CN114683624A - 一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,包括多层复合板材本体,所述多层复合板材本体由第一外层、内层、第二外层、玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯弹性层构成;制备时放置模具;依次制作熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料、改性超高分子量聚乙烯、改性母粒超高分子量聚乙烯熔液、熔融的玻璃纤维、熔融的聚氨酯弹性;然后依次向模具投放各个材料。该基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,解决由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强树脂构成的内层染色性差,内层不着色的问题,通过共挤复合材料的工艺制造,多层复合板材层与层之间无需粘合剂,所以不存在残留溶剂,无异味。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合板材技术领域,具体为一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维简称UHMWPE纤维,又叫做高强高模聚乙烯纤维,是分子量150万以上的无支链的线性聚乙烯,它和碳纤维、芳纶合称为“世界三大高科技纤维”,它是将分子量在100万以上的聚乙烯进行纺丝和高倍牵伸而制成的纤维,具有优良的力学性能,其密度只有芳纶纤维的三分之二和高模碳纤维的二分之一,还具有优良的耐冲击性能、优良的耐化学腐蚀性能以及良好的电绝缘性,在航空航天、军事工业等重要部门得到广泛的应用,基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制作的复合板材今年来多用于飞机内饰、火车的外部车身覆盖件、建筑装饰、家具表面包覆层、特种包装箱体外壳等,其特点为强度高、韧性好、环保可回收利用,在工业和民用领域有着较广泛的应用前景;
通过纤维增强热塑性复合材料和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制作复合板材,具有良好的成型性能,如授权公告号为CN108407421A的中国发明提出的一种易于热成型的轻质高抗冲高模量多层复合板材及其制备方法,包括复合板材本体;该复合板材本体由两层或多层结构的复合层板材复合而成;本发明将轻质抗冲的超高分子量聚乙烯层和高模量的纤维增强热塑性复合材料相结合,并通过热压方式可制备大尺寸的板材产品;该复合材料板材兼具了超高分子量聚乙烯的高强高抗冲性能以及刚性纤维增强复合材料的轻质高模量的特性;同时由于采用的刚性纤维为短切或长纤维,在加热加压的条件下具有良好的成型性能;
但现有的基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材仍存在以下问题;
1、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维上不存在染基因,其浸润性差,染料很难渗透到纤维内部,导致它染色性差,大多复合板材中的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层露出在外界,使得超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层与其他层颜色不一致,影响板材质量;
2、多层复合板材在制作时,需要在各层设置粘合剂,粘合剂的使用使得板材制作时存在残留溶剂,工作环境中含有异味,影响工作人员的身体健康的问题,因此,我们提出一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,以便于解决上述中提出的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的现有的基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材,超高分子量聚乙烯纤维上不存在染基因,其浸润性差,染料很难渗透到纤维内部,导致它染色性差,大多复合板材中的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层露出在外界,使得超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层与其他层颜色不一致,影响板材质量,多层复合板材在制作时,需要在各层设置粘合剂,粘合剂的使用使得板材制作时存在残留溶剂,工作环境中含有异味,影响工作人员的身体健康的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,所述基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材包括多层复合板材本体,所述多层复合板材本体由第一外层、内层、第二外层、玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯弹性层构成,第一外层和第二外层均为纤维增强热塑性复合材料层,内层为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强树脂层;
所述基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材的制备方法为:
步骤一:将板材模具放置在加工平台上,通过水平仪检测模具放置的平整度;
步骤二:将纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料投入搅拌机内搅拌,使得纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料充分混合之后,将混料投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,接着再将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入挤出机内;
步骤三:将超高分子量聚乙烯原材料和内部改性有机化纳米磷酸盐、抗氧剂投入搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中混炼造粒得到改性母粒;
步骤四:将改性母粒超高分子量聚乙烯、外部改性剂氟弹性体在高速搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融纺丝,经水浴冷却得到初生纤维,接着初生纤维进行拉伸,将拉伸后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,然后将熔融状态的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入挤出机内;
步骤五:将玻璃纤维原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内;
步骤六:将聚氨酯弹性原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内;
步骤七:通过挤出机将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入模具内,纤维增强热塑性复合材料内投放量达到要求之后,形成盒状结构的第一外层;
步骤八:通过挤出机将熔融的玻璃纤维投入第一外层内,接着再投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料,然后通过挤出机将熔融的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入盒状结构的纤维增强热塑性复合材料内,形成内部呈蜂窝状结构的内层,然后再依次投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料和熔融的玻璃纤维;
