CN114690246B - Method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hill fault by three principle method - Google Patents
Method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hill fault by three principle method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical data processing and application-level geological comprehensive interpretation in the field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hill faults by using a three-principle method. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, calibrating a synthetic seismic record; step 2, explaining a skeleton section and a well passing section by combining well vibration; and 3, performing full three-dimensional fine interpretation. The invention is based on the following three principles: the method comprises the following steps of (1) three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring of a well connection; a second principle is that a well-connecting section and an earthquake skeleton section are comprehensively established to form an earthquake-stratum grid of a research area; thirdly, ensuring the rationality of fault interpretation by utilizing a plurality of attribute data volumes of SMT interpretation software; starting from a stress mechanism, combining drilling and three-dimensional seismic data, combining interpretation technologies of three different faults, effectively improving identification precision of various faults and optimizing a combination mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical data processing and application-level geological comprehensive interpretation in the field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hill faults by using a three-principle method.
Background
Since the exploration and development of the submarine mountain in the Shanxi area, the submarine mountain in the Shanxi area becomes the main matrix of carbonate reservoirs in the ancient world of the eastern exploration area of the victory oil field, eight kiloton wells are discovered in the same year, reserves are reported in the same year, and the capacity matrix is continuously expanded, and various characteristics indicate that the submarine mountain reservoirs in the Shanxi area have great potential. Especially, in the continuous stress stage of 2300 ten thousand tons of hard and stable annual oil production in the winning oil field, the oil reservoir with high yield and excellent reserve is used to influence the completion of strategic targets to a certain extent, so that the fine research of the oil reservoir is particularly important.
However, the submarine mountain in the pile-western region is influenced by superposition of multi-stage structural movements such as extrusion thrust in the support-Yanshan stage, sliding in the mountain-like stage, so that a multi-stress submarine mountain is formed, the difficulty of describing fault section tracking and fracture combination is high, various interpretation schemes are easy to form, and structural interpretation and recognition are influenced. Research on oil reservoirs of this type is mainly focused on prediction and description of geological features in China, and related documents are few for oil and gas reservoir law and specific development scheme design; previous studies on the ancient world down-hill in the western-pile area are focused on the aspects of down-hill structural evolution, reservoir formation effect, crack prediction and the like, and an effective method for fault identification is still lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hill faults by a three-principle method, which solves the problem that positive faults, reverse faults and sliding faults are difficult to identify under the background of simultaneous existence and mutual influence.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hill faults by a three-principle method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, calibrating a synthetic seismic record;
step 2, explaining a skeleton section and a well passing section by combining well vibration;
and 3, performing full three-dimensional fine interpretation.
Preferably, in step 1, a geological seismic structure interpretation database is built according to geological stratification and data statistics, well position coordinates, well logging data and seismic data, and then a synthetic seismic record calibration is performed.
Preferably, the method of synthetic seismic record calibration comprises: firstly, selecting wells with full well logging sections, deep drilling depths, full curves and uniform distribution of a target layer TO manufacture synthetic seismic records, and accurately finding out the corresponding relation between a main wave group and TO, T epsilon and TAr; then, properly correcting the acoustic logging curve by taking the time and thickness of the well side seismic channel as the standard, so as to ensure the best matching of the synthetic record and the well side seismic channel;
and then carrying out preliminary calibration, determining the approximate position of the target horizon, and then adopting different seismic wavelets to manufacture synthetic seismic records to carry out fine calibration on the target horizon.
Preferably, the method for calibrating the synthetic seismic record further comprises:
three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring of the well connection: on the basis of single well calibration, a plane multi-well point is adopted by a well-connected seismic section, longitudinal multi-layer system combined three-dimensional calibration is adopted, mutual restraint of inter-well and inter-layer calibration is realized, and through well-connected transverse comparison, the seismic horizon is restrained in turn, and the division of the seismic horizon is adjusted; according to the calibration result, determining the corresponding relation of the earthquake-geological horizon of the local area;
and (3) analyzing the time-depth relation of the target interval: for the speed of single well calibration, checking and verification are carried out, and the time-depth conversion is carried out under the control of a gradient speed field. Whether the average speed and the layer speed are accurate and reasonable or not can directly influence the calibration of the layer position and the timely deep conversion. Therefore, the speed calibrated by a single well is checked and verified to ensure the accuracy of the space speed field and the accuracy of reservoir prediction.
Further preferably, in a tandem seismic section, the composite recordings of a single well correspond well in both the lateral and longitudinal directions, with a consistent wave packet relationship.
In step 2, on the basis of single-well seismic fine calibration and three-dimensional calibration of a well connecting space, the well connecting section and the well passing section of the research area are explained, and the main geological layers of the whole area are unified through comprehensive comparison of the well connecting section and the seismic skeleton section, so that the seismic-stratum grid of the research area is comprehensively built by the well connecting section and the seismic skeleton section.
Preferably, in step 3, the full three-dimensional fine interpretation method includes: repeatedly browsing a series of vertical sections according to a certain direction, and knowing the fracture development rule, the spatial distribution characteristics and the mutual cutting relationship among all fractures; each level of faults is then interpreted and different faults are defined in different colours to facilitate spatially closing and tracking the faults.
