CN114702232B - Sheet glass and molding method and molding device thereof - Google Patents
Sheet glass and molding method and molding device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114702232B CN114702232B CN202210407560.3A CN202210407560A CN114702232B CN 114702232 B CN114702232 B CN 114702232B CN 202210407560 A CN202210407560 A CN 202210407560A CN 114702232 B CN114702232 B CN 114702232B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B18/00—Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid
- C03B18/02—Forming sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B18/00—Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid
- C03B18/02—Forming sheets
- C03B18/16—Construction of the float tank; Use of material for the float tank; Coating or protection of the tank wall
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
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Abstract
The application relates to a sheet glass and a forming method and a forming device thereof. The forming method uses tin liquid as a bearing platform and comprises the following steps: melting and homogenizing the raw materials for forming glass to obtain glass liquid; 99% by volume of N 2 And 1% H 2 As a protective atmosphere; draining the glass liquid into an annular mold to enable the glass liquid to flow in a self-leveling way; cooling in situ to solidify self-leveling glass liquid to obtain a plate glass semi-finished product; and (5) annealing the plate glass semi-finished product to obtain the plate glass. The technical problem to be solved is how to provide a material with an equal thickness difference of-0.6 mm to 0.6mm, a streak degree of A, stress birefringence of less than or equal to 6nm/cm and optical uniformity of less than or equal to 1.5X10 ‑5 The thickness of the plate glass can reach more than 25mm, so that the application requirements of special equipment such as airplanes, ships, special vehicles and the like on the plate glass with high quality and large thickness are met, and the plate glass is more suitable for practical use.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of glass preparation, in particular to plate glass and a forming method and a forming device thereof.
Background
The technology for preparing glass by the float method provides conditions for high-quality forming of glass, the size of the flat glass formed by the method is large, the internal quality is good, the upper surface and the lower surface are free surfaces, and the obtained glass has smooth and flat surfaces and does not need subsequent polishing processing. However, the prior art float glass technology suffers from three drawbacks: one is that the thickness of the plate glass formed by the technology of preparing glass by the float method is limited, for example, the thickness of the float high-alumina glass and the float lithium aluminum silicon glass substrate can be only less than or equal to 2mm, and the thickness of the float traditional sodium calcium silicon glass substrate can be only less than or equal to 25mm. Secondly, the technology of float glass production is generally continuous production, equipment is operated for 24 hours, the formula of the glass is changed, the thickness of the glass is difficult to change, and the market demand of small batches of flat glass with special size cannot be met. Thirdly, glass belts formed by molten glass in the float glass production technology on molten tin generally need a plurality of edge rollers for drawing and forming, so that the thickness of the central part of the glass belt is greatly different from the thickness of the edge part of the glass belt, and even if the thickness of the central part of the glass belt is greatly uniform, the thickness of the central part of the glass belt is greatly deviated.
At present, special equipment such as airplanes, ships, special vehicles and the like has certain application requirements on high-quality and large-thickness flat glass, but for the reasons, the flat glass with double free surfaces (good appearance quality), large thickness (more than or equal to 25 mm) and small equal thickness deviation is difficult to realize by the float technology in the prior art.
In the prior art, the processing technology of the large-thickness flat glass mainly adopts the traditional method of casting molding and optical processing, and the technology can cause a plurality of glass molding defects such as bubbles, stripes and the like, and the processing period is long and is limited by a processing device, so that the large-thickness glass with the thickness of 2000mm multiplied by 1000mm cannot be processed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a sheet glass, a forming method and a forming device thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of providing a sheet glass with an equal thickness difference of-0.6 mm to 0.6mm, a streak degree of A, stress birefringence of less than or equal to 6nm/cm and optical uniformity of less than or equal to 1.5X10 -5 The thickness of the plate glass can reach more than 25mm, so that the application requirements of special equipment such as airplanes, ships, special vehicles and the like on the plate glass with high quality and large thickness are met, and the plate glass is more suitable for practical use.
The aim and the technical problems of the application are realized by adopting the following technical proposal. According to the method for forming the plate glass, provided by the application, the tin liquid is used as a bearing platform, and the method comprises the following steps of:
1) Melting and homogenizing the raw materials for forming glass to obtain glass liquid;
2) 99% by volume of N 2 And 1% H 2 As a protective atmosphere; draining glass liquid into an annular mold arranged on the liquid level of the molten tin to enable the molten glass to flow out of the annular mold;
3) Cooling in situ to solidify self-leveling glass liquid to obtain a plate glass semi-finished product;
4) And (5) annealing the plate glass semi-finished product to obtain the plate glass.
The aim and the technical problems of the application can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
Preferably, in the foregoing molding method, a cross section of the annular mold is rectangular; the inner surface of one side surface of the annular die is of a slope plane structure; the molten glass is guided into the annular mold through the side surfaces.
Preferably, in the foregoing molding method, an included angle formed by the side surface and a horizontal plane surrounded by the annular mold is 105 ° to 130 °.
