CN114711093A - Winter small foot-covering mushroom stock culture medium and culture method - Google Patents
Winter small foot-covering mushroom stock culture medium and culture method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a culture medium and a culture method for an original strain of a winter small foot mushroom; the application researches to obtain a culture medium for the original seeds of the winter pleurotus eryngii, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight (dry weight): 75-80% of wood chips, 15-20% of wheat grains, 2-4% of lime and 1-3% of compound fertilizer. The culture medium is suitable for the stock culture stage of the winter pleurotus cornucopiae, and when the culture medium is used for culture, the hyphae of the winter pleurotus cornucopiae have the advantages of fast material consumption, robustness, development, high concentration, developed aerial hyphae, easy formation of sclerotia and large quantity, and the problems of slow material consumption, long culture period, complex and long seed production period, easy aging and the like of the traditional culture strains are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a culture medium and a culture method for an original strain of a winter beech mushroom.
Background
The winter pleurotus cornucopiae (Volvariella brutala He sp.) is commonly called as low-temperature volvaria volvacea and Stachybotrys gramineus, belongs to Pluteaceae, belongs to Volvariella, is a new species discovered by Mr. shaohang of biological research institute of Guizhou province in 1987, is distributed in Guizhou nationwide only, is also the only low-temperature fruiting species in the pleurotus cornucopiae at present, has high resistance and tolerance to low-temperature environment, overcomes the defect that the edible species of the pleurotus cornucopiae are medium-high temperature types, and has important significance for making up market gaps of the pleurotus cornucopiae in winter. The mushroom has delicious and tasty meat quality, contains rich amino acids and mineral elements, and has important market value and scientific research value.
In recent years, a team has achieved certain results in the aspects of variety breeding and production technology on the basis of resource collection, variety breeding and demonstration cultivation of the winter beech mushrooms, and researches show that the cultivation temperature is suitable to be 15-18 ℃, and the pH value is suitable to be 7-9; the optimal carbon and nitrogen source is sucrose and wheat bran respectively; the optimum carbon to nitrogen ratio (glucose: peptone) was 30: 1. But the soil leaching liquor which is considered to be distributed at a point is produced by the winter small bag foot mushroom mother strain in DB 52/T1435-2019 in the regional standard of Guizhou province; the original seeds and the cultivated seeds are not systematically researched, the problems of complex seed production, long period, easy aging and the like exist in the industry, and huge resistance is brought to the large-scale and standardized development of the winter beech mushroom industry. Therefore, the production process, the formula and the technical requirements of the original and cultivated species of the winter pleurotus eryngii are researched and provided in time, and by using the culture medium and the culture method, the hypha of the winter pleurotus eryngii has the advantages of fast material consumption, robustness, development, high concentration, developed aerial hypha, easiness in forming sclerotia and large quantity, the problems of slow material consumption, long culture period, complexity in seed production, long period, easiness in aging and the like of the traditional culture strains are solved, and the culture medium has important significance for industrialization and standardized popularization of the winter pleurotus eryngii.
Patent document No. CN103980027B discloses a strain culture medium of pleurotus geesteranus, a preparation method thereof and a strain culture method using the same, wherein the strain culture medium comprises: 80% of corncob, 18% of rice bran, 1% of calcium superphosphate and 1% of glucose; corncobs; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding boiling water into corncobs to completely submerge the raw materials, soaking for 0.8-1.2 h, filtering out water, adding rice bran, calcium superphosphate and sucrose in the formula, and uniformly stirring to form a culture medium; checking and adjusting the water content of the culture medium, wherein the water content is 50-55%; bottling and sterilizing. The strain culture method comprises the following steps: strain separation, culture and transfer: then, the switching is carried out for more than 2 times according to the same method.
A cultivation technology of winter shouldering mushrooms (Delaware, Baishitong in rural areas, 2016-08-01.) discloses a cultivation technology of the winter shouldering mushrooms, wherein a culture medium formula of a production seed is disclosed as follows: 70% of corn cob powder, 18% of rice bran, 10% of bran, 1% of calcium superphosphate and 1% of sucrose.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a culture medium and a culture method for winter beech mushroom stock seeds to solve the problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
1. a winter beech mushroom stock culture medium comprises the following components: 75-80% of wood chips, 15-20% of wheat grains, 2-4% of lime and 1-3% of compound fertilizer. The total formula amount of the stock culture medium is 100%.