Further, encrypting the interpretation grid by utilizing a plurality of attribute data volumes of SMT interpretation software; by elongating, amplifying and compressing the section, observing the advantages of any line, horizontal slice and coherent body, the contact relation between the fault position and stratum at two sides of the section is accurately calibrated, the multiple resolvability is reduced, and the fault interpretation result is more reasonable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method of the invention is based on three principles: the method comprises the following steps of (1) three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring of a well connection; a second principle is that a well-connecting section and an earthquake skeleton section are comprehensively established to form an earthquake-stratum grid of a research area; and thirdly, ensuring the rationality of fault interpretation by utilizing various attribute data volumes of SMT interpretation software. The method starts from a stress mechanism, combines drilling and three-dimensional seismic data, synthesizes interpretation technologies of three different faults, effectively improves the identification precision of various faults and the optimization of a combination mode, and is suitable for solving the problem that multi-stress down-the-hill faults are difficult to identify.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hill faults by implementing the three-principle method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a single well synthetic seismic record calibration;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of an excess well connection seismic section;
FIG. 4 is a comprehensive comparison of cross sections of a well-tie framework;
fig. 5 is a tomosynthesis interpretation and characterization: A. b, C are respectively different combination pattern analyses;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pile-western down-the-hill reverse-flushing fault interpretation scheme;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a horizontal slice of the mountain 2700ms in the Massa Medicata Fermentata region;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view along a layer coherence plane;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the spatial variation of the cross-section of the backbone in the sea-pile area;
fig. 10 is a graph of different fault closing point characteristics for perpendicular fault directions.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the inventive technique comprises the following steps:
step one, calibrating the synthetic seismic record. Horizon calibration is a key to construction interpretation and is also a bridge connecting earthquakes, well logging and geology. Only accurate phase calibration is possible to accurately describe the geometrical morphology and the spatial distribution rule of stratum interfaces and reservoirs by using seismic data. The zone horizon calibration is realized by taking drilling layering results as a basis, taking logging information as a bridge, taking a seismic profile as a basis, carrying out network pulling comparison through an omnibearing well-connecting profile, and carrying out repeated correction, supplement and geological layering data improvement.
According to geological stratification and data statistics, well position coordinates, well logging data and seismic data, a geological seismic structure interpretation database is built, and then seismic record calibration is synthesized.
The method for calibrating the synthetic seismic record comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting wells with full well logging sections, deep drilling depths, full curves and uniform distribution of a target layer TO manufacture synthetic seismic records, and accurately finding out the corresponding relation between a main wave group and TO, T epsilon and TAr; then, properly correcting the acoustic logging curve by taking the time and thickness of the well side seismic channel as the standard, so as to ensure the best matching of the synthetic record and the well side seismic channel;
(2) And (3) performing preliminary calibration, determining the approximate position of the target horizon, and then adopting different seismic wavelets to manufacture a synthetic seismic record to perform fine calibration on the target horizon.
(3) Three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring of the well connection: on the basis of single well calibration, a plane multi-well point is adopted by a well-connected seismic section, longitudinal multi-layer system combined three-dimensional calibration is adopted, mutual restraint of inter-well and inter-layer calibration is realized, and through well-connected transverse comparison, the seismic horizon is restrained in turn, and the division of the seismic horizon is adjusted; according to the calibration result, determining the corresponding relation of the earthquake-geological horizon of the local area; in a well-coupled seismic section, the composite recordings of a single well are good in correspondence and consistent in wave group relationship in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
(4) And (3) analyzing the time-depth relation of the target interval: for the speed of single well calibration, checking and verification are carried out, and the time-depth conversion is carried out under the control of a gradient speed field.
And secondly, explaining the well-connecting section and the well-passing section of the research area on the basis of the fine calibration of the single well earthquake and the three-dimensional calibration of the well-connecting space, and comprehensively comparing the well-connecting section with the seismic skeleton section to unify the main geological layers of the whole area and establish an earthquake-stratum grid of the research area.
And thirdly, performing full three-dimensional fine interpretation. The fault is on the vertical section, and visually reflects the characteristics of dislocation, distortion, abrupt change of amplitude and frequency of wave groups, different formation shapes at two sides of the fault, uncoordinated structural deformation, different formation thickness and the like. Firstly, a series of vertical sections are repeatedly browsed according to a certain direction, so that the fracture development rule, the spatial distribution characteristics and the mutual cutting relationship among the fractures can be known. Each level of faults is then interpreted and different faults are defined in different colours to facilitate spatially closing and tracking the faults. The SMT interpretation software is fully utilized, so that various attribute data bodies can be flexibly utilized, and the interpretation grid is encrypted; by stretching, amplifying, compressing the section, observing the advantages of any line, horizontal slice, coherent body and the like, the contact relation between the fault position and stratum at two sides of the section is accurately calibrated, the multiple resolvability is reduced, and the fault interpretation result is more reasonable.