Preferably, in the molding method, the pressure of the protective atmosphere is greater than atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference is less than or equal to 0.1Pa.
Preferably, the aforementioned molding method, wherein the molten glass flows onto the side surface via a tip; the discharge spout is arranged above the side face in a relatively movable manner; the lower port of the discharge spout is of a flat port structure, and the length of the lower port is 0.9-1 time of the width of the side face; the end face of the lower port is parallel to the side face, and the vertical distance between the end face of the lower port and the side face is 10-15 mm.
The aim of the application and the technical problems are also achieved by adopting the following technical proposal. According to the present application, there is provided a device for forming a sheet glass, comprising:
a tin bath furnace comprising an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve; the device also comprises a graphite electrode, a silicon molybdenum rod and a thermocouple; the graphite electrode is arranged in the tin bath furnace and connected to the bottom of the tin bath furnace; the silicon molybdenum rod is arranged in the tin bath furnace and connected to the top of the tin bath furnace; the thermocouple is arranged in the tin bath furnace;
an annular mold comprising a bevel baffle and a peripheral baffle; the inclined baffle plate and the peripheral baffle plate are connected with each other to form an annular structure; the annular die is arranged in the tin bath furnace through a supporting frame;
the material leakage mechanism comprises a discharge spout; the discharge spout is arranged above the inclined baffle in a relatively movable manner;
the motion mechanism comprises a vertical lifting mechanism; the vertical lifting mechanism can control the up-and-down motion of the tin bath furnace to adjust the distance between the discharge spout and the inclined baffle.
The aim and the technical problems of the application can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
Preferably, the foregoing molding apparatus, wherein the molten tin can be contained in the molten tin bath furnace and heated; the annular die is arranged above the molten tin and is in contact with the molten tin.
Preferably, the forming device further comprises a Pt-4Rh alloy material leakage pipe, an electrode, a fan and a first laser range finder; the material leakage pipe is arranged above the inclined baffle plate; the bottom of the leakage pipe is provided with a leakage nozzle; the discharge spout is arranged above the inclined baffle in a relatively movable manner; the lower port of the discharge spout is of a flat port structure, and the length of the lower port is 0.9-1 time of the width of the inclined baffle; the end face of the lower port is parallel to the inclined baffle; the electrode is arranged on the outer side of the leakage pipe and used for heating the leakage pipe; the fan is arranged on the outer side of the material leakage pipe and used for cooling the material leakage pipe; the first laser range finder is arranged on the outer side of the material leakage pipe and is matched with the vertical lifting mechanism to adjust the distance between the leakage nozzle and the inclined baffle.
Preferably, in the molding device, the annular mold is made of tungsten alloy.
Preferably, in the foregoing molding device, an included angle formed by the inclined baffle and a horizontal plane surrounded by the annular mold is 105 ° to 130 °.
Preferably, in the foregoing molding device, the inclined baffle and the peripheral baffle are hollow structures for circulating water cooling.
Preferably, the molding device further comprises a plurality of second laser rangefinders with the precision of +/-0.05 mm; the second laser range finders are respectively arranged at the top of the tin bath furnace and used for measuring the thickness of the plate glass.
Preferably, the aforementioned molding device, wherein the movement mechanism further comprises a rail car; the tin bath furnace is arranged on the rail guide car.
Preferably, the molding device further comprises a control mechanism; the control mechanism is electrically connected with the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism, receives data information of the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism, and can control the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism to execute a preset process.
The aim of the application and the technical problems are also achieved by adopting the following technical proposal. The plate glass has the equal thickness difference of-0.6 mm, the streak degree of A, the stress birefringence of less than or equal to 6nm/cm and the optical uniformity of less than or equal to 1.5X10 -5 。
The aim and the technical problems of the application can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
Preferably, the flat glass is produced by the molding method.
By means of the technical scheme, the flat glass, the forming method and the forming device thereof provided by the application have at least the following advantages:
according to the flat glass, the tin liquid is used as a bearing platform of the flat glass, the molten glass is led to the inclined baffle plate of the annular die, the molten glass is led into the annular die through the inclined baffle plate, and after the injection amount of the molten glass reaches a preset amount, the molten glass is self-leveling in situ, so that a semi-finished product of the flat glass is obtained; the bottom surface of the semi-finished flat glass is directly contacted with tin liquor and is a free surface; the top surface of the glass is a self-leveling surface and is also a free surface, namely the semi-finished product flat glass has a double free surface, has excellent apparent quality and does not need subsequent optical processing; furthermore, the glass liquid flows onto the inclined baffle through the discharge spout, the structure of the discharge spout is a flat-mouth structure, and the width of the discharge spout is almost equal to that of the inclined baffle, so that the flowing state of the glass liquid flowing from the discharge spout to the inclined baffle is almost the same, and the glass liquid can be smoothly guided into the annular mold by the inclined baffle without impact, thereby further ensuring the apparent quality of the plate glass; furthermore, the forming method is characterized in that after the glass liquid is injected into the annular mold, the glass liquid is self-leveling under the action of gravity and then is cooled and solidified in situ, so that the formed flat glass has a wide thickness range, and the forming method is particularly suitable for forming the flat glass with larger thickness which cannot be realized by the existing float technology; moreover, the sheet glass produced by the molding method has high quality, and even if the thickness of the sheet glass is greater than 25mm, the sheet glass can still meet the following quality standards: the equal thickness difference is-0.6 mm, the fringe degree is A, the stress birefringence is less than or equal to 6nm/cm, and the optical uniformity is less than or equal to 1.5X10 -5 . The glass has excellent effect on high-quality and large-thickness flat glass when applied to special equipment such as airplanes, ships, special vehicles and the like.
