CN114689794A - Water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
Water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114689794A CN114689794A CN202210167452.3A CN202210167452A CN114689794A CN 114689794 A CN114689794 A CN 114689794A CN 202210167452 A CN202210167452 A CN 202210167452A CN 114689794 A CN114689794 A CN 114689794A
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Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring device and a monitoring method for greenhouse gas flux in a water area, wherein the monitoring device comprises: the system comprises a flux box, a gas analyzer, a wind field monitoring module and a wind field disturbance module; the gas inlet end of the gas analyzer is communicated with the inside of the flux box and is used for monitoring the flux of the gas to be detected; the wind field monitoring module is provided with a wind meter and a disturbance server, the wind meter is used for monitoring a wind field signal outside the flux box, and the disturbance server is used for receiving the wind field signal and converting the wind field signal into a corresponding disturbance instruction; the wind field disturbance module is provided with a disturbance component which is suitable for extending into the water body, and the water body fluctuation in the coverage range of the flux box is interfered according to the received disturbance instruction. The invention fully considers the influence of the wind field (wind speed, wind direction and the like) on the gas exchange rate of the water-gas interface, the disturbance component simulates the disturbance of the wind field on the water body, and the monitoring precision of the gas flux is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of greenhouse gas monitoring, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring greenhouse gas flux in a water area.
Background
At present, the commonly adopted water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring method mainly comprises a buoyancy tank method, a gradient method, an inverted funnel method, a TDLAS method, a vorticity correlation method and the like; the buoyancy tank method has the advantages of simple principle, convenience in operation, high monitoring precision and the like, is widely applied to various relevant research neighborhoods, and meanwhile, a corresponding monitoring device of the buoyancy tank method is continuously improved.
A flow box with a sealed top is arranged on the surface of a water body, the bottom of the flow box is communicated, to-be-detected gases such as carbon dioxide and methane emitted by a surface water body in a diffusion mode are collected, the concentration of the to-be-detected gases in the flow box is measured at intervals, and the emission flux of the to-be-detected gases in a covered water area is calculated according to the change rate of the concentration along with time. In the early stage, the traditional buoyancy tank method is called as a static buoyancy tank method, and is characterized in that an air sample in a flux tank is collected on site and brought back to a laboratory, and then a gas chromatograph is used for measuring the concentration of gas to be measured in the sample, so that the labor intensity is high, and the gas analysis cost is high; with the development of gas analysis technology, a dynamic buoyancy tank method combining a flux tank and an online gas analysis technology appears, and the automatic and continuous observation of carbon dioxide and methane at a water-gas interface is realized.
The static buoyancy tank method and the dynamic buoyancy tank method are difficult to distinguish the influence of a wind field on the gas exchange rate of a water-gas interface, and particularly cause the problem of gas flux monitoring errors for a water area with large water flow velocity.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that monitoring errors are easily caused by wind field factors when a buoyancy tank method is used for monitoring gas flux in the prior art, thereby providing a water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device and a monitoring method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a device for monitoring greenhouse gas flux in a water area, comprising:
the flux box is used for floating on the surface layer of the water body to collect gas to be detected;
the gas analyzer is communicated with the inside of the flux box at a gas inlet end and is used for monitoring the flux of the gas to be detected;
the wind field monitoring module is provided with a wind meter and a disturbance server, and the wind meter is in signal connection with the disturbance server; the wind meter is used for monitoring a wind field signal outside the flux box, and the disturbance server is used for receiving the wind field signal and converting the wind field signal into a corresponding disturbance instruction;
the wind field disturbance module is arranged in the flux box and is in signal connection with the disturbance server; the wind field disturbance module is provided with a disturbance component which is suitable for extending into the water body, and the disturbance component interferes with the water body fluctuation in the coverage range of the flux box according to the received disturbance instruction.
Further, the perturbing member comprises:
the lifting rod is vertically and adjustably arranged inside the flux box, and one end of the lifting rod is suitable for extending into the water body;
the paddle can be connected to one end, suitable for extending into the water body, of the lifting rod in a swinging mode and is used for fluctuating the water body;
and the driver is in signal connection with the disturbance server and drives the blades to swing according to the disturbance instruction.
Furthermore, a mixing fan with adjustable rotating speed is arranged in the flux box, and the mixing fan drives the gas to be measured in the flux box to flow and mix through the rotation of the fan blades.
Furthermore, a temperature monitoring module is arranged in the flux box and used for monitoring the temperature in the flux box in real time.
