多种。
所述杀菌组合物在农业、林业、园艺上防治植物病害的应用。
所述植物病害为植物病原真菌；所述植物病原真菌为刺盘孢属病原菌。
所述方法为喷雾、滴灌、灌根、撒施、穴施或拌种。
本发明的有益效果：本发明将乙蒜素和嘧菌酯复配作为杀菌组合物，对土传病害病原菌刺盘孢属具有极好的防治效果。通过乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的复配使用，既能有效提高药剂防治效果也能减少农药使用量。试验结果表明，本发明所述药物组合物防治作物土传病原菌刺盘孢属效果更好，药物组合物具有协同增效作用，效果显著。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的刺盘孢属菌饼生长情况的数码照片图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
实施例1：乙蒜素与嘧菌酯药物组合物对刺盘孢属的抑制试验
1.试验菌种
刺盘孢属(市售：上海抚生实业有限公司)。
2.试验药剂
供试药剂为乙蒜素(由海南正业中农高科股份有限公司提供)和嘧菌酯(市售：英国先正达有限公司)。
3.试验方案设计
按照中华人民共和国农业行业标准(NY/T 1156.2-2008)，采用菌丝生长速率法进行测定药剂的防治效果。设置的乙蒜素与嘧菌酯各2浓度进行复配，共4个处理，另外设置单剂乙蒜素、单剂嘧菌酯、对照样清水，总计9个处理，每个处理重复测定3次。
通过预备试验和所测定的单剂的理论LC50值和LC70值(生测方法如后所述)进行试验设计，被试样品的详细信息如表1所示：
表1乙蒜素与嘧菌酯复配试验药剂浓度
| 编号 | 药剂 | 有效成分浓度(mg/L) |
| 1 | 嘧菌酯 | 0.04 |
| 2 | 嘧菌酯 | 0.25 |
| 3 | 乙蒜素 | 32 |
| 4 | 乙蒜素 | 40 |
| 5 | 嘧菌酯+乙蒜素 | 0.04+32 |
| 6 | 嘧菌酯+乙蒜素 | 0.04+40 |
| 7 | 嘧菌酯+乙蒜素 | 0.25+32 |
| 8 | 嘧菌酯+乙蒜素 | 0.25+40 |
| CK | / |
在超净台中将乙蒜素先用99.5％丙酮溶解，然后用蒸馏水稀释；将吡唑醚菌酯先用99.5％丙酮溶解，然后再同时加蒸馏水和吐温80稀释，将药剂按照表1所示浓度配制完成，充分混合均匀后备用。
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)制备：
称取由青岛日水生物技术有限公司生产的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)39.0g于1L蒸馏水中，搅拌加热煮沸至完全溶解，分装。121℃高压灭菌15分钟，备用。
含药平板的制备：将刚灭菌的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)(49mL/瓶)冷却至45℃左右，用移液枪吸取1mL配制好的药液，加入到培养基中，混合均匀后倒平板，配制成0.04mg/L、0.25mg/L、32mg/L、40mg/L、0.04mg/L+32mg/L、0.04mg/L+40mg/L、0.25mg/L+32mg/L、0.25mg/L+40mg/L浓度的药剂平板，每瓶培养基倒3个皿。
接菌：将培养好的刺盘孢属，在无菌操作条件下用直径5mm的灭菌打孔器，选择长势一致的菌落，自菌落边缘切取菌饼，用接种器将菌饼接种于含药平板中央，菌丝面向下，盖上皿盖，封好封口膜后置于28℃培养箱中黑暗培养。
数据测量：培养7d后，用十字交叉法测量菌饼直径。
结果计算：
菌落增长直径＝菌落直径-菌饼直径
测定结果用存活率和Cobly法计算，以空白对照菌落增长直径和药剂处理的菌落增长直径计算各药剂处理对刺盘孢属菌丝生长存活率。
生长存活率(％)＝药剂处理菌落增长直径/对照菌落增长直径×100
复配药剂的防效计算采用Cobly法
E＝X1×X2…×Xn/100(n-1)
E为混剂的理论防效；n为混用药剂的数量；X1表示施用第1种药剂后的存活率；X2表示施用第2种药剂药剂后的存活率；Xn表示施用第n种药剂后的存活率。当混剂实际存活率大于理论存活率时，表示拮抗；当混剂实际存活率小于理论存活率时，表示增效。
试验结果分析：
表2乙蒜素与嘧菌酯药物组合物对刺盘孢属的室内毒力测定结果
从表2可以看出，乙蒜素与嘧菌酯的质量比在(128-1000)：1之间时均具有协同增效作用，其中比例为800:1的增效作用最为明显，增效作用显著。
实施例2
将乙蒜素原药12.8g和嘧菌酯原药0.1g，脂肪醇乙氧基化物2g，甘油脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯醚1g，十二烷基硫酸钠2g，有机硅消泡剂1g，增稠剂阿拉伯树胶1g，防冻剂乙二醇2g，最后用去离子水补至100g，混合均匀后，加入砂磨介质，用砂磨机高速研磨2h至D90(90％的颗粒的粒径)＜10μm，获得粉碎浆料过滤出去砂磨介质制得有效成分质量含量为12.9wt％悬浮剂。
实施例3
将乙蒜素原药16g、嘧菌酯原药0.1g，5g聚乳酸溶于30mL二氯甲烷中混合均匀作为油相，2g聚乙二醇溶于80mL水中搅拌均匀作为水相。在搅拌条件下将油相逐滴加入水相中，随后超声10min，将超声乳化后的样品在磁力搅拌器上以500rpm的转速搅拌，反应24h使二氯甲烷充分挥发，即得16.1％乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的纳米乳液。
实施例4
将乙蒜素原药80g、嘧菌酯原药0.1g、正丁醇8g、十二烷基苯磺酸钙6g、乙醇2g充分溶解混合成均匀透明的油相，加入去离子水补足100g，稍加搅拌成均一透明溶液，制得有效成分质量含量为80.1wt％的微乳剂。
实施例5
将乙蒜素原药10g、嘧菌酯原药0.01g、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚EL-80 2.7g，十二烷基苯磺酸钙0.3g，丙三醇1g，200#溶剂油10g，蒸馏水补足100g，搅拌均匀后于5000r/min剪切5min，制备得有效成分质量含量为10.1％水乳剂。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述杀菌组合物的活性成分为乙蒜素和嘧菌酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述乙蒜素和嘧菌酯的质量比为(128-1000)：1。
3.根据权利要求1所述杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述杀菌组合物还包括辅助剂，所述辅助剂选自润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂和载体中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述杀菌组合物的剂型为纳米乳液、可湿性粉剂、颗粒剂、可溶粉剂、可溶粒剂、可溶片剂、水分散粒剂、可湿性粉剂、微囊颗粒剂、水分散片剂、微囊悬浮剂、可分散液剂、乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂、可分散油悬浮剂、可溶液剂或超低容量液剂。
5.权利要求1所述杀菌组合物在农业、林业、园艺上防治植物病害的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述杀菌组合物在农业、林业、园艺上防治植物病害的应用，其特征在于，所述植物病害为植物病原真菌；所述植物病原真菌为刺盘孢属病原菌。
7.权利要求1-4任一项所述的杀菌组合物用于防治植物病害的方法，其特征在于，所述方法为喷雾、滴灌、灌根、撒施、穴施或拌种。
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