Furthermore, the forming method belongs to intermittent production, and is particularly suitable for forming glass with small batch, multiple dimensions and large thickness, and particularly suitable for forming plate glass with the thickness of more than or equal to 10 mm.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present application, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a sheet glass forming apparatus according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the longitudinal section structure of the leakage pipe and the inclined baffle along the length direction of the leakage nozzle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the longitudinal cross-section structure of the leakage pipe and the inclined baffle along the width direction of the leakage nozzle.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the application to achieve the preset aim, the following detailed description refers to specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects of a flat glass, a forming method and a forming device thereof according to the application, which are provided by the application, with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
The application provides a forming method of plate glass, which uses tin liquor as a bearing platform, wherein the tin liquor is arranged in a tin bath furnace and comprises the following steps:
1) Introducing 99% N into the tin bath furnace 2 And 1% H 2 As a protective atmosphere; an annular mold is arranged on the molten tin; heating the molten tin and the die to a preset temperature; melting and homogenizing the raw materials for forming glass to obtain glass liquid;
2) Draining the glass liquid into an annular mold to enable the glass liquid to flow in a self-leveling way;
3) Cooling in situ to solidify self-leveling glass liquid to obtain a plate glass semi-finished product;
4) And (5) annealing the plate glass semi-finished product to obtain the plate glass.
According to the technical scheme, the molten tin is used as a bearing platform of the sheet glass, molten glass is led to the inclined baffle plate of the annular die, the molten glass is led into the annular die through the inclined baffle plate, and after the injection amount of the molten glass reaches a preset amount, the molten glass is self-leveling in situ, so that a sheet glass semi-finished product is obtained; the bottom surface of the semi-finished flat glass is directly contacted with tin liquor and is a free surface; the top surface of the glass is a self-leveling surface and is also a free surface, namely the semi-finished product flat glass has a double free surface, has excellent apparent quality and does not need subsequent optical processing; furthermore, the forming method is characterized in that after the glass liquid is injected into the annular mold, the glass liquid is self-leveling under the action of gravity and then is cooled and solidified in situ, so that the formed flat glass has a wide thickness range, and the forming method is particularly suitable for forming the flat glass with larger thickness which cannot be realized by the existing float technology.
Preferably, the plate glass is rectangular plate glass with large size, and the cross section of the annular die is rectangular; the inner surface of one side surface of the annular die is of a slope plane structure; the molten glass is guided into the annular mold through the side surfaces. The purpose of this arrangement is to control the flow of glass liquid throughout the sheet glass in nearly the same state, thereby improving the surface quality and optical properties of the sheet glass.
Preferably, the included angle formed by the side surface and the horizontal plane surrounded by the annular die is 105-130 degrees. The purpose of the arrangement is to comprehensively achieve the optimal effect of the flow velocity and the flow uniformity of the glass liquid, so that the optical uniformity of the formed flat glass is optimal; when the included angle formed by the side surface and the horizontal surface surrounded by the annular die is smaller than 105 degrees, the planar slope structure is steeper, the flow speed of glass liquid flowing down from the slope is overlarge, and fluctuation of the liquid level of the tin liquid is easy to cause, so that the flatness of the lower surface of the plate glass is influenced; when the clamp formed by the side surface and the horizontal surface surrounded by the annular die is larger than 130 degrees, the planar slope structure is slower, the flow speed of glass liquid flowing down from the slope is too small, and the temperature and viscosity of the glass liquid are possibly uneven, so that the flow uniformity of the glass liquid is influenced, and the flatness and the optical uniformity of the formed flat glass are finally influenced.
Preferably, the pressure of the protective atmosphere is greater than atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference between the protective atmosphere and the atmospheric pressure is less than or equal to 0.1Pa. The purpose of this arrangement is achieved on the one hand by introducing 99% by volume of N into the tin bath furnace 2 And 1% H 2 The gas in the tin bath furnace is controlled to be micro positive pressure (less than or equal to 0.1 Pa) through the combination of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve so as to better inhibit the high-temperature volatilization of the tin bath.
