CN114700495A - Non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114700495A CN114700495A CN202210361058.3A CN202210361058A CN114700495A CN 114700495 A CN114700495 A CN 114700495A CN 202210361058 A CN202210361058 A CN 202210361058A CN 114700495 A CN114700495 A CN 114700495A
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/12—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from gaseous material
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-cracking high-abrasion-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, a certain proportion of niobium or tantalum and at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder in reinforced ceramic phase powder are added into nickel-based alloy powder, niobium and tantalum are strong carbide forming elements and can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to form niobium carbide or tantalum carbide, so that the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, the niobium carbide or tantalum carbide has lower Gibbs free energy and can preferentially grow in the molten pool, and the reinforced ceramic phase powder added in a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the great reduction of the alloy hardness, thereby realizing the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material powder by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phase and increasing heterogeneous nucleation, the prepared nickel-based composite coating can not crack and has higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, laser cladding and laser thermal spraying, in particular to a non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, when the wear resistance of a matrix is improved by preparing a nickel-based coating through a laser cladding technology in China, the Ni45 or Ni60 powder used has high hardness, so that the prepared coating has poor plasticity and toughness, and is easy to generate cracks and other defects in the preparation process, and the corrosion resistance of the coating can be greatly reduced by the defects, so that the matrix cannot be effectively protected. However, most of the current methods for preparing the nickel-based composite material have relatively complex process flows, or the added elements are more and higher in price, so that the preparation cost is greatly increased, and the popularization and application of the nickel-based composite powder in the laser cladding technology are seriously restricted by a series of reasons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a non-cracking high-abrasion-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, aims to overcome the defects that the nickel-based composite material is poor in plasticity and toughness and complex in preparation process, realizes modification of nickel-based powder by adding a very small amount of alloy elements and using a simple process, and simplifies the preparation process flow.
The specific technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
according to the first aspect of the invention, the nickel-based composite material with the characteristics of no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is characterized in that raw materials of the nickel-based composite material comprise nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the niobium powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium powder is 4-6 microns, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 microns, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the particle size of a single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 microns, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 microns.
In a second aspect, the raw materials of the non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material provided by the invention comprise nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum powder is 4-6 microns, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 microns, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of a single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 microns, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 microns.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a non-cracking high-abrasion-resistance and corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material, the nickel-based composite material comprises the following raw materials of nickel-based alloy powder, a mixture of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the mixture of the niobium powder and the tantalum powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle diameter of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of a single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
In a fourth aspect, the nickel-based composite material with no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is prepared by mixing raw materials consisting of nickel-based alloy powder, at least one of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass portion ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 μm, the single particle size of the tantalum powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 μm, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 μm, the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
Optionally, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 17-53 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium powder is 4-5 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium carbide powder is 2-3 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-20 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium boride powder is 2-3 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium boride powder is 10-20 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum powder is 4-5 μm, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 17-53 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum carbide powder is 2-3 μm, the aggregation size of the tantalum carbide powder is 10-20 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum boride powder is 2-3 μm, and the aggregation size of the tantalum boride powder is 10-20 μm.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing a non-cracking, high wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, the method comprising:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass portion ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6 into a ball milling tank, and performing ball milling for 200-260 minutes in a ball milling mode of forward rotation and reverse rotation in an alternating circulation mode, wherein after ball milling is performed for 10-30 minutes, the ball milling is started again after stopping for 3-6 minutes at intervals, the forward rotation speed of a ball mill is 70-100 r/min and the reverse rotation speed is 70-100 r/min in the ball milling process, and the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
Optionally, ball milling is performed for 240 minutes in a ball milling mode of forward rotation and reverse rotation which are sequentially and alternately circulated, wherein the ball milling is started again after stopping for 5 minutes at intervals after each ball milling for 20 minutes, the forward rotation speed of the ball mill is 90r/min, and the reverse rotation speed of the ball mill is 90r/min in the ball milling process.
Optionally, the stainless steel ball grinding beads adopted in the ball milling process comprise large balls, medium balls and small balls with the mass ratio of 1-2: 3-6: 2-4, wherein the large balls, the medium balls and the small balls are ball grinding beads with three sizes, the diameters of the ball grinding beads gradually decrease progressively, and the ball-to-material ratio in the ball milling process is 5-15: 1; the diameter of the large ball is larger than that of the medium ball and is smaller than 2 times of that of the medium ball, the diameter of the medium ball is larger than that of the small ball and is smaller than 3 times of that of the small ball, the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the large ball, the medium ball and the small ball in the stainless steel ball milling beads adopted in the ball milling process is 2:5: 3.