步骤九:接着在玻璃纤维的外侧投放熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料,纤维增强热塑性复合材料铺在玻璃纤维上,形成第二外层;
步骤十:关闭模具的加热功能,然后通过冷却设备冷却模具,使得由第一外层、内层、第二外层、玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯弹性层构成的多层复合板材本体成型。
优选的,所述第一外层呈盒状结构,且内层的外侧面与第一外层的内侧面贴合。
优选的,所述第一外层的长宽尺寸等于第二外层的长宽尺寸。
优选的,所述第一外层、内层、第二外层、玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯弹性层投放在模具内时,在模具外设置震动设备,震动设备轻度震动模具,震出材料内的空气。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:该基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,解决由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强树脂构成的内层染色性差,内层不着色的问题,通过共挤复合材料的工艺制造,多层复合板材层与层之间无需粘合剂,所以不存在残留溶剂,无异味;
1.设置有第一外层和第二外层,第一外层第二外层均为纤维增强热塑性复合材料层,纤维增强热塑性复合材料与染色剂混合,制作所需要的颜色,盒状结构的第一外层和第二外层包裹内层, 解决由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强树脂构成的内层染色性差的问题;
2.设置有第一外层、内层和第二外层,第一外层、内层和第二外层制作时,使用共挤复合材料的工艺制造第一外层、内层和第二外层,通过挤出机依次向模具投入纤维增强热塑性复合材料、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强树脂和纤维增强热塑性复合材料,经过冷却后成型,使得该基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材层与层之间无需粘合剂,所以不存在残留溶剂,无异味,且内层的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为蜂窝状结构,提高该复合板材的隔音性能;
3.设置有玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯弹性层,玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯弹性层在内层的上下方均有设置,且玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯弹性层位于第一外层和第二外层的内侧,利用玻璃纤维层提高复合板材的抗变形能力,通过聚氨酯弹性层增加抗冲击性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构示意图;
图2为本发明正视剖切结构示意图;
图3为本发明内层与第一外层连接整体结构示意图。
图中:1、多层复合板材本体;2、第一外层;3、内层;4、第二外层;5、玻璃纤维层;6、聚氨酯弹性层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-3,本发明提供一种技术方案:一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材包括多层复合板材本体1,多层复合板材本体1由第一外层2、内层3、第二外层4、玻璃纤维层5和聚氨酯弹性层6构成,第一外层2和第二外层4均为纤维增强热塑性复合材料层,内层3为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强树脂层;
基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材的制备方法为:
步骤一:将板材模具放置在加工平台上,通过水平仪检测模具放置的平整度;
步骤二:将纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料投入搅拌机内搅拌,使得纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料充分混合之后,将混料投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,接着再将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入挤出机内;
步骤三:将超高分子量聚乙烯原材料和内部改性有机化纳米磷酸盐、抗氧剂投入搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中混炼造粒得到改性母粒;
步骤四:将改性母粒超高分子量聚乙烯、外部改性剂氟弹性体在高速搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融纺丝,经水浴冷却得到初生纤维,接着初生纤维进行拉伸,将拉伸后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,然后将熔融状态的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入挤出机内;
步骤五:将玻璃纤维原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内;
步骤六:将聚氨酯弹性原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内;
步骤七:通过挤出机将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入模具内,纤维增强热塑性复合材料内投放量达到要求之后,形成盒状结构的第一外层2;
步骤八:通过挤出机将熔融的玻璃纤维投入第一外层2内,接着再投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料,然后通过挤出机将熔融的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入盒状结构的纤维增强热塑性复合材料内,形成内部呈蜂窝状结构的内层3,然后再依次投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料和熔融的玻璃纤维;
步骤九:接着在玻璃纤维的外侧投放熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料,纤维增强热塑性复合材料铺在玻璃纤维上,形成第二外层4;
步骤十:关闭模具的加热功能,然后通过冷却设备冷却模具,使得由第一外层2、内层3、第二外层4、玻璃纤维层5和聚氨酯弹性层6构成的多层复合板材本体1成型;
第一外层2呈盒状结构,且内层3的外侧面与第一外层2的内侧面贴合,利用第一外层2和第二外层4包裹材料,第一外层2的长宽尺寸等于第二外层4的长宽尺寸,第一外层2、内层3、第二外层4、玻璃纤维层5和聚氨酯弹性层6投放在模具内时,在模具外设置震动设备,震动设备轻度震动模具,震出材料内的空气,提升板材质量;