Further, the optimal formula of the stock culture medium is as follows: 79% of wood chips, 17% of wheat grains, 3% of lime and 1% of compound fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the winter small-bag foot mushroom stock culture medium comprises the following steps: selecting wheat grains without mildew and germination, sieving, removing impurities, soaking wheat grains in tap water for 20-24 hr, changing water for 2-3 times, boiling for 10-15 min, taking out, and draining; adding thoroughly soaked sawdust, mixing sawdust and wheat grains, adding compound fertilizer, gypsum powder and quicklime powder, stirring thoroughly, adding culture medium with water content of 60%, preparing stock seeds with stock seed bottle of 350ml, and sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 2 hr.
3. The culture method of the winter beech mushroom comprises mother strain activation, stock strain preparation, inoculation culture and cultivated strain culture.
Further, the culture method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) activating a mother seed: preparing 30 plates of winter small foot mushroom strain activation culture medium, inoculating the test tube stock on a stock activation culture medium culture dish (to the central position of the plate) in an aseptic environment, and culturing and activating for 20 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 15 ℃ for later use;
further, the formula of the activation medium is as follows: 10.0g of cane sugar, 5.0g of glucose, 2.0g of wheat bran, 2.0g of beef extract and KH2PO4 1g，MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 20g of agar and 1000mL of distilled water, and the pH value is adjusted to 8.
(2) Preparing an original seed: preparing a stock culture medium, preparing stock seeds by using a stock seed bottle, and sterilizing for 2 hours by high-pressure steam at 121 ℃;
(3) inoculating and culturing: using a puncher to make a round sheet along the edges of the bacterial colonies of the activated mother seeds, inoculating 3-5 sheets of each stock seed, placing the stock seed in a stock seed bottle, placing the stock seed in the middle of the stock seed bottle after inoculation, culturing the stock seed in dark light at 15-18 ℃ for 35-40 days until hyphae grow to the bottom of the bottle, forming sclerotia in 40-50 days, and indicating that the stock seed is cultured and the preparation of cultivated species can be started;
(4) cultivating cultivars: inoculating the stock seeds cultured in the step (3) into a culture bottle, inoculating 15-20 bottles of each stock seed into the culture bottle, placing the culture bottle into a culture room for 15-18 ℃ for shading culture, growing hyphae for about 38-42 days, and forming sclerotium for 42-52 days, which indicates that the culture of the culture seeds is finished.
The winter small foot mushroom strain adopted by the application is separated from a wild winter small foot mushroom fruiting body, and the strain is preserved in the institute of biological research in Guizhou province.
Winter small-bag foot mushroom stock culture medium formula screening experiment
1. The specific formulation is shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
2. Experimental methods
(1) Mother seed activation
Preparing 30 plates of the strain activation culture medium of the winter small foot mushrooms, inoculating the stock in the test tube to the central position of a culture dish on the stock activation culture medium in an aseptic environment, and culturing and activating for 20 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 15 ℃ for later use.
(2) Preparation of stock seed
According to a formula of a stock culture medium of 1-9, stirring the main material and the bran, then adding the compound fertilizer, the gypsum powder and the quicklime powder, and fully stirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the culture material is 60%; stock seeds were prepared using a 350mL stock seed bottle (purchased tissue culture bottle), and autoclaved at 121 ℃ for 2 hours.
(3) Inoculating and culturing
And placing the sterilized material bag in a sterile room, and cooling to below 20 ℃ to inoculate. Making into round pieces along the edges of bacterial colonies by using a puncher with the diameter of 8mm, inoculating 1 piece of each stock seed, placing the stock seed in the middle of a stock seed bottle, and placing the stock seed bottle in a constant-temperature incubator at 15 ℃ for dark culture after inoculation. Each stock formulation treated 18 vials, which were replicated 3 times, for each 6 vials replicate. Controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the culture room not to exceed 3 per mill. Observing and recording hypha growth vigor, hypha color, average growth speed, average bottle filling time and the like.
Second, comparison of hypha growth rates of different compost formulas
The main materials of the compost are replaced, the other raw materials are the same as the compost, the culture conditions are the same, and the growth conditions of hyphae are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 hypha growth rates for different compost formulas
Optimized formula of three-phase orthogonal experiment
The stock culture medium of the winter toenail was optimally designed by the orthorhombic method, and the results are shown in tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 4 influence of orthogonal optimization formula on growth rate of hyphae of Pleurotus cornucopiae in winter
TABLE 5 analysis of variance table for orthogonal test of Oncorhynchus comatus (Fr.) Quel
Note: indicates significance at the 0.01 level; indicates significance at the 0.05 level.
