CN114700495B - Non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114700495B CN114700495B CN202210361058.3A CN202210361058A CN114700495B CN 114700495 B CN114700495 B CN 114700495B CN 202210361058 A CN202210361058 A CN 202210361058A CN 114700495 B CN114700495 B CN 114700495B
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/12—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from gaseous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of laser additive manufacturing, laser cladding and laser thermal spraying, in particular to a non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
When the wear resistance of the matrix is improved by preparing the nickel-based coating through the laser cladding technology at present, the Ni45 or Ni60 powder has higher hardness, so that the prepared coating has poor toughness, and the defects such as cracks are easy to generate in the preparation process, and the defects can greatly reduce the corrosion resistance of the coating, so that the matrix cannot be effectively protected. However, most of the current methods for preparing the nickel-based composite material have relatively complex technological processes, or more added elements and higher price, so that the preparation cost is greatly increased, and the series of reasons severely restrict the popularization and application of the nickel-based composite powder in the laser cladding technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the defects of poor toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material.
The specific technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
according to the first aspect, the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is characterized in that raw materials of the nickel-based composite material comprise nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
In a second aspect, the raw materials of the non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material comprise nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
In a third aspect, the raw materials of the nickel-based composite material comprise nickel-based alloy powder, a mixture of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
In a fourth aspect, the nickel-based composite material with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance is prepared by mixing raw materials consisting of at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of single particles of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of single particles of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of single particles of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
Alternatively, the nickel-based alloy powder has a powder particle size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the niobium powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the niobium boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the tantalum powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, and the tantalum boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of preparing a non-cracking, highly abrasion-resistant, corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, the method comprising:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder with the mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 and reinforced ceramic phase powder into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 200-260 minutes according to a ball milling mode of alternately cycling in turn in forward rotation and reverse rotation, wherein the ball milling is started again after stopping for 3-6 minutes at intervals after each ball milling for 10-30 minutes, the forward rotation speed of the ball mill is 70-100 r/min and the reverse rotation speed of the ball mill is 70-100 r/min, and the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
Optionally, ball milling is carried out for 240 minutes according to a ball milling mode of alternately cycling in turn in forward rotation and reverse rotation, wherein the ball milling is started again after stopping for 5 minutes after each ball milling time of 20 minutes, and the forward rotation speed of the ball milling is 90r/min and the reverse rotation speed of the ball milling is 90r/min in the ball milling process.
Optionally, the stainless steel ball grinding balls adopted in the ball milling process comprise big balls, middle balls and small balls with the mass ratio of 1-2:3-6:2-4, wherein the big balls, the middle balls and the small balls are three ball milling balls with the diameter sizes gradually decreasing, and the ball material ratio in the ball milling process is 5-15:1; the diameter of the large ball is 2 times larger than that of the middle ball and smaller than that of the middle ball, the diameter of the middle ball is 3 times larger than that of the small ball and smaller than that of the small ball, the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the large ball to the middle ball to the small ball in the stainless steel ball milling ball adopted in the ball milling process is 2:5:3.
Alternatively, the small sphere diameter is 1.5mm, the medium sphere diameter is 3mm, and the large sphere diameter is 5mm.
Optionally, the forward rotation speed and the reverse rotation speed in the ball milling process are the same, and the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder are uniformly mixed after ball milling treatment and are in a powder form that small particle powder wraps large particle powder.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a non-cracking, highly abrasion-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, the method comprising:
Adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder according to the mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 into an atomizer, and preparing the mixed powder form of small particle powder and large particle powder coated by the small particle powder according to an air atomization or water atomization mode, wherein the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is prepared by adding a certain proportion of niobium or tantalum and a reinforced ceramic phase powder into nickel-based alloy powder, wherein the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the niobium and the tantalum are all strong carbide forming elements, the niobium and the tantalum can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide or tantalum carbide, the formation of coarse carbide is avoided, meanwhile, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide has lower Gibbs free energy, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide can preferentially grow in the molten pool, and meanwhile, the added certain proportion of niobium carbide, niobium boride, tantalum carbide or tantalum boride can play a role of dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, so that the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous shaped core particles, and the defect that the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is poor and the preparation process is complex is overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is not cracked and has higher wear-resistant performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the microscopic morphology of raw material powders of a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the microscopic morphology of the nickel-based composite material after ball milling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising," along with any variations thereof, in the description and claims, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
A non-cracking, high wear resistant and corrosion resistant nickel-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
The inventor of the embodiment of the invention performs observation and analysis on the prepared cracking nickel-based coating by creative labor, and discovers that the cause of the cracking of the nickel-based coating is mainly that coarse carbide with high hardness and brittleness is precipitated at a grain boundary to form network carbide dendrites, and then the high-speed laser cladding is a rapid heating and rapid cooling additive manufacturing process, so that under the action of thermal stress caused by strong heat unbalance, the network carbide cracks along the grain boundary to cause the cracking phenomenon of the coating, and further the corrosion resistance of the coating is reduced.