Furthermore, a visual monitoring module is arranged in the flux box and used for monitoring the internal working condition of the flux box in real time.
Furthermore, a heat insulation layer is arranged on the outer wall of the flux box.
Furthermore, a floating frame used for floating on the surface layer of the water body is arranged on the flux box, and a plurality of movably arranged aligning blocks are arranged on the floating frame.
Furthermore, a plurality of fixing rings are uniformly distributed on the top edge and the bottom edge of the flux box respectively and are used for being connected with a traction rope to control the floating position of the flux box.
A method for monitoring greenhouse gas flux in a water area by using the monitoring device of any one of the above schemes comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring an external monitoring water area wind field, starting a wind meter and a disturbance server, measuring a wind field signal near a water area to be monitored, and extracting monitoring data of a real-time wind direction and a wind speed of the wind field; synchronously uploading the monitoring data to a disturbance server, and converting the monitoring data into a disturbance instruction by the disturbance server;
step two: debugging disturbance setting in the flux box, adjusting the water penetration depth of the lifting rod, and enabling the flux box to float on the surface layer of the water body of the water area to be detected; starting a driver, and controlling the blades to swing in the water body by the driver according to the received disturbance instruction;
step three: adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing fan in the flux box to adapt to the monitoring precision of the gas analyzer;
step four: monitoring the working condition in the flux box, monitoring the working state of each component in the flux box in real time through a visual monitoring module, and finely adjusting the working condition until the working condition is stable; monitoring the temperature change in the flux box in real time through a temperature monitoring module; if the temperature in the flux box is higher than the preset temperature, lifting the flux box, emptying for heat dissipation, and turning to the step of readjusting and arranging the two pairs of flux boxes;
step five: measuring the gas flux of the water-gas interface, starting a gas analyzer, recording the gas content change in a flux box in an effective monitoring time period through the gas analyzer, and calculating the water-gas interface gas flux F of the greenhouse gas according to the following formula;
F＝(S1×f1×f2×f4×V)/(S2×f3)；
wherein S1 is the concentration change rate of the gas to be measured in the flux box, S2 is the feasible area of the gas exchange interface of the flux box communicated with the floating water area, V is the gas volume in the flux box, and f1 is the unit mu L.L-1To a volume mass of μ g.m-3The conversion coefficient of (1), f2 is a time conversion coefficient, f3 is a mass conversion coefficient, and f4 is a wind field disturbance correction coefficient, wherein the wind field disturbance correction coefficient is determined by a corresponding curve of the actual wind speed of a wind field and the disturbance of a blade.
Further, the bottom opening of the flux box is opened up and left empty for a period of time before the setting of perturbations in the flux box is commissioned.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device provided by the invention, the wind meter is in signal connection with the disturbance component through the disturbance server, and a wind field signal is converted into a disturbance instruction, so that the disturbance component simulates the disturbance of a wind field to a water body. According to the monitoring device, in the gas flux monitoring process, the influence of a wind field (wind speed, wind direction and the like) on the gas exchange rate of the water-gas interface is fully considered, and the monitoring precision of the gas flux is effectively improved.
2. The water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the mixing fan with adjustable rotating speed can accelerate the flow exchange of the gas to be detected in the flux box so as to adapt to the sensitivity of a gas analyzer, shorten the monitoring time and improve the monitoring efficiency.
3. According to the water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device provided by the invention, the temperature in the flux box is monitored in real time by the temperature monitoring module, the temperature in the box is adjusted in time, and the gas exchange rate of a water-gas interface is prevented from being influenced by the temperature in the box, so that the monitoring precision of the gas flux is further influenced.
4. The water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the visual monitoring module is arranged, so that whether the components such as the mixing fan in the box normally operate or not can be monitored, whether underwater organisms influence the gas exchange rate of a water-gas interface or not can be monitored, the monitoring plan can be adjusted in time, errors are reduced, and the monitoring cost is saved.
5. The water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device provided by the invention is provided with the heat insulation layer, so that the gas exchange rate of a water-gas interface is prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature in the box due to solar irradiation.