Preferably, the molten glass flows onto the side surface via a tip; the discharge spout is arranged above the side face in a relatively movable manner; the lower port of the discharge spout is of a flat port structure, and the length of the lower port is 0.9-1 time of the width of the side face; the purpose of the arrangement is to make the glass liquid flowing out of the leakage spout move as horizontally as possible so as to reduce the impact of the glass liquid on the liquid level of the tin liquid and improve the quality of the glass liquid; the end face of the lower port is parallel to the side face, and the vertical distance between the end face of the lower port and the side face is 10-15 mm. The purpose of this arrangement is to control the drop of the glass liquid reasonably so as to avoid the flow of the glass liquid being not smooth due to the too small vertical distance, and at the same time, to avoid the poor quality of the formed plate glass due to the too large vertical distance, such as the increase of the equal thickness difference, the poor fringe degree, the increase of the stress birefringence value and the serious decrease of the optical uniformity of the plate glass. For comparison, in the following examples, the length of the discharge spout is 0.95 times the width of the inclined baffle.
Preferably, the in-situ cooling comprises stopping heating of the tin bath furnace and cooling by introducing cooling circulating water into the hollow structure of the annular mold.
The application also provides a device for forming the plate glass, as shown in figure 1, and in one embodiment of the application, the device comprises a tin bath furnace 1; tin liquor 11 can be contained in the tin bath furnace; because the tin liquid has strong oxidizing capability, the tin liquid is extremely easy to react with oxygen in the air, and the tin liquid needs to be subjected to atmosphere protection; the tin bath furnace comprises an air inlet valve 21 and an air outlet valve 22, wherein the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve form an atmosphere protection mechanism; the gas of the protective atmosphere enters the tin bath furnace from the air inlet valve and then is discharged from the tin bath furnace from the air outlet valve, so that the atmosphere protection in the tin bath furnace is realized; the gas pressure in the tin bath furnace is controlled through the gas inlet valve and the gas outlet valve in a combined mode, so that the pressure in the tin bath furnace is ensured to be micro-positive pressure (less than or equal to 0.1 Pa), and high-temperature volatilization of tin liquid is better inhibited.
In one embodiment of the application, the protective atmosphere is 99% N by volume 2 And 1% H 2 So that it is relatively economical.
In one embodiment of the application, the tin bath furnace further comprises a graphite electrode 12, a silicon molybdenum rod 13 and a thermocouple 14; the graphite electrode is arranged in the tin bath furnace and connected to the bottom of the tin bath furnace; the tin bath furnace is filled with tin liquid; the graphite electrode is positioned in the molten tin and is used for heating the molten tin. The silicon molybdenum rod is arranged in the tin bath furnace and connected to the top of the tin bath furnace, and is used for heating the forming space in the tin bath furnace. The thermocouple is arranged in the tin bath furnace and is positioned in the tin liquid and used for detecting the temperature of the tin liquid in real time. In the forming gap of the plate glass, the inside of the tin bath furnace is in a low-temperature heat preservation state, and the temperature is controlled to be about 850 ℃.
In one embodiment of the application, the molten tin can be contained in the tin bath furnace and heated; the molten tin has high specific gravity and is used for forming a bearing platform of the plate glass; so that the glass liquid drained by the inclined baffle plate can be completely positioned in the annular die; the molten tin does not react with the molten glass, so that the lower surface, namely the bottom surface, of the plate glass is ensured to be in a free surface state, and subsequent reprocessing is not required.
In one embodiment of the present application, the molding apparatus further comprises an annular mold including a bevel baffle 31 and a peripheral baffle 32; the inclined baffle plate and the peripheral baffle plate are connected with each other to form an annular structure; the annular die is arranged in the tin bath furnace through a supporting frame 33; the annular die is arranged above the molten tin and is in contact with the molten tin.
In one embodiment of the application, the inclined baffle includes a glass forming zone 311 and a waste glass recovery zone 312; the glass forming area is of a linear plane slope structure and is arranged at one side facing the peripheral baffle; the purpose of setting this plane slope structure is that: on the one hand, when the material leakage is formed, glass liquid can flow into the annular mold along the planar slope structure, so that the glass liquid can be decelerated through the planar slope structure when flowing out of the leakage nozzle, and the direct impact of the glass liquid and tin liquid is reduced, thereby avoiding the fluctuation of the liquid level of the tin liquid; on the other hand, the side of the inclined baffle plate, which is away from the annular die, is a waste glass area; the purpose of setting up this useless glass district is in order to make things convenient for leaking the useless glass liquid of material shaping initial stage, the stable glass liquid of middle quality and the spill switching of later stage surplus glass liquid, improves switching efficiency, avoids influencing the quality of glass shaping because of switching process operation is improper.
In one embodiment of the present application, the peripheral baffle is a movable baffle, and the size of the annular mold can be adjusted according to the size of the sheet glass to be formed.
In one embodiment of the present application, the inclined baffle and the peripheral baffle are hollow structures 313, in which circulating water is installed to facilitate cooling of the plate glass.
In one embodiment of the present application, the annular mold is made of tungsten alloy. The reason that the inclined baffle adopts tungsten alloy material is that tungsten alloy's heat conduction is fast, and tungsten alloy can stand the long-term erosion of high temperature of tin liquid to when making the glass liquid that flows out by the discharge spout flow through the inclined baffle, can not produce shaping defects such as secondary bubble and stripe because of the inhomogeneous temperature of inclined baffle.