Results and analysis:
the method selects wheat grains, corncobs, corn stalks, straws, sawdust, cottonseed hulls, wheat stalks, giant fungus grasses and coconut chaff as main raw materials, and screens out an optimal nutritional formula suitable for the growth of hypha of the pleurotus ostreatus in winter. The results are obtained by comparing the growth speeds of hyphae in different formulas: when wood chips are used as a main raw material, hypha quickly takes materials, almost grows over the bottom of a bottle after 35 days, and sclerotium begins to form after about 40 days; when wheat grains are used as main raw materials, although eating is slow, hyphae grow densely and neatly, and are grey white and strong; when the pennisetum hydridum and the cornstalks are used as raw materials, hyphae grow rapidly.
Therefore, two raw materials, namely sawdust and wheat grains, which have the fastest growing speed of hyphae and have thick and strong hyphae are selected to be subjected to orthogonal analysis experiments, and four levels are set, and 16 combinations are combined; the result analysis shows that the wheat grains have no significant difference on the growth of the hyphae of the winter pleurotus cornucopiae, and the wood chips have significant difference on the growth of the hyphae of the winter pleurotus cornucopiae, so that the wood chips are the main factor determining the growth of the hyphae. Finally, the following results are obtained: the optimal ratio suitable for cultivating the hypha of the pleurotus citrinopileatus is wood chips: when the grain is 81:17, the hyphae grow for 40 days and are accompanied by sclerotia. Namely, the formula of the stock culture medium is as follows: 79% of wood chips, 17% of wheat grains, 3% of lime and 1% of compound fertilizer.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. through the research of 9 main culture medium systems of winter pleurotus cornucopiae stock culture medium sawdust, straw, cottonseed hulls, corncobs, coconut coir, wheat grains, pennisetum hydridum, wheat stalks, corn stalks and the like, the optimal stock culture medium is screened out to be sawdust and wheat grains;
2. screening 79% of sawdust, 17% of wheat grains, 3% of lime and 1% of compound fertilizer according to an optimal formula by using a two-factor 4 horizontal orthogonal experiment of the sawdust and the wheat grains; the hyphae grow for 40 days and overgrow the stock seed bottle, the hyphae are strong, developed and high in density, and aerial hyphae are developed and accompanied by sclerotia.
3. According to the earlier stage research basis, the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio of the winter foot mushrooms is 30:1, and the optimal formula of the winter foot mushrooms is finally determined to be 75-80% of sawdust, 15-20% of wheat grains, 2-4% of lime and 1-3% of compound fertilizer. Solves the problems of slow feeding, long culture period, complex and long seed production, easy aging and the like of the traditional culture strains. The wood chip proportion is too high, so that the stock growth is slow, the mycelium is weak, and the sclerotia is formed later; the proportion of wheat grains is too high, the original seeds have poor ventilation and cannot overgrow, the original seeds are easy to age and thick fungus skin is easy to form.
Drawings
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are photographs of mother tube.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different culture medium formulas on the growth of hyphae of Pleurotus citrinopileatus Sing.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of an orthogonal optimization experiment.
FIG. 5 is a process of an orthogonal optimization formula verification experiment.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
1. A winter beech mushroom stock culture medium comprises the following components: 79% of wood chips, 17% of wheat grains, 3% of lime and 1% of compound fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the winter pleurotus cornucopiae stock culture medium comprises the following steps: selecting wheat grains without mildew and germination, sieving, removing impurities, soaking wheat grains in tap water for 22 hr, changing water for 3 times, boiling in boiling water for 13 min, taking out, and draining; adding thoroughly soaked sawdust, mixing sawdust and wheat grains, adding compound fertilizer, gypsum powder and quicklime powder, stirring thoroughly, adding culture medium with water content of 60%, preparing stock seeds with stock seed bottle of 350ml, and sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 2 hr.
3. The culture method of the winter beech mushroom comprises mother strain activation, stock strain preparation, inoculation culture and cultivated strain culture.
Further, the culture method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) activating the parent strain: preparing 30 plates of winter small foot mushroom strain activation culture medium, inoculating the test tube stock on a stock activation culture medium culture dish (to the central position of the plate) in an aseptic environment, and culturing and activating for 20 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 15 ℃ for later use;
further, the formula of the activation medium is as follows: 10.0g of cane sugar, 5.0g of glucose, 2.0g of wheat bran, 2.0g of beef extract and KH2PO4 1g，MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 20g of agar, 1000mL of distilled water and the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 8.
