Multi-stage fire early warning system and method for energy storage battery cluster box
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-stage fire early warning system and method for an energy storage battery cluster box.
Background
In recent years, lithium ion battery energy storage systems are more and more important in locations of power systems all over the world, and are applied to various fields such as a user side, a power grid side, a power generation side, a new energy grid connection and a microgrid. Along with the large-scale application of battery energy storage power stations, the safety performance of an energy storage system draws wide attention, and the safety of the energy storage power stations can be seriously influenced because the lithium ion battery is possibly out of control due to self chemical reaction or external influence in the charging and discharging processes.
The fire of the lithium ion battery energy storage system can be divided into two types: one is an electrically-induced fire, such as a transformer fire, a cable fire, which can be effectively suppressed by conventional fire extinguishing systems and fire extinguishers; the other is a fire caused by a battery, and the fire has large and uncontrollable hazard and is easy to spread and reburn.
However, the current research mainly focuses on monitoring and processing of fire, omits the early warning judgment of the thermal runaway state of the battery, and can greatly improve the safety of the energy storage system if the battery thermal runaway state can be effectively early warned through the acquired data.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a multi-stage fire early warning system and a multi-stage fire early warning method for an energy storage battery cluster box, which can realize early warning of a container type energy storage battery system and early intervention in fire-fighting facilities.
The invention provides a multi-stage fire early warning system for an energy storage battery cluster box, wherein the battery cluster box comprises a plurality of battery clusters, and a baffle is arranged between every two battery clusters; the multi-stage fire early warning system includes: the system comprises a BMS unit, an acousto-optic early warning unit, a multi-parameter detection unit, a multi-stage fire early warning unit, a temperature control unit, a fire extinguishing unit and a combustible gas explosion-proof unit;
the BMS unit is used for acquiring the temperature and voltage data of the single batteries in each battery cluster in real time and uploading the data to the multi-stage fire early warning unit;
the acousto-optic early warning unit is used for carrying out acousto-optic early warning when the thermal runaway condition of the battery is detected;
the multi-parameter detection unit is used for monitoring VOC parameters, CO gas concentration, temperature and smoke concentration in the battery cluster box in real time and uploading monitoring information to the multi-stage fire early warning unit;
the multi-stage fire early warning unit is used for receiving the information sent by the BMS unit and the information sent by the multi-parameter detection unit, obtaining early warning information of different levels according to the received information and carrying out corresponding response control;
the temperature control unit is used for controlling the temperature and the humidity of the battery core and key components in the battery cluster box;
and the combustible gas explosion-proof unit is used for reducing the concentration of combustible steam and combustible gas in the battery cluster box.
Further, both sides of the baffle are filled with at least one of an insulating material, a fireproof material and a fire extinguishing material.
Further, the multi-stage fire early warning unit comprises a fire early warning information processor and a fire alarm controller;
the fire early warning information processor is used for comparing the received VOC parameters, CO gas concentration, temperature and smoke concentration in the battery cluster box with corresponding set thresholds and then obtaining early warning information of different levels according to the comparison result and the temperature rising rate of the single battery;
and the fire alarm controller is used for carrying out corresponding response control on the early warning information of different levels.
Furthermore, the multi-parameter detection unit comprises a VOC detector, a combustible gas detector, a temperature-sensitive detector and a smoke-sensitive detector.
Further, the temperature control unit is composed of an industrial air conditioner arranged outside the battery cluster box, a fan and an air duct arranged inside each battery cluster.
Further, the combustible gas explosion-proof unit adopts an explosion-proof electric fan.
Further, the fire extinguishing unit comprises a heptafluoropropane fire extinguisher and a water spray fire extinguisher.
The invention also provides a multi-stage fire early warning method for the energy storage battery cluster box, which comprises the following steps:
monitoring VOC parameters, CO gas concentration, temperature and smoke concentration in the battery cluster box in real time by using a multi-parameter detection unit;
when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the numerical value of any one of the VOC parameters, the temperature and the smoke concentration exceeds a set threshold value, triggering first-stage early warning and displaying warning information;
when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the VOC parameters and the CO gas concentration both exceed set thresholds, triggering second-stage early warning and displaying warning information; simultaneously triggering the PCS to stop, tripping off a box-level main circuit breaker and a cluster-level relay, and starting a combustible gas explosion-proof unit;
and when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the VOC parameters, the CO gas concentration and the temperature exceed the set threshold values, triggering three-stage early warning, positioning a fire point, and automatically starting the fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the fire of the fire point.
Further, still include:
acquiring temperature and voltage data of single batteries in each battery cluster in real time by using a BMS unit;
and when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the thermal runaway condition of the battery exists according to the temperature rising rate of the single battery, the acousto-optic early warning unit is triggered to carry out acousto-optic early warning.
Further, if the multi-stage fire early warning unit does not receive the information uploaded by the BMS unit and/or the multi-parameter detection unit within a preset time period, or if the multi-stage fire early warning unit does not receive the response information of at least one of the sound and light early warning unit, the temperature control unit and the combustible gas explosion-proof unit within a preset time period, equipment failure alarm is triggered.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the thermal runaway mechanism of the battery, and based on the multi-stage fire early warning system and the grading early warning strategy of the temperature rise rate of the single battery, VOC, combustible gas, temperature, smoke and the like, realizes the early grading early warning of the thermal runaway of the battery cluster box, and carries out the fire extinguishing intervention control at the first time when the fire occurs in the battery cluster.