In a specific embodiment of the application, the slope angle of the planar slope structure of the inclined baffle plate is 50-75 degrees, namely, the included angle formed by the planar slope structure of the inclined baffle plate and the horizontal plane surrounded by the annular die is 105-130 degrees; the slope angle in the angle range is set to comprehensively achieve the optimal effect of the flow speed and the flow uniformity of the molten glass, so that the optical uniformity of the formed flat glass is optimal; when the slope angle of the slope is larger than 75 degrees, the planar slope structure is steeper, and the flow speed of molten glass flowing down from the slope is overlarge, so that fluctuation of the molten tin level is easy to cause, and the flatness of the lower surface of the plate glass is affected; when the slope angle of the slope is smaller than 50 degrees, the planar slope structure is slower, the flow speed of the glass liquid flowing down from the slope is too small, and the temperature and viscosity of the glass liquid are possibly uneven, so that the flow uniformity of the glass liquid is affected, and the flatness and the optical uniformity of the formed plate glass are finally affected.
In one embodiment of the present application, the forming device further comprises a material leakage mechanism, wherein the material leakage mechanism is arranged inside the tin bath furnace and is used for providing high-quality molten glass for the annular mold; the material leakage mechanism comprises a leakage nozzle; the discharge spout is arranged above the inclined baffle in a relatively movable manner.
In one embodiment of the present application, the material leakage mechanism further comprises a Pt-4Rh alloy material leakage pipe 41, an electrode 42, a fan 43 and a first laser range finder 44; one end of the leakage pipe is connected with the crucible and used for providing molten glass; the material leakage pipe is arranged above the inclined baffle plate; the bottom of the leakage pipe is provided with a leakage nozzle 411; the discharge spout is arranged above the inclined baffle in a relatively movable manner; the discharge spout can move relative to the inclined baffle in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; the lower port of the discharge spout 411 is in a flat port structure, the width of the flat port structure is narrower, and the length direction of the flat port structure is parallel to the surface of the inclined baffle plate and is arranged in a horizontal plane; the length of the flat port structure is 0.9-1 times of the width of the inclined baffle plate; the end surface of the lower port is parallel to the inclined baffle plate, as shown in fig. 2 and 3; the first laser range finder is arranged at the outer side of the leakage pipe and is used for measuring the distance between the bottom of the leakage nozzle and the inclined baffle, and the first laser range finder is matched with the vertical lifting mechanism to adjust the distance between the leakage nozzle and the inclined baffle, namely the leakage drop of molten glass; the electrode adopts Pt-4Rh alloy, the highest temperature of the electrode can reach 1450 ℃, and the electrode is arranged on the outer side of the leakage pipe and used for heating the leakage pipe; preferably, the material leakage pipe is arranged at the outer side of the discharge spout and is used for heating the discharge spout before forming so as to keep molten glass in the material leakage pipe, thereby realizing forming operation; the fan is arranged on the outer side of the material leakage pipe and used for rapidly cooling the material leakage pipe after molding is finished, solidifying glass liquid in the pipe and stopping the glass liquid in the pipe from continuously flowing out.
In one embodiment of the application, the forming device further comprises a plurality of second laser rangefinders 5 with an accuracy of + -0.05 mm; the second laser range finders are respectively arranged at the top of the tin bath furnace and are used for measuring the thickness and thickness deviation of the plate glass in real time.
In a specific embodiment of the application, the second laser range finders adopt three groups of laser range finders which are respectively distributed at the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the flat glass to detect the thickness of the flat glass in real time, and feed back the measurement result to the control computer, so as to start the cooling fan of the glass leakage pipe to stop feeding.
In one embodiment of the present application, the molding device further comprises a movement mechanism; the motion mechanism comprises a vertical lifting mechanism; the vertical lifting mechanism can control the up-and-down motion of the molten tin bath furnace to automatically adjust the distance between the discharge spout and the inclined baffle, namely the discharge fall of molten glass.
The form of the vertical lift mechanism is not particularly limited. In one embodiment of the application, the vertical lift mechanism comprises a first member 61 fixedly connected to both sides of the tin bath furnace for adjusting the position of the tin bath furnace; the vertical lift mechanism further includes a second member 62, the first member being coupled to the second member and being relatively movable in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction along the second member.
In one embodiment of the present application, the movement mechanism further comprises a rail car 63; the tin bath furnace is arranged on the rail guide car. The guide rail car can perform linear motion on the ground through the guide rail, and is mainly used for replacing a glass forming area. The guide rail car can realize autonomous movement through a control computer; the second laser range finder measures the thickness and thickness deviation of the plate glass in real time, feeds back the result to the control computer, starts the cooling fan of the glass leakage pipe according to the instruction, stops feeding, and enables the guide rail vehicle to move so that redundant glass liquid flows into the waste glass recovery area.
In one embodiment of the application, the molding apparatus further comprises a control mechanism; the control mechanism is electrically connected with the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism, receives data information of the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism, and can control the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism to execute a preset process.