6. The water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring method provided by the invention is characterized in that before the disturbance setting in the flux box is debugged, the flux box is subjected to emptying treatment to discharge part of gas in the box and reduce the concentration of the gas in the box, so that the phenomenon that the gas in the water cannot enter the box due to overhigh concentration is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for monitoring greenhouse gas flux in a water area provided in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring flux of greenhouse gases in a water area according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring flux of greenhouse gases in a water area according to the second embodiment.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a flux box; 2. a gas analyzer; 3. a wind meter; 4. a perturbation server; 5. a display screen; 6. a lifting rod; 7. a paddle; 8. a slideway; 9. a manual valve; 10. a continuously variable transmission; 11. an electrodeless direction changer; 12. a blending fan; 13. mixing a frequency conversion box; 14. a temperature monitoring module; 15. a vision monitoring module; 16. an external power supply; 17. a floating frame; 18. a centering block; 19. and (4) fixing the ring.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The waters greenhouse gas flux monitoring device provided in this embodiment includes: the device comprises a flux box 1, a gas analyzer 2, a wind field monitoring module and a wind field disturbance module.
As shown in fig. 1, the flux box 1 is used for floating on the surface layer of a water body to collect gas to be measured; the gas inlet end of a gas analyzer 2 is communicated with the interior of the flux box 1, and the gas analyzer 2 is used for monitoring the flux of the gas to be detected; the wind field monitoring module is provided with a wind meter 3 and a disturbance server 4, and the wind meter 3 is in signal connection with the disturbance server 4; the wind meter 3 is used for monitoring a wind field signal outside the flux box 1, and the disturbance server 4 is used for receiving the wind field signal and converting the wind field signal into a corresponding disturbance instruction; the wind field disturbance module is arranged in the flux box 1 and is in signal connection with the disturbance server 4; the wind field disturbance module is provided with a disturbance component suitable for extending into the water body, and the disturbance component interferes in the water body fluctuation in the range covered by the flux box 1 according to the received disturbance instruction.
Wherein, the inside of the flux box 1 is hollow, the bottom is open, and the top is sealed. The top of the flux box 1 is provided with a through hole, an air pipe is inserted in the through hole, and the air inlet end of the gas analyzer 2 is connected with the air pipe so as to realize the communication between the gas analyzer 2 and the flux box 1. The flux box 1 may be of any shape, and in the present embodiment is of a cylindrical structure.
The disturbance server 4 is provided with a display screen 5 for displaying monitoring data, and wind field signals can be visually checked through the display screen 5.
In this embodiment, the anemoscope 3 is in signal connection with the disturbance component through the disturbance server 4, and the wind field signal is converted into a disturbance instruction, so that the disturbance component simulates the disturbance of the wind field to the water body. According to the monitoring device, in the gas flux monitoring process, the influence of a wind field (wind speed, wind direction and the like) on the gas exchange rate of the water-gas interface is fully considered, and the monitoring precision of the gas flux is effectively improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the perturbing member comprises: a lifting rod 6, a paddle 7 and a driver; the lifting rod 6 is vertically and adjustably arranged inside the flux box 1, and one end of the lifting rod 6 is suitable for extending into the water body; the paddle 7 is connected to one end, suitable for extending into the water body, of the lifting rod 6 in a swinging mode, and the paddle 7 is used for fluctuating the water body; the driver is in signal connection with the disturbance server 4, and the driver drives the blade 7 to swing according to a disturbance instruction.
Specifically, a plurality of vertically arranged slideways 8 are installed on the inner wall of the flux box 1, and the slideways 8 are arranged around the circumferential inner wall of the flux box 1 at equal intervals; the lifting rods 6 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the slide ways 8, and the lifting rods 6 can be connected to the slide ways 8 in a vertically moving mode; the lifting rod 6 is connected with the slideway 8 through a manual valve 9, the lifting rod 6 is controlled to move along the slideway 8 through the manual valve 9, and the specific position of the lifting rod 6 on the slideway 8 is locked.
Specifically, a first rotating shaft which is axially and rotatably arranged is arranged at one end of the lifting rod 6, which is far away from the top of the flux box 1, and the paddle 7 is connected to the first rotating shaft through a swing seat; the swing seat is provided with a second rotating shaft perpendicular to the first rotating shaft, and the paddle 7 is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft. The paddle 7 swings about the second rotation shaft, and the swing direction of the paddle 7 is changed by the rotation of the first rotation shaft.
Specifically, the driver comprises a stepless speed changing box 10 and a stepless direction changing device 11, and the stepless speed changing box 10 and the stepless direction changing device 11 uniformly disturb the signal connection of the server 4; the continuously variable transmission 10 is used for driving the paddle 7 to swing around the second rotating shaft and adjusting the swing speed of the paddle 7 in real time according to the disturbance instruction; the stepless direction changer 11 is used for driving the first rotating shaft to axially rotate and realizing real-time adjustment of the circumferential angle of the swing seat according to a disturbance instruction.