加工时,将板材模具放置在加工平台上,通过水平仪检测模具放置的平整度;
将纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料投入搅拌机内搅拌,使得纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料充分混合之后,将混料投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,接着再将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入挤出机内;
将超高分子量聚乙烯原材料和内部改性有机化纳米磷酸盐、抗氧剂投入搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中混炼造粒得到改性母粒;
将改性母粒超高分子量聚乙烯、外部改性剂氟弹性体在高速搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融纺丝,经水浴冷却得到初生纤维,接着初生纤维进行拉伸,将拉伸后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,然后将熔融状态的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入挤出机内;
将玻璃纤维原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内,将聚氨酯弹性原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内;
通过挤出机将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入模具内,纤维增强热塑性复合材料内投放量达到要求之后,形成盒状结构的第一外层2;
通过挤出机将熔融的玻璃纤维投入第一外层2内,接着再投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料,然后通过挤出机将熔融的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入盒状结构的纤维增强热塑性复合材料内,形成内部呈蜂窝状结构的内层3,然后再依次投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料和熔融的玻璃纤维,接着在玻璃纤维的外侧投放熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料,纤维增强热塑性复合材料铺在玻璃纤维上,形成第二外层4,投放时打开旁侧的震动结构,震动模具,震出材料内的气体;
然后关闭模具的加热功能,然后通过冷却设备冷却模具,使得由第一外层2、内层3、第二外层4、玻璃纤维层5和聚氨酯弹性层6构成的多层复合板材本体1成型,以上便完成该基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法的一系列操作,本说明中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
本发明使用到的标准零件均可以从市场上购买,异形件根据说明书的和附图的记载均可以进行订制,各个零件的具体连接方式均采用现有技术中成熟的螺栓、铆钉、焊接等常规手段,机械、零件和设备均采用现有技术中,常规的型号,加上电路连接采用现有技术中常规的连接方式,在此不再详述。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材包括多层复合板材本体(1),所述多层复合板材本体(1)由第一外层(2)、内层(3)、第二外层(4)、玻璃纤维层(5)和聚氨酯弹性层(6)构成,第一外层(2)和第二外层(4)均为纤维增强热塑性复合材料层,内层(3)为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强树脂层;
所述基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材的制备方法为:
步骤一:将板材模具放置在加工平台上,通过水平仪检测模具放置的平整度;
步骤二:将纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料投入搅拌机内搅拌,使得纤维增强热塑性复合材料、加工助剂和染料等充分混合之后,将混料投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,接着再将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入挤出机内;
步骤三:将超高分子量聚乙烯原材料和内部改性有机化纳米磷酸盐、抗氧剂投入搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中混炼造粒得到改性母粒;
步骤四:将改性母粒超高分子量聚乙烯、外部改性剂氟弹性体在高速搅拌机内充分混合,然后加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融纺丝,经水浴冷却得到初生纤维,接着初生纤维进行拉伸,将拉伸后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入熔融设备内形成熔融状态,然后将熔融状态的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入挤出机内;
步骤五:将玻璃纤维原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内;
步骤六:将聚氨酯弹性原料投入熔融设备内加热,然后投入挤出机内;
步骤七:通过挤出机将熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料投入模具内,纤维增强热塑性复合材料内投放量达到要求之后,形成盒状结构的第一外层(2);
步骤八:通过挤出机将熔融的玻璃纤维投入第一外层(2)内,接着再投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料,然后通过挤出机将熔融的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维投入盒状结构的纤维增强热塑性复合材料内,形成内部呈蜂窝状结构的内层(3),然后再依次投放熔融的聚氨酯弹性材料和熔融的玻璃纤维;
步骤九:接着在玻璃纤维的外侧投放熔融的纤维增强热塑性复合材料,纤维增强热塑性复合材料铺在玻璃纤维上,形成第二外层(4);
步骤十:关闭模具的加热功能,然后通过冷却设备冷却模具,使得由第一外层(2)、内层(3)、第二外层(4)、玻璃纤维层(5)和聚氨酯弹性层(6)构成的多层复合板材本体(1)成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一外层(2)呈盒状结构,且内层(3)的外侧面与第一外层(2)的内侧面贴合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一外层(2)的长宽尺寸等于第二外层(4)的长宽尺寸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的多层复合板材及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一外层(2)、内层(3)、第二外层(4)、玻璃纤维层(5)和聚氨酯弹性层(6)投放在模具内时,在模具外设置震动设备,震动设备轻度震动模具,震出材料内的空气。
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