In addition, on the basis of the traditional heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, water is added for spraying fire extinguishing to supplement the heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, so that the fire can be thoroughly extinguished.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage fire warning system for an energy storage battery cluster box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a multi-stage fire early warning method for an energy storage battery cluster box according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage fire early warning system for an energy storage battery cluster box, where the battery cluster box includes a plurality of battery clusters, a baffle is disposed between every two battery clusters, and two sides of the baffle are filled with at least one of an insulating material, a fire-proof material, and a fire extinguishing material, and the multi-stage fire early warning system includes: the system comprises a BMS unit, an acousto-optic early warning unit, a multi-parameter detection unit, a multi-stage fire early warning unit, a temperature control unit and a combustible gas explosion-proof unit;
the BMS unit is used for acquiring the temperature and voltage data of the single batteries in each battery cluster in real time and uploading the data to the multi-stage fire early warning unit. And the acousto-optic early warning unit is used for carrying out acousto-optic early warning when the thermal runaway condition of the battery is detected. The multi-parameter detection unit is used for monitoring VOC parameters, CO gas concentration, temperature and smoke concentration in the battery cluster box in real time and uploading monitoring information to the multi-stage fire early warning unit. And the multi-stage fire early warning unit is used for receiving the information sent by the BMS unit and the information sent by the multi-parameter detection unit, obtaining early warning information of different levels according to the received information and carrying out corresponding response control. The temperature control unit is used for controlling the temperature and the humidity of the battery core and key components in the battery cluster box. The combustible gas explosion-proof unit is used for reducing the concentration of combustible steam and combustible gas in the battery cluster box.
It is understood that the battery cluster is a battery module formed by connecting a plurality of unit batteries in series and parallel. Through set up the baffle between two battery clusters, can be so that do not have direct contact between each battery cluster, it has insulating material, fire-proof material or fire extinguishing material then can restrict the excessive fire scope of battery naked light better to fill in baffle both sides.
As an embodiment, the multi-stage fire early warning unit includes a fire early warning information processor and a fire alarm controller; and the fire early warning information processor is used for comparing the received VOC parameters, CO gas concentration, temperature and smoke concentration in the battery cluster box with corresponding set thresholds and then obtaining early warning information of different levels according to the comparison result and the temperature rising rate of the single battery. And the fire alarm controller is used for performing corresponding response control on the early warning information of different levels and respectively performing different fire treatments.
The multi-stage fire early warning system for the energy storage battery cluster box provided by the embodiment of the invention combines a battery thermal runaway mechanism, can perform multi-stage fire early warning response based on parameters such as temperature rising rate of a single battery, VOC (volatile organic compound) parameters, combustible gas concentration, temperature and smoke concentration, realizes early stage early warning of thermal runaway of the battery cluster box, performs fire extinguishing intervention control at the first time when a fire occurs in the battery cluster, and effectively avoids thermal spread.
As an implementation mode, the multi-parameter detection unit includes a VOC detector, a combustible gas detector, a temperature-sensitive detector and a smoke-sensitive detector. The temperature control unit is composed of an industrial air conditioner arranged outside the battery cluster box, a fan and an air duct arranged inside each battery cluster. The combustible gas explosion-proof unit adopts an explosion-proof electric fan, and eliminates the root of explosion by reducing the concentration of combustible steam and combustible gas in the battery cluster box. The fire extinguishing unit comprises a heptafluoropropane fire extinguisher and a water spray fire extinguisher.
In the embodiment of the invention, the effective temperature and humidity of the battery core and key components in the battery cluster box are controlled by utilizing the air conditioner and reasonable air duct design and the fan and air duct optimization design in each battery cluster, so that the battery cluster box is ensured to operate in a proper temperature range. On the basis of the traditional heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing, water spraying fire extinguishing is added to be used as supplement of a heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, and fire can be thoroughly extinguished.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage fire early warning method for an energy storage battery cluster box, including the following steps:
s1: monitoring VOC parameters, CO gas concentration, temperature and smoke concentration in the battery cluster box in real time by using a multi-parameter detection unit;
s2: when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the numerical value of any one of the VOC parameters, the temperature and the smoke concentration exceeds a set threshold value, triggering first-stage early warning and displaying warning information;
s3: when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the VOC parameters and the CO gas concentration both exceed set thresholds, triggering second-stage early warning and displaying warning information; simultaneously triggering the PCS to stop, tripping off a box-level main circuit breaker and a cluster-level relay, and starting a combustible gas explosion-proof unit;
s4: and when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the VOC parameters, the CO gas concentration and the temperature exceed the set threshold values, triggering three-stage early warning, positioning a fire point, and automatically starting the fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the fire of the fire point.
According to the multi-stage fire early warning method for the energy storage battery cluster box, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the battery thermal runaway and the fire condition are jointly judged based on the threshold value set by the multi-parameter detection unit and the temperature rise rate of the battery monomer, so that the false alarm and the false alarm omission of the system are avoided. The multi-stage fire early warning unit controls the sound-light alarm unit, the combustible gas explosion-proof unit, the fire extinguishing unit and the like to execute different linkage control strategies according to the judged information, so that early warning and fire fighting access are realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes:
s5: acquiring temperature and voltage data of single batteries in each battery cluster in real time by using a BMS unit;
s6: and when the multi-stage fire early warning unit judges that the thermal runaway condition of the battery exists according to the temperature rising rate of the single battery, the acousto-optic early warning unit is triggered to carry out acousto-optic early warning.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes:
s7: and if the multi-stage fire early warning unit does not receive the information uploaded by the BMS unit and/or the multi-parameter detection unit within a preset time period, or if the multi-stage fire early warning unit does not receive the response information of at least one of the sound and light early warning unit, the temperature control unit and the combustible gas explosion-proof unit within a preset time period, triggering equipment fault alarm.
It is understood that the order of steps may be modified or arranged in a side-by-side relationship without causing any conflict.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.