The application also provides a sheet glass prepared by the molding method, wherein the thickness difference is-0.6 mm to 0.6mm, the fringe degree is A, the stress birefringence is less than or equal to 6nm/cm, and the optical uniformity is less than or equal to 1.5X10 -5 。
The application will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, but rather as falling within the scope of the application, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application will now occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Unless otherwise indicated, materials, reagents, and the like referred to below are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise indicated, the methods are all methods well known in the art. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1
The forming device of the flat glass is adopted to form the lithium aluminum silicon glass, wherein an included angle formed by the plane slope structure of the inclined baffle plate in the forming device and the horizontal plane surrounded by the annular die is 120 degrees, and the lithium aluminum silicon glass is composed of the following glass components in percentage by weight: 60% SiO 2 、20％Al 2 O 3 、7.8％Na 2 O、4.2％Li 2 O、2.6％ZrO 2 、2.5％MgO、1.2％B 2 O 3 、0.8％CaO、0.5％K 2 O and 0.4% Sb 2 O 3 The molding method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Before the raw material components of the lithium aluminum silicon glass are melted into glass liquid and homogenized completely, a temperature controller of a forming device is started 4 hours in advance, and a tin bath furnace in a heat preservation state (850 ℃) is started to heat, so that the temperature of the tin bath furnace is controlled to be 1000 ℃, and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃. Before forming for 5min, the position of the annular die is adjusted by manually adjusting the movement mechanism, so that the lower port of the discharge spout of the discharge tube is positioned in the waste glass recovery area; heating the leakage pipe by adopting a Pt-4Rh alloy electrode, so that glass liquid leaks from the leakage pipe and flows into a waste glass recovery area;
(2) After the quality of the glass liquid leaked from the material leakage pipe is stable, the moving mechanism is manually and slowly and stably adjusted, so that the lower port of the leakage nozzle of the material leakage pipe is positioned above the plane slope structure of the inclined baffle plate, the leaked glass liquid flows into the annular die along the inclined baffle plate, and then the first laser range finder is started to automatically control the position of the annular die, so that the glass liquid level is 10mm;
(3) The thickness of the plate glass is monitored in real time through a second laser range finder, after the plate glass is cast into glass with the size of (1000 multiplied by 800 multiplied by 30) mm, the second laser range finder is closed, and the three-dimensional movement platform is manually adjusted to adjust the position of the annular die, so that the lower port of the material leakage pipe is positioned in a waste glass recovery area, and the residual glass liquid flows into the waste glass recovery area;
(4) Cooling water is led to the inclined baffle plate and the peripheral baffle plate, and a tin liquid heating power supply is turned off, so that the plate glass semi-finished product is cooled; and after the plate glass semi-finished product is solidified, opening the furnace door to quickly remove the plate glass semi-finished product, and annealing.
Placing the sheet glass semi-finished product formed by the embodiment into an annealing furnace at 540 ℃ for annealing treatment, and observing the apparent mass of the glass; measuring the equal thickness of the plate glass by using a measuring tool with the precision of 0.01 mm; detecting the streak degree according to the GB/T7962.7-2010 standard; stress birefringence was measured according to GB/T7962.5-2010 standard; optical uniformity was measured according to GB/T7962.3-2010 standard, and specific measurement data are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The embodiment adopts the device for forming the flat glass to form the high-alumina glass, wherein the plane slope structure of the inclined baffle plate in the forming device and the deviceThe included angle formed by the horizontal plane surrounded by the annular die is 105 degrees, and the high-alumina glass consists of the following glass components in percentage by weight: 61% SiO 2 、15％Al 2 O 3 、12％Na 2 O、6％MgO、4％K 2 O、1％ZrO 2 0.5% CaO and 0.5% Sb 2 O 3 The molding method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Before the raw material components of the high-alumina glass are melted into molten glass and homogenized completely, a temperature controller of a forming device is started in advance for 6 hours, and a heat-preserving (850 ℃) tin bath furnace is started to heat, wherein the temperature of the tin bath furnace is controlled at 1100 ℃, and the temperature control precision is +/-2 ℃. Before forming for 5min, the position of the annular die is adjusted by manually adjusting the movement mechanism, so that the lower port of the discharge spout of the discharge tube is positioned in the waste glass recovery area; heating the leakage pipe by adopting a Pt-4Rh alloy electrode, so that glass liquid leaks from the leakage pipe and flows into a waste glass recovery area;
(2) After the quality of the glass liquid leaked from the material leakage pipe is stable, the moving mechanism is manually and slowly and stably adjusted, so that the lower port of the leakage nozzle of the material leakage pipe is positioned above the plane slope structure of the inclined baffle plate, the leaked glass liquid flows into the annular die along the inclined baffle plate, and then the first laser range finder is started to automatically control the position of the annular die, so that the glass liquid level is 15mm;
(3) The thickness of the plate glass is monitored in real time through a second laser range finder, after the plate glass is cast into glass with the size of (1500 multiplied by 1200 multiplied by 40), the second laser range finder is closed, and the three-dimensional movement platform is manually adjusted to adjust the position of the annular die, so that the lower port of the material leakage pipe is positioned in a waste glass recovery area, and the residual glass liquid flows into the waste glass recovery area;
(4) Cooling water is led to the inclined baffle plate and the peripheral baffle plate, and a tin liquid heating power supply is turned off, so that the plate glass semi-finished product is cooled; and after the plate glass semi-finished product is solidified, opening the furnace door to quickly remove the plate glass semi-finished product, and annealing.