As shown in fig. 1, a blending fan 12 with an adjustable rotation speed is arranged in the flow box 1, and the blending fan 12 causes the gas to be measured in the flow box 1 to flow and blend through the rotation of the fan blades.
Specifically, a dilution and frequency conversion box 13 matched with the dilution fan 12 is installed in the flux box 1, and the dilution and frequency conversion box 13 is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the dilution fan 12.
In this embodiment, the mixing fan 12 with an adjustable rotation speed can accelerate the flow exchange of the gas to be measured in the flux box 1 to adapt to the sensitivity of the gas analyzer 2, shorten the monitoring time, and improve the monitoring efficiency.
As shown in fig. 1, a temperature monitoring module 14 is disposed in the flux box 1, and the temperature monitoring module 14 is configured to monitor the temperature in the flux box 1 in real time. The temperature monitoring module 14 is specifically a temperature sensor, and the temperature monitoring module 14 is in signal connection with the disturbance server 4, uploads a temperature signal to the disturbance server 4, and displays the temperature signal through the display screen 5.
In this embodiment, the temperature monitoring module 14 monitors the temperature in the flux box 1 in real time, adjusts the temperature in the box in time, and avoids the influence of the temperature in the box on the gas exchange rate of the water-gas interface, thereby influencing the monitoring precision of the gas flux.
As shown in fig. 1, a vision monitoring module 15 is arranged in the flux box 1, and the vision monitoring module 15 is used for monitoring the internal working condition of the flux box 1 in real time. The vision monitoring module 15 is a miniature camera, the vision monitoring module 15 is in signal connection with the disturbance server 4, content pictures in the flux box 1 are uploaded to the disturbance server 4, and the content pictures are displayed through the display screen 5.
In this embodiment, the vision monitoring module 15 may not only monitor whether the components such as the blending fan 12 and the blades 7 in the tank are normally operated, but also monitor whether underwater organisms (such as aquatic plants, fish, shrimps, etc.) affect the gas exchange rate of the water-air interface, and adjust the monitoring plan in time, thereby reducing errors and saving the monitoring cost.
As shown in fig. 1, an external power supply 16 is disposed at the top of the flux box 1, and the external power supply 16 supplies power to the temperature monitoring module 14, the vision monitoring module 15, the blending frequency conversion box 13, the continuously variable transmission 10 and the continuously variable direction changer 11. The top of the flux box 1 is provided with a plurality of threading holes, electric wires enable an external power supply 16 to be electrically connected with each electric element in the box through the threading holes, and the threading holes and the electric wires are sealed by gap filling materials. The external power supply 16 has a dashboard for displaying the remaining power to estimate the time of use.
In this embodiment, the outer wall of the flux box 1 is provided with a heat insulation layer to prevent the gas exchange rate of the water-gas interface from being affected by the overhigh temperature in the box due to the solar radiation.
As shown in fig. 1, a floating frame 17 for floating on the surface layer of the water body is arranged on the flux box 1, and a plurality of movably arranged centering blocks 18 are arranged on the floating frame 17; the centering block 18 is made of metal, and the floating frame 17 is made of nonmetal. In the process of placing the flux box 1, the floating frame 17 stably floats on the surface layer of the water body by adjusting the position of the centering block 18, so that the phenomenon of side turning is avoided.
As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of fixing rings 19 are respectively distributed on the top edge and the bottom edge of the flux box 1, and the fixing rings 19 are used for connecting a pulling rope to control the floating position of the flux box 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for monitoring greenhouse gas flux in a water area, which considers the influence of wind field factors and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring an external monitoring water area wind field: starting the anemoscope 3 and the disturbance server 4, measuring a wind field signal near a water area to be monitored, and extracting real-time wind direction and wind speed monitoring data of the wind field; and synchronously uploading the monitoring data to the disturbance server 4, and converting the monitoring data into a disturbance instruction by the disturbance server 4.
Step two: setting disturbance in the debugging flux box 1: adjusting the water inlet depth of the lifting rod 6, and floating the flux box 1 on the surface layer of the water body of the water area to be measured; and starting a driver, and controlling the blades 7 to swing in the water body by the driver according to the received disturbance instruction.
Wherein, before debugging the disturbance setting in the flux box 1, the bottom opening of the flux box 1 is opened upwards and is emptied for a period of time; so as to exhaust part of the gas in the box and reduce the gas concentration in the box, and avoid that the gas in the water body can not enter the box due to overhigh concentration.