(2) Preparing an original seed: preparing a stock culture medium, preparing stock seeds by using a stock seed bottle, and sterilizing for 2 hours by high-pressure steam at 121 ℃;
(3) inoculating and culturing: using a puncher to punch a round piece along the edge of the colony of the activated mother strain, inoculating 3 pieces of each stock strain, placing the stock strain in the middle of a stock strain bottle, placing the stock strain bottle at 17 ℃ after inoculation, culturing the stock strain bottle in dark light for 37 days, enabling hypha to grow on the bottom of the stock strain bottle, forming sclerotia sclerotium in 45 days, indicating that the stock strain is cultured and preparing a culture strain can be started;
(4) cultivating cultivars: inoculating the stock seeds cultured in the step (3) into a culture bottle, inoculating 20 bottles of each stock seed into the culture bottle, placing the culture bottle into a culture chamber, culturing in shade at 17 ℃, and growing hyphae for about 40 days to form sclerotia within 48 days, which indicates that the culture of the culture seeds is finished.
Example 2
1. A winter beech mushroom stock culture medium comprises the following components: 75% of wood chips, 22% of wheat grains, 2% of lime and 1% of compound fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the winter small-bag foot mushroom stock culture medium comprises the following steps: selecting wheat grains without mildew and germination, sieving, removing impurities, soaking the wheat grains in tap water for 20 hr, changing water for 2 times, boiling in boiling water for 10 min, taking out, and draining; adding thoroughly soaked sawdust, mixing sawdust and wheat grains, adding compound fertilizer, gypsum powder and quicklime powder, stirring thoroughly, adding culture medium with water content of 60%, preparing stock seeds with stock seed bottle of 350ml, and sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 2 hr.
3. The culture method of the winter beech mushroom comprises mother strain activation, stock strain preparation, inoculation culture and cultivated strain culture.
Further, the culture method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) activating the parent strain: preparing 30 plates of winter small foot mushroom strain activation culture medium, inoculating the test tube stock on a stock activation culture medium culture dish (to the central position of the plate) in an aseptic environment, and culturing and activating for 20 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 15 ℃ for later use;
further, the formula of the activation medium is as follows: 10.0g of cane sugar, 5.0g of glucose, 2.0g of wheat bran, 2.0g of beef extract and KH2PO4 1g，MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 20g of agar and 1000mL of distilled water, and the pH value is adjusted to 8.
(2) Preparing an original seed: preparing stock culture medium, preparing stock seeds by using a stock seed bottle, and sterilizing for 2 hours by high-pressure steam at 121 ℃;
(3) inoculating and culturing: using a puncher to make a circular sheet along the edge of the colony of the activated mother strain, inoculating 3 sheets of each stock strain, placing the bottle in the middle of a stock strain bottle, placing the bottle at 15 ℃ after inoculation, culturing in dark light for 40 days until hyphae grow to the bottom of the bottle, forming sclerotium in 50 days, indicating that the stock strain is cultured completely, and starting to prepare a culture strain;
(4) cultivating cultivars: inoculating the stock seeds cultured in the step (3) into a culture bottle, inoculating 15 bottles of the stock seeds into each culture bottle, placing the bottles into a culture room for 15 ℃ shading culture, wherein hyphae are overgrown in about 42 days, and sclerotium is formed in about 52 days, which indicates that the culture of the culture seeds is finished.
Example 3
1. A winter beech mushroom stock culture medium comprises the following components: 80% of wood chips, 16% of wheat grains, 2% of lime and 2% of compound fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the winter small-bag foot mushroom stock culture medium comprises the following steps: selecting wheat grains without mildew and germination, sieving, removing impurities, soaking wheat grains in tap water for 24 hr, changing water for 3 times, boiling in boiling water for 15 min, taking out, and draining; adding thoroughly soaked sawdust, mixing sawdust and wheat grains, adding compound fertilizer, gypsum powder and quicklime powder, stirring thoroughly, adding culture medium with water content of 60%, preparing stock seeds with stock seed bottle of 350ml, and sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 2 hr.
3. The culture method of the winter beech mushroom comprises mother strain activation, stock strain preparation, inoculation culture and cultivated strain culture.
Further, the culture method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) activating a mother seed: preparing 30 plates of winter small foot mushroom strain activation culture medium, inoculating the test tube stock on a stock activation culture medium culture dish (to the central position of the plate) in an aseptic environment, and culturing and activating for 20 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 15 ℃ for later use;
further, the formula of the activation medium is as follows: 10.0g of cane sugar, 5.0g of glucose, 2.0g of wheat bran, 2.0g of beef extract and KH2PO4 1g，MgSO4·7H20.5g of O, 20g of agar and 1000mL of distilled water, and the pH value is adjusted to 8.