Optionally, the diameter of the small ball is 1.5mm, the diameter of the medium ball is 3mm, and the diameter of the large ball is 5 mm.
Optionally, the forward rotation speed and the reverse rotation speed in the ball milling process are the same, and the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder are subjected to ball milling treatment and then are uniformly mixed, and the powder form that large particle powder is wrapped by small particle powder is presented.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a non-cracking high wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, comprising:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder into an atomizer according to the mass part ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, and preparing a mixed powder form in which small-particle powder wraps large-particle powder in a gas atomization or water atomization mode, wherein the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material, which is characterized in that a certain proportion of niobium or tantalum and reinforced ceramic phase powder are added into nickel-based alloy powder, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the niobium and the tantalum are strong carbide forming elements and can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide or tantalum carbide, the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide has lower Gibbs free energy and can preferentially grow in the molten pool, the niobium carbide, the niobium boride, the tantalum carbide or the tantalum boride in a certain proportion added can play a dispersion strengthening role to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, and the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is increased by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phase and increasing heterogeneous nucleation, the defects of poor plasticity and toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is not cracked and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the micro-morphology of raw material powders of a non-cracking, high wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the micro-morphology of the nickel-based composite material after the ball milling is completed according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this invention, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
A nickel-based composite material with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance without cracking according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
The inventor of the embodiment of the invention conducts observation and analysis on the prepared cracked nickel-based coating by creative labor, and discovers that the nickel-based coating is cracked mainly because coarse carbides with high hardness and brittleness are precipitated at a crystal boundary to form a net-shaped carbide dendrite, and then high-speed laser cladding is a rapid-heating and rapid-cooling additive manufacturing process, so that under the action of thermal stress caused by strong thermal unbalance, the net-shaped carbides are cracked along the crystal boundary to cause the cracking phenomenon of the coating, and further the corrosion resistance of the coating is reduced.
Based on the above analysis and discovery, the embodiment of the invention innovatively adds a certain proportion of niobium and niobium carbide into the nickel-based alloy powder, wherein niobium is a strong carbide forming element and can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, so that the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, the niobium carbide has lower gibbs free energy and can preferentially grow in the molten pool, and the added niobium carbide with a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the nickel-based composite material with no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and raw materials of the nickel-based composite material include nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the particle size of a single niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 μm, the reinforced ceramic phase powder includes at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the particle size of a single reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 μm, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 μm. The nickel-based alloy powder includes, but is not limited to, nickel 45, nickel 40, nickel 50, nickel 55, nickel 60, and the like, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the brittle ceramic phase is inhibited by adding the generating elements of strong carbide and boride such as Nb or Ta (the carbide and the boride are main strengthening ceramic phases of the nickel-based alloy and are also main causes of cracking), so that cracks generated in the preparation of the coating are inhibited. And then, through subsequent aging heat treatment, a new strengthening ceramic phase is generated to further improve the hardness and the strength of the coating, and because higher stress generated when the coating is prepared is effectively released in high-temperature heat treatment, the generation of cracks (the root cause of the generation of the cracks is brittle phase + higher stress) is avoided.
The raw materials preferably comprise nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass part ratio of 25:1:4, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 17-53 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-5 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 2-3 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-20 mu m.
By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the added niobium element can fully reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of wear-resistant particles, and the addition of the niobium carbide can play a role in dispersion strengthening on a nickel-based body to ensure that the hardness of the nickel-based composite powder is not reduced too much; proper powder particle size selection and ball milling process setting ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity and good flow of the powder components. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form of the large-particle powder wrapped by the small-particle powder is realized, the cracking of a high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the coating is improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the nickel-based composite material with no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and raw materials of the nickel-based composite material include nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the niobium powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 μm, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 1-4 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-150 μm.