Based on the analysis and discovery, the embodiment of the invention innovatively adds a certain proportion of niobium and niobium carbide into nickel-based alloy powder, wherein the niobium is a strong carbide forming element, can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, avoids the formation of coarse carbide, simultaneously has lower Gibbs free energy, can preferentially grow in the molten pool, and simultaneously the additionally added niobium carbide with a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the great reduction of alloy hardness, thereby realizing the increase of the plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based composite material by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles, solving the defects of poorer plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based composite material and more complex preparation process, and ensuring that the prepared nickel-based composite coating is not cracked and has higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises, by mass, 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the particle size of each single particle of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 μm, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the particle size of each single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 μm, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 μm. Nickel-based alloy powders include, but are not limited to, nickel 45, nickel 40, nickel 50, nickel 55, nickel 60, etc., and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In the embodiment of the invention, the brittle ceramic phase is restrained by adding the generating elements of strong carbide and boride such as Nb or Ta (the carbide and the boride are the main strengthening ceramic phase of the nickel-based alloy and are also the main reasons for cracking), so that cracks are restrained when the coating is prepared. Then, a new reinforced ceramic phase is generated by subsequent aging heat treatment to further improve the hardness and strength of the coating, and the higher stress generated during the preparation of the coating is effectively released during the high-temperature heat treatment, so that the generation of cracks (the root cause of the generation of the cracks is brittle phase plus higher stress) is avoided.
Wherein, the preferable raw materials comprise nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 25:1:4, wherein, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 17-53 mu m, the particle size of the niobium powder is 4-5 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 2-3 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-20 mu m.
By optimizing and selecting the powder particle sizes of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder, the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder can be fully reduced by adding the niobium element, the wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder is improved, and the nickel matrix can be subjected to dispersion strengthening by adding the niobium carbide, so that the hardness of the nickel matrix is ensured not to be reduced too much; suitable powder particle size selection and ball milling process settings, ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity of powder composition and good flowability. By optimizing and selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form that the small-particle powder wraps the large-particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises, by mass, 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 μm, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 μm, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 1-4 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-150 μm.
The nickel-based composite coating is characterized in that a certain proportion of niobium and niobium carbide are added into nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium is a strong carbide forming element, the niobium can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, coarse carbide is avoided being formed, meanwhile, the niobium carbide has lower Gibbs free energy, the niobium carbide can preferentially grow up in the molten pool, and meanwhile, the added niobium carbide with a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, so that the nickel-based composite material has increased plastic toughness by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles, the defects of poor plastic toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is free from cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises, by mass, 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 of nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of single tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of single reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
According to the invention, a certain proportion of tantalum and tantalum carbide or tantalum boride is added into nickel-based alloy powder, the tantalum is a strong carbide forming element, the tantalum is preferentially combined with carbon or boron in a molten pool to generate the tantalum carbide or tantalum boride, so that the formation of coarse carbide or tantalum boride is avoided, meanwhile, the tantalum carbide or tantalum boride has lower Gibbs free energy, the tantalum carbide or tantalum boride preferentially grows in the molten pool, and meanwhile, the additionally added tantalum carbide or tantalum boride with a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, thereby realizing the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles, solving the defects of poorer plastic toughness and more complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material, and ensuring that the prepared nickel-based composite coating is not cracked and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 25:1:4, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 17-53 mu m, the particle size of single tantalum powder is 4-5 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 17-53 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of single reinforced ceramic phase powder is 2-3 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-20 mu m.