Placing the sheet glass semi-finished product formed by the embodiment into an annealing furnace at 640 ℃ for annealing treatment, and observing the apparent mass of the glass; measuring glass substrate by measuring tool with precision of 0.01mmEqual thickness; detecting the streak degree according to the GB/T7962.7-2010 standard; stress birefringence was measured according to GB/T7962.5-2010 standard; optical uniformity is detected according to GB/T7962.3-2010 standard, and specific detection data are shown in a table 1 。
Example 3
The sodium-calcium-silicon glass is molded by the flat glass molding device, wherein an included angle formed by a plane slope structure of the inclined baffle plate in the molding device and a horizontal plane surrounded by the annular mold is 130 degrees, and the sodium-calcium-silicon glass consists of the following glass components in percentage by weight: 72% SiO 2 、8％CaO、4％MgO、1.5％Al 2 O 3 、12％Na 2 O、1.7％K 2 O and 0.8% NaCl, the molding method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Before the raw material components of the soda-lime-silica glass are melted into molten glass and homogenized completely, starting a temperature controller of a forming device 2h in advance, and starting heating a heat-preserving (850 ℃) tin bath furnace, wherein the temperature of the tin bath furnace is controlled at 950 ℃ and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃. Before forming for 5min, the position of the annular die is adjusted by manually adjusting the movement mechanism, so that the lower port of the discharge spout of the discharge tube is positioned in the waste glass recovery area; heating the leakage pipe by adopting a Pt-4Rh alloy electrode, so that glass liquid leaks from the leakage pipe and flows into a waste glass recovery area;
(2) After the quality of the glass liquid leaked from the material leakage pipe is stable, the moving mechanism is manually and slowly and stably adjusted, so that the lower port of the leakage nozzle of the material leakage pipe is positioned above the plane slope structure of the inclined baffle plate, the leaked glass liquid flows into the annular die along the inclined baffle plate, and then the first laser range finder is started to automatically control the position of the annular die, so that the glass liquid level is 12mm;
(3) The thickness of the plate glass is monitored in real time through a second laser range finder, after the plate glass is cast into a substrate with the size of (1000 multiplied by 500 multiplied by 50) mm, the second laser range finder is closed, and the three-dimensional movement platform is manually adjusted to adjust the position of the annular die, so that the lower port of the material leakage pipe is positioned in a waste glass recovery area, and the residual glass liquid flows into the waste glass recovery area;
(4) Cooling water is led to the inclined baffle plate and the peripheral baffle plate, a tin liquid heating power supply is turned off, and the plate glass semi-finished product is cooled; and after the plate glass semi-finished product is solidified, opening the furnace door to quickly remove the plate glass semi-finished product, and annealing.
The sheet glass semi-finished product formed in the embodiment is put into an annealing furnace at 560 ℃ for annealing treatment, and then the apparent mass of the glass is observed; measuring the equal thickness of the glass substrate by using a measuring tool with the precision of 0.01 mm; detecting the streak degree according to the GB/T7962.7-2010 standard; stress birefringence was measured according to GB/T7962.5-2010 standard; optical uniformity was measured according to GB/T7962.3-2010 standard, and specific measurement data are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The lithium aluminum silicon glass same as in example 1 was molded by the molding device, and the molding method comprises the same steps and process parameters as in example 1 except that the distance between the lower end opening of the material leakage pipe and the glass liquid surface is controlled to be 20 mm; the glass substrate molded in this comparative example was subjected to the same annealing process as in example 1, and then was inspected by the same inspection method as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, the same lithium aluminum silicon glass as in example 1 was molded by using the molding apparatus described above, and the molding method was the same as in example 1 except that the molten tin level was not used as the molding lower surface, but heat-resistant stainless steel was used as the molding table; the glass substrate molded in this comparative example was subjected to the same annealing process as in example 1, and then was inspected by the same inspection method as in example 1.
TABLE 1 quality test results of plate glass
As can be seen from the test data of table 1, the flat glasses formed in examples 1 to 3 have double free surfaces,the apparent mass is good; through detection, the optical uniformity of the light source is less than or equal to 1.5X10 -5 The streak degree is A level, the stress birefringence is less than or equal to 6nm/cm, and the large-size and large-thickness glass formed by the forming method in the embodiment of the application has good apparent quality and high optical quality; in comparative example 1, when the vertical distance between the lower end of the discharge pipe and the glass liquid surface was increased to 20mm in the case of molding the same glass as in example 1, the uniform thickness difference of the molded plate glass was increased, the streak degree was deteriorated, the stress birefringence value was increased, and the optical uniformity was seriously lowered; comparative example 2 when the same glass as in example 1 was molded, a heat-resistant stainless steel was used as a supporting plate for molding instead of the molten tin level, and the molded glass had a rugged lower surface, not a free surface, which increased in thickness, increased in stress birefringence and decreased in optical uniformity.