The method has the advantages that niobium and niobium carbide are added into nickel-based alloy powder according to a certain proportion, the niobium is a strong carbide forming element and can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, meanwhile, the niobium carbide has lower Gibbs free energy and can preferentially grow in the molten pool, the niobium carbide additionally added according to a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized by a method for inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nucleation points, the defects that the nickel-based composite material is poor in plastic toughness and the preparation process is complex are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating can be prevented from cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material, which comprises nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of single particles of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of single particles of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
According to the invention, a certain proportion of tantalum and tantalum carbide or tantalum boride are added into nickel-based alloy powder, the tantalum is a strong carbide forming element and can be preferentially combined with carbon or boron in a molten pool to generate the tantalum carbide or tantalum boride, so that the formation of coarse carbides or borides is avoided, the tantalum carbide or tantalum boride has lower Gibbs free energy and can preferentially grow in the molten pool, and the added tantalum carbide or tantalum boride has a dispersion strengthening effect to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass portion ratio of 25:1:4, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 17-53 mu m, the single particle size of the tantalum powder is 4-5 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 17-53 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 2-3 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-20 mu m.
By optimally selecting the particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the tantalum powder and the tantalum carbide powder or the tantalum boride powder, the added tantalum element can fully reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of wear particles of the nickel-based composite powder, and the tantalum carbide and the tantalum boride can play a role in dispersion strengthening on a nickel-based body to ensure that the hardness of the nickel-based composite powder is not reduced too much; proper powder particle size selection and ball milling process setting ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity and good flow of the powder components. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form of the large-particle powder wrapped by the small-particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the coating is improved.
Example 4
The embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material, which comprises nickel-based alloy powder, a mixture of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the tantalum powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of single niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the aggregation size of single tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of single reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
In the embodiment of the invention, the brittle ceramic phase is inhibited by adding the generating elements of the strong carbide and boride such as niobium or tantalum (the carbide and the boride are main strengthening ceramic phases of the nickel-based alloy and are also main causes of cracking), so that the cracking of the coating is inhibited during the preparation. And then, through subsequent aging heat treatment, a new strengthening ceramic phase is generated to further improve the hardness and the strength of the coating, and because higher stress generated when the coating is prepared is effectively released in high-temperature heat treatment, the generation of cracks (the root cause of the generation of the cracks is brittle phase + higher stress) is avoided.
The method is characterized in that niobium, tantalum and reinforced ceramic phase powder are added into nickel-based alloy powder according to a certain proportion, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the niobium and the tantalum are strong carbide forming elements, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide or tantalum carbide, the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide has lower Gibbs free energy and preferentially grows in the molten pool, the niobium carbide, the niobium boride, the tantalum carbide or the tantalum boride according to a certain proportion added can play a dispersion strengthening role to prevent the great reduction of the alloy hardness, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized by inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nucleation particles, and the defects of poor plastic toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, the prepared nickel-based composite coating can not crack and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Preferably, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 17-53 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium powder is 4-5 microns, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium carbide powder is 2-3 microns, the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-20 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium boride powder is 2-3 microns, the aggregation size of the niobium boride powder is 10-20 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum powder is 4-5 microns, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 17-53 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum carbide powder is 2-3 microns, the aggregation size of the tantalum carbide powder is 10-20 microns, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum boride powder is 2-3 microns, and the aggregation size of the tantalum boride powder is 10-20 microns.
By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium carbide powder, the niobium boride powder, the tantalum carbide powder and the tantalum boride powder, the added niobium element and tantalum element can fully reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of wear particles of the nickel-based composite powder, and the addition of any one of the niobium carbide, the niobium boride, the tantalum carbide and the tantalum boride can play a role in dispersion strengthening on a nickel-based body to ensure that the hardness of the nickel-based composite powder cannot be reduced too much; proper powder particle size selection and ball milling process setting ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity and good flow of the powder components. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium carbide powder, the niobium boride powder, the tantalum carbide powder and the tantalum boride powder, the powder form that the small particle powder wraps the large particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 5
The embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material which is formed by mixing raw materials comprising nickel-based alloy powder, at least one of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass part ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
In the embodiment of the invention, the brittle ceramic phase is inhibited by adding the generating elements of the strong carbide and boride such as niobium or tantalum (the carbide and the boride are main strengthening ceramic phases of the nickel-based alloy and are also main causes of cracking), so that the cracking of the coating is inhibited during the preparation. And then, through subsequent aging heat treatment, a new strengthening ceramic phase is generated to further improve the hardness and the strength of the coating, and because higher stress generated when the coating is prepared is effectively released in high-temperature heat treatment, the generation of cracks (the root cause of the generation of the cracks is brittle phase + higher stress) is avoided.