Step three: the rotating speed of the mixing fan 12 in the flux box 1 is adjusted to adapt to the monitoring precision of the gas analyzer 2;
step four: monitoring the working condition in the flux box 1: the working state of each component in the flux box 1 is monitored in real time through a visual monitoring module 15, and the working condition is finely adjusted to be stable; the temperature change in the flux box 1 is monitored in real time through the temperature monitoring module 14; if the temperature in the flux box 1 is higher than the temperature of the water body, the flux box 1 is lifted, emptied for heat dissipation, and the step is switched to two pairs of flux boxes 1 for readjustment and arrangement.
Step five: measuring the gas flux of the water-gas interface: starting a gas analyzer 2, recording the gas content change in a flux box 1 in an effective monitoring time period through the gas analyzer 2, and calculating the gas flux F of the water-gas interface of the greenhouse gas according to the following formula;
F＝(S1×f1×f2×f4×V)/(S2×f3)；
wherein S1 is the concentration change rate of the gas to be measured in the flux box 1, S2 is the feasible area of the gas exchange interface of the flux box 1 communicated with the floating water area, V is the gas volume in the flux box 1, and f1 is the unit mu L.L-1To a volume mass of μ g.m-3The conversion coefficient of (2), f2 is a time conversion coefficient, f3 is a mass conversion coefficient, and f4 is a wind field disturbance correction coefficient which is determined by a corresponding curve of the actual wind speed of the wind field and the disturbance of the blades 7.
In this example, the water-gas interface gas flux of the greenhouse gas is primarily for methane and carbon dioxide; the conversion factor for methane was 655.47. mu.g.m-3The carbon dioxide conversion factor was 1798.45. mu.g.m-3(ii) a Unit of V is m3F2 is the conversion factor in units of seconds to hours, and f3 is the conversion factor in units of μ g to mg.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for monitoring greenhouse gas flux in a water area, which does not consider the influence of wind field factors and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the flux box 1 to enter a simplified mode, and retracting the lifting rod 6 by using a manual control valve 9 until the paddle 7 is positioned in the slideway 8; opening the bottom of the flux box 1 upwards, emptying for a period of time, and then flatly placing the flux box on the surface layer of the water body;
step two: the rotating speed of the mixing fan 12 in the flux box 1 is adjusted to adapt to the monitoring precision of the gas analyzer 2;
step three: monitoring the working condition in the flux box 1: the working state of each component in the flux box 1 is monitored in real time through a visual monitoring module 15 and is finely adjusted to be stable in working condition; the temperature change in the flux box 1 is monitored in real time through the temperature monitoring module 14; if the temperature in the flux box 1 is higher than the preset temperature, the flux box 1 is lifted, emptied and radiated, and the step is switched to the step to readjust and arrange the flux box 1.
Wherein, the preset temperature is determined by the water temperature and the air temperature of the monitored water area.
Step four: measuring the gas flux of the water-gas interface: starting a gas analyzer 2, recording the gas content change in a flux box 1 in an effective monitoring time period through the gas analyzer 2, and calculating the gas flux F of the water-gas interface of the greenhouse gas according to the following formula;
F＝(S1×f1×f2×f4×V)/(S2×f3)；
wherein S1 is the concentration change rate of the gas to be measured in the flux box 1, S2 is the feasible area of the gas exchange interface of the flux box 1 communicated with the floating water area, V is the gas volume in the flux box 1, and f1 is the unit mu L.L-1To a volume mass of μ g.m-3F2 is the time conversion factor, f3 is the mass conversion factor, and f4 is 1.
In this example, the water-gas interface gas flux of the greenhouse gas is primarily for methane and carbon dioxide; the conversion factor for methane was 655.47. mu.g.m-3The carbon dioxide conversion factor was 1798.45. mu.g.m-3(ii) a Unit of V is m3F2 is the conversion factor in units of seconds to hours, and f3 is the conversion factor in units of μ g to mg.
In the embodiment, the influence of wind field factors is not considered, namely the method is applied to monitoring of a small area of a wind field or a water area with a relatively static water body.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring apparatus, comprising:
the flux box (1) is used for floating on the surface layer of the water body to collect gas to be measured;
a gas analyzer (2), the gas inlet end of which is communicated with the interior of the flux box (1), wherein the gas analyzer (2) is used for monitoring the flux of the gas to be measured;
the wind field monitoring module is provided with a wind meter (3) and a disturbance server (4), and the wind meter (3) is in signal connection with the disturbance server (4); the wind meter (3) is used for monitoring a wind field signal outside the flux box (1), and the disturbance server (4) is used for receiving the wind field signal and converting the wind field signal into a corresponding disturbance instruction;
the wind field disturbance module is arranged in the flux box (1) and is in signal connection with the disturbance server (4); the wind field disturbance module is provided with a disturbance component which is suitable for extending into the water body, and the disturbance component interferes with the water body fluctuation in the coverage range of the flux box (1) according to the received disturbance instruction.