The technical features of the claims and/or the description of the present application may be combined in a manner not limited to the combination of the claims by the relation of reference. The technical scheme obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and/or the specification is also the protection scope of the application.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any way, but any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present application still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. The forming method of the sheet glass, which uses tin liquid as a bearing platform, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Melting and homogenizing the raw materials for forming glass to obtain glass liquid;
2) 99% by volume of N 2 And 1% H 2 As a protective atmosphere; draining glass liquid into an annular mold arranged on the liquid level of the molten tin to enable the molten glass to flow out of the annular mold;
3) Cooling in situ to solidify self-leveling glass liquid to obtain a plate glass semi-finished product;
4) Annealing the semi-finished product of the plate glass to obtain the plate glass;
the inner surface of one side surface of the annular die is of a slope plane structure; the glass liquid is led into the annular mould through the side surface;
the included angle formed by the side surface and the horizontal plane surrounded by the annular die is 105-130 degrees;
the molten glass flows onto the side surfaces via the discharge spouts; the lower port of the discharge spout is of a flat port structure, and the length of the lower port is 0.9-1 time of the width of the side face; the end face of the lower port is parallel to the side face, and the vertical distance between the end face of the lower port and the side face is 10-15 mm.
2. The molding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross section of the annular mold is rectangular.
3. The molding method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the protective atmosphere is greater than atmospheric pressure by a pressure difference of 0.1Pa or less.
4. The molding method as defined in claim 2, wherein said tip is disposed above said side surface so as to be movable with respect to each other.
5. A device for forming sheet glass, comprising:
a tin bath furnace comprising an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve; the device also comprises a graphite electrode, a silicon molybdenum rod and a thermocouple; the graphite electrode is arranged in the tin bath furnace and connected to the bottom of the tin bath furnace; the silicon molybdenum rod is arranged in the tin bath furnace and connected to the top of the tin bath furnace; the thermocouple is arranged in the tin bath furnace;
an annular mold comprising a bevel baffle and a peripheral baffle; the inclined baffle plate and the peripheral baffle plate are connected with each other to form an annular structure; the annular die is arranged in the tin bath furnace through a supporting frame;
the material leakage mechanism comprises a discharge spout; the discharge spout is arranged above the inclined baffle in a relatively movable manner;
the motion mechanism comprises a vertical lifting mechanism; the vertical lifting mechanism can control the up-and-down motion of the tin bath furnace to adjust the distance between the discharge spout and the inclined baffle;
the lower port of the discharge spout is of a flat port structure, and the length of the lower port is 0.9-1 time of the width of the inclined baffle; the end face of the lower port is parallel to the inclined baffle; and the vertical distance between the inclined baffle and the inclined baffle is 10-15 mm;
the annular die is made of tungsten alloy;
the included angle formed by the inclined baffle plate and the horizontal plane surrounded by the annular die is 105-130 degrees;
the inclined baffle plate and the peripheral baffle plate are hollow structures and are used for circulating water cooling.
6. The forming apparatus of claim 5, wherein the molten tin bath is capable of holding and heating molten tin; the annular die is arranged above the molten tin and is in contact with the molten tin.
7. The molding apparatus of claim 5, wherein the leak mechanism further comprises a Pt-4Rh alloy leak pipe, an electrode, a blower, and a first laser rangefinder; the material leakage pipe is arranged above the inclined baffle plate; the bottom of the leakage pipe is provided with a leakage nozzle; the discharge spout is arranged above the inclined baffle in a relatively movable manner; the electrode is arranged on the outer side of the leakage pipe and used for heating the leakage pipe; the fan is arranged on the outer side of the material leakage pipe and used for cooling the material leakage pipe; the first laser range finder is arranged on the outer side of the material leakage pipe and is matched with the vertical lifting mechanism to adjust the distance between the leakage nozzle and the inclined baffle.
8. The molding apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of second laser rangefinders with a precision of + -0.05 mm; the second laser range finders are respectively arranged at the top of the tin bath furnace and used for measuring the thickness of the plate glass.
9. The molding apparatus of claim 5, wherein said movement mechanism further comprises a rail car; the tin bath furnace is arranged on the rail guide car.
10. The molding apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a control mechanism; the control mechanism is electrically connected with the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism, receives data information of the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism, and can control the tin bath furnace, the material leakage mechanism and the movement mechanism to execute a preset process.
11. A plate glass is characterized in that the thickness difference is-0.6 mm, the fringe degree is A, the stress birefringence is less than or equal to 6nm/cm, and the optical uniformity is less than or equal to 1.5X10 -5 ；
The sheet glass produced by the molding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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