The method is characterized in that niobium, tantalum and reinforced ceramic phase powder are added into nickel-based alloy powder according to a certain proportion, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the niobium and the tantalum are strong carbide forming elements, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide or tantalum carbide, the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide has lower Gibbs free energy and preferentially grows in the molten pool, the niobium carbide, the niobium boride, the tantalum carbide or the tantalum boride according to a certain proportion added can play a dispersion strengthening role to prevent the great reduction of the alloy hardness, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized by inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nucleation particles, and the defects of poor plastic toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, the prepared nickel-based composite coating can not crack and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the nickel-based composite material with no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the raw materials include, by mass, 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6 nickel 45 powder, niobium powder, and niobium carbide powder, wherein the nickel 45 powder has a powder particle size of 18-55 μm, the niobium powder has a single particle size of 4-6 μm, the niobium powder has an aggregation size of 10-150 μm, the niobium carbide powder has a single particle size of 1-4 μm, and the niobium carbide powder has an aggregation size of 10-150 μm.
The method has the advantages that niobium and niobium carbide are added into nickel-based alloy powder according to a certain proportion, the niobium is a strong carbide forming element and can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, meanwhile, the niobium carbide has lower Gibbs free energy and can preferentially grow in the molten pool, the niobium carbide additionally added according to a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized by a method for inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nucleation points, the defects that the nickel-based composite material is poor in plastic toughness and the preparation process is complex are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating can be prevented from cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 7
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the nickel-based composite material with no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the raw materials include, by mass, 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6 nickel 45 powder, niobium powder, and niobium carbide powder, wherein the nickel 45 powder has a powder particle size of 17-53 μm, the niobium powder has a single particle size of 4-5 μm, the niobium powder has an aggregation size of 17-53 μm, the niobium carbide powder has a single particle size of 2-3 μm, and the niobium carbide powder has an aggregation size of 10-20 μm.
By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the added niobium element can fully reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of wear-resistant particles, and the niobium carbide can play a role in dispersion strengthening on a nickel matrix to ensure that the hardness of the nickel matrix is not reduced too much; proper powder particle size selection and ball milling process setting ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity and good flow of the powder components. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form of the large particle powder wrapped by the small particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 8
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the nickel-based composite material with the characteristics of no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is provided, and raw materials of the nickel-based composite material include nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder, wherein the mass portion ratio of the nickel 45 powder to the niobium carbide powder is 25:1:4, the particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 17-53 μm, the particle size of each single particle of the niobium powder is 4-5 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 μm, the particle size of each single particle of the niobium carbide powder is 2-3 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-20 μm.
The mass ratio of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder is optimized, so that the modification effect of the niobium powder on the nickel 45 powder can be ensured, the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder is fully reduced after modification, the wear resistance of wear particles of the nickel-based composite powder is improved, the dispersion strengthening effect of the niobium carbide on a nickel matrix is optimized by optimizing the adding proportion of the niobium carbide powder, the hardness of the nickel 45 powder after modification is ensured not to be reduced too much, the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder in the proportion are matched with each other, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized, the defects of poor plastic toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is free of cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 9
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-cracking, high wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is formed by ball-milling and mixing, by mass, nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder, wherein the ratio of the mass parts of the nickel 45 powder to the niobium powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 18-55 μm, the particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 15-60 μm, the particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 1-4 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 8-25 μm.
The raw materials and the mixing process of the nickel-based composite material are optimized, the defects of poor plasticity and toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome by only adding the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder into the nickel 45 powder, the powder form of wrapping large-particle powder by small-particle powder is realized by adding a very small amount of alloy elements and using a simple ball-milling process, the nickel 45 powder wrapped by the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder realizes the modification of the nickel-based powder, and the process flow is simplified; moreover, the niobium powder coated outside the nickel 45 powder can reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder, and the niobium carbide powder coated outside the nickel 45 powder can play a role in dispersion strengthening on a nickel-based body, so that the hardness of the nickel-based composite powder is not reduced too much; proper powder particle size selection and ball milling process setting ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity and good flow of the powder components. In conclusion, the strategy can avoid the generation of cracks on the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating and improve the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating.
Example 10
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-cracking, high wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is formed by ball-milling and mixing, by mass, nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder, wherein the ratio of the mass parts of the nickel 45 powder to the niobium carbide powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, and the nickel 45 powder has a powder particle size of 17-53 μm, the niobium powder has a single particle size of 4-5 μm, the niobium powder has an aggregate size of 17-53 μm, the niobium carbide powder has a single particle size of 2-3 μm, and the niobium carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10-20 μm.