2. The water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the perturbation assembly comprises:
the lifting rod (6) is vertically and adjustably arranged inside the flux box (1), and one end of the lifting rod (6) is suitable for extending into the water body;
the paddle (7) is connected to one end, suitable for extending into the water body, of the lifting rod (6) in a swinging mode, and the paddle (7) is used for fluctuating the water body;
the driver is in signal connection with the disturbance server (4) and drives the blades (7) to swing according to a disturbance instruction.
3. A water greenhouse gas flux monitoring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a blending fan (12) with adjustable rotation speed is arranged in the flux box (1), and the blending fan (12) causes the gas to be measured in the flux box (1) to flow and blend through the rotation of fan blades.
4. A water body greenhouse gas flux monitoring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a temperature monitoring module (14) is arranged in the flux box (1), the temperature monitoring module (14) is used for monitoring the temperature in the flux box (1) in real time.
5. A water body greenhouse gas flux monitoring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a visual monitoring module (15) is arranged in the flux box (1), the visual monitoring module (15) is used for monitoring the internal working condition of the flux box (1) in real time.
6. A water area greenhouse gas flux monitoring device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the outer wall of the flux box (1) is provided with a heat insulating layer.
7. A water body greenhouse gas flux monitoring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the flux box (1) is provided with a floating frame (17) for floating on the surface layer of the water body, and the floating frame (17) is provided with a plurality of movably arranged aligning blocks (18).
8. The device for monitoring flux of greenhouse gases in water area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flux box (1) has a plurality of fixing rings (19) distributed on the top and bottom edges thereof, respectively, and the fixing rings (19) are used for connecting a hauling rope to control the floating position of the flux box (1).
9. A method for monitoring greenhouse gas flux in a water area, which is characterized by using the monitoring device as claimed in any one of claims 1-8 to monitor greenhouse gas flux in the water area, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring an external monitoring water area wind field, starting a wind meter (3) and a disturbance server (4), measuring a wind field signal near a water area to be monitored, and extracting real-time wind direction and wind speed monitoring data of the wind field; synchronously uploading the monitoring data to a disturbance server (4), and converting the monitoring data into a disturbance instruction by the disturbance server (4);
step two: debugging disturbance setting in the flux box (1), adjusting the water penetration depth of the lifting rod (6), and enabling the flux box (1) to float on the surface layer of the water body of the water area to be measured; starting a driver, and controlling the blades (7) to swing in the water body by the driver according to the received disturbance instruction;
step three: adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing fan (12) in the flux box (1) to adapt to the monitoring precision of the gas analyzer (2);
step four: monitoring the working condition in the flux box (1), monitoring the working state of each component in the flux box (1) in real time through a visual monitoring module (15), and finely adjusting to be stable in the working condition; monitoring the temperature change in the flux box (1) in real time through a temperature monitoring module (14); if the temperature in the flux box (1) is higher than the preset temperature, lifting the flux box (1), emptying for heat dissipation, and turning to the step of readjusting and arranging the flux box (1);
step five: measuring the gas flux of the water-gas interface, starting a gas analyzer (2), recording the gas content change in a flux box (1) in an effective monitoring time period through the gas analyzer (2), and calculating the gas flux F of the water-gas interface of the greenhouse gas according to the following formula;
F＝(S1×f1×f2×f4×V)/(S2×f3)；
wherein S1 is the concentration change rate of the gas to be measured in the flux box (1), S2 is the feasible area of a gas exchange interface of the flux box (1) communicated with a floating water area, V is the gas volume in the flux box (1), and f1 is a unit mu L.L-1To a volume mass of μ g.m-3F2 is a time conversion coefficient, f3 is a mass conversion coefficient, and f4 is a wind field disturbance correction coefficient, wherein the wind field disturbance correction coefficient is determined by a corresponding curve of the actual wind speed of a wind field and the disturbance and the movement of the blades (7).
10. A water body greenhouse gas flux monitoring method as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the bottom opening of the flux box (1) is opened upwards and left empty for a while before the disturbance setting in the flux box (1) is adjusted.
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