(2) Preparing an original seed: preparing a stock culture medium, preparing stock seeds by using a stock seed bottle, and sterilizing for 2 hours by high-pressure steam at 121 ℃;
(3) inoculating and culturing: using a puncher to make a circular sheet along the edge of an activated mother strain colony, inoculating 5 sheets of each stock strain, placing the bottle in the middle of a stock strain bottle, placing the bottle at 18 ℃ after inoculation, culturing in dark light for 35d until hyphae grow to the bottom of the bottle, forming sclerotium in 41d, indicating that the stock strain is cultured completely, and starting to prepare a culture strain;
(4) cultivating cultivars: inoculating the stock seeds cultured in the step (3) into a culture bottle, inoculating 20 bottles of each stock seed into the culture bottle, placing the culture bottle into a culture chamber, culturing in a dark place at 18 ℃, growing hyphae for about 38 days, and forming sclerotium in 42 days, which indicates that the culture of the culture seeds is finished.
Firstly, the original strain of the winter small foot mushrooms cultured by the method in the embodiment 1 can meet the requirements on the appearance and the sense of the strain in the tables 6 and 7 by observing; the cultivars can meet the sensory requirements in table 8.
TABLE 6
TABLE 7 sensory requirements of original species of Endocarpium fargesii
TABLE 8 sensory requirements of cultivars of Endocarpium fargesii
Claims (7)
1. The original strain culture medium for the winter beech mushrooms is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 75-80% of wood chips, 15-20% of wheat grains, 2-4% of lime and 1-3% of compound fertilizer.
2. The culture medium of an original strain of a winter beech mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the original strain culture medium is as follows: 79% of wood chips, 17% of wheat grains, 3% of lime and 1% of compound fertilizer.
3. The stock culture medium of the winter beech mushrooms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stock culture medium is prepared by the method comprising: selecting non-mildewed and non-germinated wheat grains, sieving, removing impurities, soaking the wheat grains in tap water for 20-24 hours, changing water for 2-3 times, boiling for 10-15 minutes, taking out, and draining; adding the wood chips soaked in water, adding the compound fertilizer, the gypsum powder and the quicklime powder, fully and uniformly stirring, and adjusting the water content to enable the water content of the culture material to be 55-60%; preparing stock seeds by using a stock seed bottle of 350ml, and sterilizing for 2h by high-pressure steam at 121 ℃.
4. A culture method of winter beech mushroom comprises the following steps: mother strain activation, stock seed production, inoculation culture and cultivar culture, and is characterized in that a puncher is used for punching into 8mm round pieces along the edges of activated mother strain colony, 3-5 pieces of each stock seed are inoculated, the stock seeds are placed in a stock seed bottle, and the stock seeds are placed in a constant temperature incubator for dark culture after inoculation to obtain the stock seeds.
5. The method for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus, as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) activating the parent strain: preparing 30 plates of winter small foot mushroom strain activation culture medium, inoculating the test tube stock to the stock activation culture medium plate in an aseptic environment, and culturing and activating in a constant-temperature incubator at 15 ℃ for 20 days for later use;
(2) preparing an original seed: preparing a stock culture medium, preparing stock seeds by using a stock seed bottle, and sterilizing for 2 hours by high-pressure steam at 121 ℃;
(3) inoculating and culturing: punching into 8mm round pieces along the activated colony edge of the mother strain by using a puncher, inoculating 3-5 pieces of each stock strain, placing the stock strain in the middle of a stock strain bottle, and placing the stock strain in a constant-temperature incubator for dark culture after inoculation to obtain stock strains;
(4) cultivating cultivars: inoculating the stock seeds cultured in the step (3) into culture bottles, inoculating 15-20 bottles of the culture seeds into each bottle of the stock seeds, and placing the bottles into a culture room for shading culture.
6. The method for culturing P.yunnanensis as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inoculation culture is carried out at a temperature of: at 15-18 ℃, the culture conditions are as follows: culturing in dark light for a period of time: the hypha grows over the bottom of the bottle for 35-40 days, and sclerotium is formed for 40-50 days.
7. The method for culturing P.yunnanensis as claimed in claim 5, wherein said cultivar is cultured at a temperature of: 15-18 ℃, culture time: hyphae grow over in 38-42 days, and sclerotia are formed in 42-52 days.
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| WO2018120826A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | 深圳市泽青源科技开发服务有限公司 | Fungus-based biomass packaging material using wheat straw as main material and preparation method therefor |
| CN111226692A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-05 | 务川自治县安博农业科技发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of shredded chicken |
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