By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the added niobium element can fully reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of wear-resistant particles, and the niobium carbide can play a role in dispersion strengthening on a nickel matrix to ensure that the hardness of the nickel matrix is not reduced too much; proper powder particle size selection and ball milling process setting ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity and good flow of the powder components. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form of the large particle powder wrapped by the small particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 11
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is formed by ball-milling and mixing raw materials of nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder at a mass ratio of 25:1:4, wherein a powder particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 17 to 53 μm, a single particle size of the niobium powder is 4 to 5 μm, an aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17 to 53 μm, a single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 2 to 3 μm, and an aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10 to 20 μm.
The mass ratio of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder is optimized, so that the modification effect of the niobium powder on the nickel 45 powder can be ensured, the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder is fully reduced after modification, the wear resistance of wear particles of the nickel-based composite powder is improved, the dispersion strengthening effect of the niobium carbide on a nickel matrix is optimized by optimizing the adding proportion of the niobium carbide powder, the hardness of the nickel 45 powder after modification is ensured not to be reduced too much, the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder in the proportion are matched with each other, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized, the defects of poor plastic toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is free of cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 12
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for preparing the non-cracking high-wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass portion ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6 into a ball milling tank, and performing ball milling for 200-260 minutes in a ball milling mode of forward rotation and reverse rotation in an alternating circulation mode, wherein after ball milling for 10-30 minutes, the ball milling is started again after stopping for 3-6 minutes at intervals, the forward rotation speed of a ball mill is 70-100 r/min and the reverse rotation speed is 70-100 r/min in the ball milling process, and the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder. Wherein, because the particle size difference of at least one of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the tantalum powder and the strengthening ceramic phase powder is larger, the powder form that the small particle powder wraps the large particle powder can be finally realized by selecting a ball milling mode to carry out uniform mixing.
Preferably, in the preparation process, ball milling is carried out for 240 minutes according to a ball milling mode of forward rotation and reverse rotation which are sequentially and alternately circulated, wherein the ball milling is started again after stopping for 5 minutes at intervals after each ball milling for 20 minutes, the forward rotation speed of the ball mill is 90r/min, and the reverse rotation speed of the ball mill is 90r/min in the ball milling process. By reasonably optimizing the ball milling time and the ball milling mode and starting the ball milling again after stopping the ball milling for 5 minutes at intervals after 20 minutes of each ball milling, the phenomenon that the performance of the powder is influenced due to overhigh temperature of the powder caused by continuous ball milling can be avoided, and the performance is reduced due to overhigh temperature of the powder in the ball milling process by stopping the ball milling for 5 minutes at intervals after 20 minutes of each ball milling.
Preferably, the stainless steel ball grinding beads adopted in the ball milling process comprise large balls, medium balls and small balls in a mass ratio of 1-2: 3-6: 2-4, wherein the large balls, the medium balls and the small balls are ball grinding beads with three sizes, the diameters of the ball grinding beads gradually decrease progressively, and the ball-to-material ratio in the ball milling process is 5-15: 1. Through the size cooperation of optimizing selection ball milling pearl, can avoid the powder particle size undersize after the ball-milling is accomplished, optimize selection ball milling pearl size and ratio, cooperation ball-milling in-process just reversing the optimization of rotational speed, can make the powder misce bene and avoid the ball-milling process to lead to the granule undersize, it is good to have guaranteed that the powder form of the little granule powder parcel large granule powder after the ball-milling is accomplished.
Preferably, the diameter of the large ball is larger than that of the medium ball and is smaller than 2 times of that of the medium ball, the diameter of the medium ball is larger than that of the small ball and is smaller than 3 times of that of the small ball, the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the large ball, the medium ball and the small ball in the stainless steel ball milling beads adopted in the ball milling process is 2:5: 3. Wherein, the diameter of the small ball is 1.5mm, the diameter of the medium ball is 3mm, and the diameter of the large ball is 5 mm. By optimizing the ball milling mode and parameter selection, the powder can be uniformly mixed, particles are prevented from being too small in the ball milling process, and the performance of the powder is prevented from being reduced when the temperature is too high.