Application example taking the fault of the Shanxi region as a research object, analyzing by adopting the method
Step one, synthetic seismic record calibration
On the basis of eliminating time difference factors, a wavelet curve is manufactured by combining logging data, and the relation between the morphology and the time depth is fully demonstrated with the three-dimensional earthquake, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, so that the calibration precision of the synthetic record is improved.
And secondly, explaining the well-connecting section and the well-passing section of the research area on the basis of the fine calibration of the single well earthquake and the three-dimensional calibration of the well-connecting space, and comprehensively comparing the well-connecting section with the seismic skeleton section to unify the main geological layers of the whole area and establish the earthquake-stratum grid of the research area as shown in fig. 4.
Third, full three-dimensional fine interpretation:
a specific explanation is shown in fig. 5A-C.
The method of the invention establishes the breaking pattern in the Shanxi region: a reverse (punching) fault pattern formed in the printing period and the tail stage of the Yanshan, a large negative reverse fault pattern formed in the early and middle stages of the Yanshan, and a sliding fault pattern formed in the mountain-like period. In the ancient world in the western area of stake, 25 faults are explained altogether, wherein 22 positive faults and 3 negative faults. The faults are mainly distributed in northwest and northeast directions, wherein the faults formed in the printing period are mainly distributed in the northwest direction and are distributed in parallel on a plane; the fault formed in the Yanshan period is mainly northwest to northeast and has an arc-shaped characteristic; the fault in the mountain-like period is mainly a northeast fault and a near eastern and western positive fault, and has the characteristics of long elongation and large fall. The three North-west reverse sections divide the Mangxi hidden mountain into three strips, and the North-east developed faults divide the three strips into a plurality of fault blocks respectively. Dividing the ancient buried hill structure into 3 structural areas and 16 broken blocks according to the top surface of the ancient buried hill and the internal structural form, the reference stratum distribution, the development degree and the like; as particularly shown in fig. 6-10.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for identifying multi-stress down-the-hole faults by a three-principle method is characterized in that the three principles are first principle, and three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring are carried out in a well connection mode; a second principle is that a well-connecting section and an earthquake skeleton section are comprehensively established to form an earthquake-stratum grid of a research area; thirdly, ensuring the rationality of fault interpretation by utilizing a plurality of attribute data volumes of SMT interpretation software; characterized in that the method comprises:
step 1, calibrating a synthetic seismic record;
step 2, explaining a skeleton section and a well passing section by combining well vibration;
step 3, full three-dimensional fine interpretation;
the method for calibrating the synthetic seismic record comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting wells with full well logging sections, deep drilling depths, full curves and uniform distribution of a target layer TO manufacture synthetic seismic records, and accurately finding out the corresponding relation between a main wave group and TO, T epsilon and TAr; then, properly correcting the acoustic logging curve by taking the time and thickness of the well side seismic channel as the standard, so as to ensure the best matching of the synthetic seismic record and the well side seismic channel;
then, carrying out preliminary calibration, determining the approximate position of a target horizon, and then adopting different seismic wavelets to manufacture synthetic seismic records to carry out fine calibration on the target horizon;
the method for calibrating the synthetic seismic record further comprises the following steps: three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring of the well connection: on the basis of single well calibration, a plane multi-well point is adopted by a well-connected seismic section, longitudinal multi-layer system combined three-dimensional calibration is adopted, mutual restraint of inter-well and inter-layer calibration is realized, and through well-connected transverse comparison, the seismic horizon is restrained in turn, and the division of the seismic horizon is adjusted; according to the calibration result, determining the corresponding relation of the earthquake-geological horizon of the local area;
and (3) analyzing the time-depth relation of the target interval: checking and verifying the speed of single well calibration, and performing time-depth conversion under the control of a gradient speed field;
in step 2, on the basis of single-well seismic fine calibration and three-dimensional calibration of a well connecting space, explaining a well connecting section and a well passing section of a research area, and comprehensively comparing the well connecting section with a seismic skeleton section to unify main geological layers of the whole area and establish a seismic-stratum grid of the research area;
encrypting the interpretation grid by utilizing a plurality of attribute data volumes of SMT interpretation software; by elongating, amplifying and compressing the section, observing the advantages of any line, horizontal slice and coherent body, the contact relation between the fault position and stratum at two sides of the section is accurately calibrated, the multiple resolvability is reduced, and the fault interpretation result is more reasonable.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, a geologic seismic structure interpretation database is built based on geologic stratification and data statistics, well location coordinates, well log data, seismic data, and then synthetic seismic record calibration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in a tandem seismic section, synthetic seismic recordings of individual wells correspond well to well, wave group relationships, both laterally and longitudinally.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the seismic-stratigraphic framework of the investigation region is established by comprehensively comparing the cross-well profile with the seismic skeleton profile, so that the main geological horizons of the whole region are unified, and no cross-axis is ensured.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the full three-dimensional fine interpretation method comprises: repeatedly browsing a series of vertical sections according to a certain direction, and knowing the fracture development rule, the spatial distribution characteristics and the mutual cutting relationship among all fractures; each level of faults is then interpreted and different faults are defined in different colours to facilitate spatially closing and tracking the faults.
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