By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and tantalum carbide powder or tantalum boride powder, the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder can be fully reduced by adding tantalum element, the wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder is improved, and the addition of tantalum carbide and tantalum boride can play a role in dispersion strengthening a nickel matrix, so that the hardness of the nickel matrix is not reduced too much; suitable powder particle size selection and ball milling process settings, ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity of powder composition and good flowability. By optimizing and selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form that the small-particle powder wraps the large-particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 4
The embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises the raw materials of nickel-based alloy powder, a mixture of niobium powder and tantalum powder, and reinforced ceramic phase powder, wherein the mass ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the niobium powder is 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the brittle ceramic phase is restrained by adding the generating elements of strong carbides and borides such as niobium or tantalum (the carbides and the borides are main strengthening ceramic phases of the nickel-based alloy and are also main reasons for cracking), so that cracks are restrained when the coating is prepared. Then, a new reinforced ceramic phase is generated by subsequent aging heat treatment to further improve the hardness and strength of the coating, and the higher stress generated during the preparation of the coating is effectively released during the high-temperature heat treatment, so that the generation of cracks (the root cause of the generation of the cracks is brittle phase plus higher stress) is avoided.
The reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, wherein the niobium and the tantalum are all strong carbide forming elements, are preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide or tantalum carbide, so that the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, meanwhile, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide has lower Gibbs free energy, is preferentially grown in the molten pool, and simultaneously, the additionally added niobium carbide, niobium boride, tantalum carbide or tantalum boride has a certain proportion and can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, thereby realizing the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nucleation particles, solving the defects of poorer plastic toughness and more complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material, and enabling the prepared nickel-based composite coating not to crack and to have high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Preferably, the nickel-based alloy powder has a powder particle size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the niobium powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the niobium boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the tantalum powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, and the tantalum boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm.
By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the added niobium element and tantalum element can fully reduce crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder, and the addition of any one of the niobium carbide, the niobium boride, the tantalum carbide and the tantalum boride can play a role in dispersion strengthening of a nickel matrix, so that the hardness of the nickel matrix is not reduced too much; suitable powder particle size selection and ball milling process settings, ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity of powder composition and good flowability. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium carbide powder, the niobium boride powder, the tantalum carbide powder and the tantalum boride powder, the powder form that the small-particle powder wraps the large-particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 5
The embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is formed by mixing raw materials consisting of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and at least one of tantalum powder in a mass part ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of single particles of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of single particles of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of single particles of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the brittle ceramic phase is restrained by adding the generating elements of strong carbides and borides such as niobium or tantalum (the carbides and the borides are main strengthening ceramic phases of the nickel-based alloy and are also main reasons for cracking), so that cracks are restrained when the coating is prepared. Then, a new reinforced ceramic phase is generated by subsequent aging heat treatment to further improve the hardness and strength of the coating, and the higher stress generated during the preparation of the coating is effectively released during the high-temperature heat treatment, so that the generation of cracks (the root cause of the generation of the cracks is brittle phase plus higher stress) is avoided.
The reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, wherein the niobium and the tantalum are all strong carbide forming elements, are preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide or tantalum carbide, so that the formation of coarse carbides is avoided, meanwhile, the niobium carbide or the tantalum carbide has lower Gibbs free energy, is preferentially grown in the molten pool, and simultaneously, the additionally added niobium carbide, niobium boride, tantalum carbide or tantalum boride has a certain proportion and can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, thereby realizing the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nucleation particles, solving the defects of poorer plastic toughness and more complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material, and enabling the prepared nickel-based composite coating not to crack and to have high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises, by mass, nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder in a ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 18-55 μm, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 μm, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 1-4 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-150 μm.
The nickel-based composite coating is characterized in that a certain proportion of niobium and niobium carbide are added into nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium is a strong carbide forming element, the niobium can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, coarse carbide is avoided being formed, meanwhile, the niobium carbide has lower Gibbs free energy, the niobium carbide can preferentially grow up in the molten pool, and meanwhile, the added niobium carbide with a certain proportion can play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, so that the nickel-based composite material has increased plastic toughness by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles, the defects of poor plastic toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is free from cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 7
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises, by mass, nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder in a ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 17-53 μm, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-5 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 μm, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 2-3 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-20 μm.