Preferably, the forward rotation speed and the reverse rotation speed during the ball milling process are the same, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in fig. 1, (a) is the morphology of the nickel 45 powder under an electron microscope before the ball milling treatment, (b) is the morphology of the niobium powder under an electron microscope before the ball milling treatment, and (c) is the morphology of the niobium carbide powder under an electron microscope before the ball milling treatment, as can be seen from fig. 1, before the ball milling treatment, the particle diameters of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder are greatly different and cannot be mutually wrapped, and fig. 2 is a powder morphology that the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder are uniformly mixed under an electron microscope to present a large particle powder wrapped by a small particle powder, so that the ductility and toughness of Ni45 are fully improved, a certain hardness of the powder is maintained, and the application range of the Ni-based powder is expanded.
The invention provides a non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material, which is characterized in that a certain proportion of niobium and niobium carbide are added into nickel-based alloy powder, wherein the niobium is a strong carbide forming element and can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate the niobium carbide, so that the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, the niobium carbide has lower Gibbs free energy and can preferentially grow in the molten pool, and the added niobium carbide with a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, so that the increase of the ductility and toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized by a method for inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nucleation points, the defects of poor ductility and toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is free from cracking and has high wear-resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 13
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for preparing the non-cracking high-wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder into an atomizer according to the mass part ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, and preparing a mixed powder form in which small-particle powder wraps large-particle powder in a gas atomization or water atomization mode, wherein the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder. Wherein, because the particle size difference of at least one of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the tantalum powder and the strengthening ceramic phase powder is larger, the powder form that the small particle powder wraps the large particle powder can be finally realized by selecting the mode of gas atomization or water atomization to carry out uniform mixing.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to encompass such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The nickel-based composite material is characterized by comprising nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the niobium powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the particle size of a single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
2. The nickel-based composite material is characterized by comprising nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of a single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
3. The nickel-based composite material with the characteristics of no cracking, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising the following raw materials of nickel-based alloy powder, a mixture of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass part ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the mixture of the niobium powder and the tantalum powder is 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of a single particle of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of each single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
4. The nickel-based composite material is characterized by being prepared by mixing raw materials consisting of nickel-based alloy powder, at least one of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass part ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the particle size of a single particle of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle diameter of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of each single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
5. The nickel-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nickel powder has a powder particle size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the niobium powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the niobium boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the tantalum powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, and the tantalum boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm.
6. A method for preparing the non-cracking high-abrasion-resistance and corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass portion ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6 into a ball milling tank, and performing ball milling for 200-260 minutes in a ball milling mode of forward rotation and reverse rotation in an alternating circulation mode, wherein after ball milling is performed for 10-30 minutes, the ball milling is started again after stopping for 3-6 minutes at intervals, the forward rotation speed of a ball mill is 70-100 r/min and the reverse rotation speed is 70-100 r/min in the ball milling process, and the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
7. The method for preparing the non-cracking high-abrasion-resistance and corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the ball milling is carried out for 240 minutes in a ball milling mode of forward rotation and reverse rotation in turn and alternately, wherein the ball milling is started again after the ball milling is stopped for 5 minutes at intervals after 20 minutes, the forward rotation speed of a ball mill in the ball milling process is 90r/min, and the reverse rotation speed is 90 r/min.
8. The method for preparing the non-cracking, high-abrasion-resistance and corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the stainless steel ball grinding beads adopted in the ball milling process comprise large balls, medium balls and small balls in a mass ratio of 1-2: 3-6: 2-4, wherein the large balls, the medium balls and the small balls are ball grinding beads with three sizes, the diameters of the ball grinding beads gradually decrease progressively, and the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 5-15: 1; the diameter of the large ball is larger than that of the medium ball and is smaller than 2 times of that of the medium ball, the diameter of the medium ball is larger than that of the small ball and is smaller than 3 times of that of the small ball, the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the large ball, the medium ball and the small ball in the stainless steel ball milling bead adopted in the ball milling process is 2:5: 3.
9. The method for preparing the non-cracking, high-abrasion, and corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material according to claim 8, wherein the forward rotation speed and the reverse rotation speed in the ball milling process are the same, and the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder, and the niobium carbide powder are uniformly mixed after the ball milling process and present a powder form in which large particle powder is wrapped by small particle powder.
10. A method for preparing the non-cracking high-abrasion-resistance and corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder into an atomizer according to the mass part ratio of 20-30: 0.5-2: 2-6, and preparing a mixed powder form in which small-particle powder wraps large-particle powder in a gas atomization or water atomization mode, wherein the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
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