By optimizing and selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the added niobium element can fully reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder, and the addition of the niobium carbide can play a role in dispersion strengthening of a nickel matrix, so that the hardness of the nickel-based composite powder is ensured not to be reduced too much; suitable powder particle size selection and ball milling process settings, ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity of powder composition and good flowability. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form that the small-particle powder wraps the large-particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 8
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises, by mass, nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder in a mass ratio of 25:1:4, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 17-53 μm, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-5 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 μm, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 2-3 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-20 μm.
The modification effect of the niobium powder on the nickel 45 powder can be ensured by optimizing the mass ratio of the nickel 45 powder, the modification effect of the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder is fully reduced after modification, the wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder is improved, the dispersion strengthening effect of the niobium carbide on a nickel matrix is optimized by optimizing the adding proportion of the niobium carbide powder, the hardness of the nickel 45 powder after modification is ensured not to be reduced too much, the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder in the proportion are matched with each other, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized, the defects that the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is poor and the preparation process is complex are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is free from cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 9
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is formed by ball milling and mixing raw materials of nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 18-55 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 15-60 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 8-25 mu m.
The defects of poor toughness and complex preparation process of the nickel-based composite material are overcome by only adding the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder into the nickel 45 powder through optimizing the raw materials and the mixing process of the nickel-based composite material, the powder form of small-particle powder coated with large-particle powder is realized by adding a small amount of alloy elements and using a simple ball milling process, the modification of the nickel-based powder is realized by the niobium powder and the nickel 45 powder coated with the niobium carbide powder, and the process flow is simplified; in addition, the niobium powder wrapped outside the nickel 45 powder can reduce crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder, improve abrasion resistance of abrasion resistant particles of the nickel-based composite powder, and the niobium carbide powder wrapped outside the nickel 45 powder can play a role in dispersion strengthening of a nickel matrix, so that the hardness of the nickel-based composite powder is not reduced too much; suitable powder particle size selection and ball milling process settings, ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity of powder composition and good flowability. In conclusion, the strategy can avoid the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating and improve the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating.
Example 10
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is formed by ball milling and mixing raw materials of nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 17-53 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-5 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 2-3 mu m, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-20 mu m.
By optimizing and selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the added niobium element can fully reduce the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder and improve the wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder, and the addition of the niobium carbide can play a role in dispersion strengthening of a nickel matrix, so that the hardness of the nickel-based composite powder is ensured not to be reduced too much; suitable powder particle size selection and ball milling process settings, ultimately form a coated powder to ensure uniformity of powder composition and good flowability. By optimally selecting the powder particle sizes of the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the powder form that the small-particle powder wraps the large-particle powder is realized, the cracking of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating can be further avoided, and the corrosion resistance of the high-hardness nickel-based alloy coating is improved.
Example 11
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is formed by ball milling and mixing raw materials of nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder in a mass ratio of 25:1:4, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel 45 powder is 17-53 μm, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-5 μm, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 17-53 μm, the single particle size of the niobium carbide powder is 2-3 μm, and the aggregation size of the niobium carbide powder is 10-20 μm.
The modification effect of the niobium powder on the nickel 45 powder can be ensured by optimizing the mass ratio of the nickel 45 powder, the modification effect of the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder, the crack sensitivity of the nickel-based composite powder is fully reduced after modification, the wear resistance of the nickel-based composite powder is improved, the dispersion strengthening effect of the niobium carbide on a nickel matrix is optimized by optimizing the adding proportion of the niobium carbide powder, the hardness of the nickel 45 powder after modification is ensured not to be reduced too much, the nickel 45 powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder in the proportion are matched with each other, the increase of the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized, the defects that the plastic toughness of the nickel-based composite material is poor and the preparation process is complex are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is free from cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 12
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for preparing the non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder with the mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 and reinforced ceramic phase powder into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 200-260 minutes according to a ball milling mode of alternately cycling in turn in forward rotation and reverse rotation, wherein the ball milling is started again after stopping for 3-6 minutes at intervals after each ball milling for 10-30 minutes, the forward rotation speed of the ball mill is 70-100 r/min and the reverse rotation speed of the ball mill is 70-100 r/min, and the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder. Wherein, because at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and the reinforced ceramic phase powder have larger particle size difference, the powder form of coating the large-particle powder with the small-particle powder can be finally realized by uniformly mixing by selecting a ball milling mode.
Preferably, in the preparation process, ball milling is carried out for 240 minutes according to a ball milling mode of alternately cycling in turn in forward rotation and reverse rotation, wherein the ball milling is started again after stopping for 5 minutes at intervals after 20 minutes each time of ball milling, and the forward rotation speed of the ball milling is 90r/min and the reverse rotation speed of the ball milling is 90r/min. The ball milling time and the ball milling mode are reasonably optimized, the ball milling is started again after stopping for 5 minutes at intervals after 20 minutes of ball milling, the influence on the performance of the powder caused by overhigh temperature of the powder due to continuous ball milling can be avoided, and the performance reduction caused by overhigh temperature of the powder in the ball milling process can be avoided through stopping for 5 minutes at intervals after 20 minutes of ball milling.
Preferably, the stainless steel ball grinding balls adopted in the ball milling process comprise big balls, middle balls and small balls with the mass ratio of 1-2:3-6:2-4, wherein the big balls, the middle balls and the small balls are three ball milling balls with the diameter sizes gradually decreasing, and the ball material ratio in the ball milling process is 5-15:1. Through the optimization of the size matching of the ball-milling beads, the too small powder granularity after the ball milling is finished can be avoided, the size and the proportion of the ball-milling beads are optimized, the powder is uniformly mixed by matching with the optimization of the forward and reverse rotation speeds in the ball-milling process, the particle is prevented from being too small in the ball-milling process, and the good powder form of the small particle powder coated with the large particle powder after the ball milling is finished is ensured.
Preferably, the diameter of the large ball is larger than the diameter of the middle ball and smaller than 2 times of the diameter of the middle ball, the diameter of the middle ball is larger than the diameter of the small ball and smaller than 3 times of the diameter of the small ball, the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the large ball, the middle ball and the small ball in the stainless steel ball milling ball adopted in the ball milling process is 2:5:3. Wherein, the diameter of the small ball is 1.5mm, the diameter of the medium ball is 3mm, and the diameter of the large ball is 5mm. The powder can be uniformly mixed by optimizing the ball milling mode and the parameter selection, the particle size is prevented from being too small in the ball milling process, and the powder performance is prevented from being reduced when the temperature is too high.
Preferably, the forward rotation speed and the reverse rotation speed in the ball milling process are the same, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in fig. 1, (a) is the morphology of nickel 45 powder under an electron microscope before ball milling, (b) is the morphology of niobium powder under an electron microscope before ball milling, and (c) is the morphology of niobium carbide powder under an electron microscope before ball milling, according to fig. 1, it can be seen that the particle size difference of nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder is larger before ball milling and the morphology of mutual encapsulation does not occur, and in fig. 2, the morphology of nickel 45 powder, niobium powder and niobium carbide powder which are uniformly mixed after ball milling and present small particle powder encapsulated large particle powder under an electron microscope is fully improved, the toughness of Ni45 is fully improved, a certain hardness is maintained, and the application range of Ni-based powder is enlarged.
The invention provides a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which is characterized in that a certain proportion of niobium and niobium carbide are added into nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium is a strong carbide forming element, the niobium carbide can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, the formation of coarse carbide is avoided, meanwhile, the niobium carbide has lower Gibbs free energy, the niobium carbide can preferentially grow in the molten pool, and meanwhile, the added niobium carbide with a certain proportion can play a role of dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, so that the increase of the plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based composite material is realized by a method of inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles, the defects of poorer plasticity and more complex preparation technology of the nickel-based composite material are overcome, and the prepared nickel-based composite coating is non-cracking and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Example 13
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for preparing the non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder according to the mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 into an atomizer, and preparing the mixed powder form of small particle powder and large particle powder coated by the small particle powder according to an air atomization or water atomization mode, wherein the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder. Wherein, because at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and the reinforced ceramic phase powder have larger particle size difference, the powder form of small-particle powder coated large-particle powder can be finally realized by uniformly mixing in an air atomization or water atomization mode.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. The nickel-based composite material is characterized in that raw materials of the nickel-based composite material comprise nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass part ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder and niobium boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m; the added niobium powder can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, so that coarse carbide is avoided, meanwhile, the added niobium carbide powder and/or niobium boride powder with a certain proportion plays a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the hardness of the alloy from being greatly reduced, and the method for inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles by preferentially combining the added niobium powder with carbon in the molten pool to generate niobium carbide is adopted, so that the toughness of the nickel-based composite material is increased.
2. The nickel-based composite material is characterized in that raw materials of the nickel-based composite material comprise nickel-based alloy powder, tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the powder particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the single particle size of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the single particle size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m; the added tantalum powder can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide, so that coarse carbide is avoided, meanwhile, the added tantalum carbide powder and/or tantalum boride powder with a certain proportion plays a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the hardness of the alloy from being greatly reduced, and the method for inhibiting the generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles by preferentially combining the added niobium powder with carbon in the molten pool to generate niobium carbide is adopted, so that the toughness of the nickel-based composite material is increased.
3. The nickel-based composite material is characterized in that raw materials of the nickel-based composite material comprise nickel-based alloy powder, a mixture of niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder in a mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6, wherein the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of each single particle of the niobium powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the niobium powder is 10-150 mu m, the particle size of each single particle of the tantalum powder is 4-6 mu m, the aggregation size of the tantalum powder is 10-150 mu m, the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder, the particle size of each single particle of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 1-4 mu m, and the aggregation size of the reinforced ceramic phase powder is 10-150 mu m; the added niobium powder and tantalum powder can be preferentially combined with carbon in a molten pool to generate niobium carbide and tantalum carbide, so that coarse carbide is avoided, at least one of the niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder with a certain proportion is added to play a role in dispersion strengthening to prevent the alloy hardness from being greatly reduced, and the method for inhibiting generation of coarse brittle phases and increasing heterogeneous nuclear particles by preferentially combining the added niobium powder with carbon in the molten pool is adopted to realize the increase of the plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based composite material.
4. The nickel-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nickel powder has a powder particle size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the niobium powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the niobium carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the niobium boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the niobium boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum powder has a single particle size of 4 to 5 μm, the tantalum powder has an aggregate size of 17 to 53 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, the tantalum carbide powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm, the tantalum boride powder has a single particle size of 2 to 3 μm, and the tantalum boride powder has an aggregate size of 10 to 20 μm.
5. A method of preparing the non-cracking, high wear and corrosion resistant nickel-based composite material of any one of claims 1-3, the method comprising:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder with the mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 200-260 minutes according to a ball milling mode of alternately cycling forward and reverse in turn, wherein the ball milling is started again after stopping for 3-6 minutes at intervals after each ball milling for 10-30 minutes, the forward rotation speed of the ball mill is 70-100 r/min and the reverse rotation speed of the ball mill is 70-100 r/min, and the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
6. The method for preparing a non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material according to claim 5, wherein ball milling is performed for 240 minutes according to a ball milling mode of alternately cycling in turn in forward rotation and reverse rotation, wherein ball milling is started again after stopping for 5 minutes every 20 minutes after stopping, and the forward rotation speed of the ball mill is 90 r/min and the reverse rotation speed of the ball mill is 90 r/min in the ball milling process.
7. The method for preparing the non-cracking high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance nickel-based composite material is characterized in that stainless steel ball grinding balls adopted in the ball milling process comprise big balls, middle balls and small balls with the mass ratio of 1-2:3-6:2-4, wherein the big balls, the middle balls and the small balls are three-size ball milling balls with the diameter sizes gradually decreasing, and the ball material ratio in the ball milling process is 5-15:1; the diameter of the large ball is 2 times larger than that of the middle ball and smaller than that of the middle ball, the diameter of the middle ball is 3 times larger than that of the small ball and smaller than that of the small ball, the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the large ball to the middle ball to the small ball in the stainless steel ball milling ball adopted in the ball milling process is 2:5:3.
8. The method for preparing the non-cracking high wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based composite material according to claim 7, wherein the forward rotation speed and the reverse rotation speed in the ball milling process are the same, and the nickel-based alloy powder, the niobium powder and the niobium carbide powder are uniformly mixed after ball milling treatment and are in a powder form of small-particle powder coated large-particle powder.
9. A method of preparing the non-cracking, high wear and corrosion resistant nickel-based composite material of any one of claims 1-3, the method comprising:
adding at least one of nickel-based alloy powder, niobium powder and tantalum powder and reinforced ceramic phase powder according to the mass ratio of 20-30:0.5-2:2-6 into an atomizer, and preparing the mixed powder form of small-particle powder coated large-particle powder according to an air atomization or water atomization mode, wherein the reinforced ceramic phase powder comprises at least one of niobium carbide powder, niobium boride powder, tantalum carbide powder and tantalum boride powder.
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