CN114682644A - 一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及焊丝拉拔工艺技术领域，尤其涉及一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺。传统的焊丝冷拉工艺需要多次重复热处理、酸洗、碱洗的过程，加工周期较长，加工损耗较大。基于上述问题，本发明提供一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺，其整个过程不需要经过多次热处理、酸洗、碱洗，通过控制焊丝在整个拉拔过程中的起始温度和拉拔速度，使得焊丝从最后一个拉丝模具出来时的温度不低于50℃的情况下，所获焊丝的抗拉强度和延伸率不低于传统多道次冷拉拔工艺所达到的性能，有效缩短了加工周期较长，降低了加工损耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及焊丝拉拔工艺技术领域，尤其涉及一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺。
背景技术
焊丝受到外力作用，由大到小，从粗变细，在形变中会产生应力，当焊丝内部的应力无法消除且超出材质承受力时，材质会自然开裂或断裂，严重影响产率和质量。为了消除焊丝拉拔过程中的应力，一般会在拉拔过程中增加通过加热、保温的工序。
传统的焊丝冷拉工艺是将材质坯料冷拉加工一道、规格变小一次，然后热处理、酸洗、碱洗、修磨，再冷拉加工一道，规格再变小一次，再进行热处理酸洗、碱洗、修磨，重复数次之后，材质才能由坯料加工为成品。其加工周期较长，加工损耗较大，成本也高。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明要解决的技术问题是：传统的焊丝冷拉工艺需要多次重复热处理、酸洗、碱洗、修磨的过程，加工周期较长，加工损耗较大。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：本发明提供一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)将直径φ＝6.5-8mm的镍基焊丝坯料置于井式加热炉进行热处理，热处理温度为650±50℃，热处理时间为1-2h；
(2)热处理完成后，对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，之后将镍基焊丝的温度加热至300±20℃，保温30-40min，然后对其润滑后进行拉拔，总减面率为95％-97％，通过控制拉拔的速度，使得焊丝经6个孔径递减的拉丝模具减面后的表面温度保持在50℃以上；
(3)拉拔后的焊丝在空气中冷却至室温，即得到成品镍基焊丝。
具体地，所述镍基焊丝的牌号为ERNiCrMo-3丝。
具体地，所述拉拔的速度为3-5m/s。
具体地，所述酸洗是按照1:1:1混合的25％的硫酸、5％的硝酸和5％的氢氟酸，或者是按照1:1混合的13％的硝酸和8％的氢氟酸，酸洗时间为10-25min。
具体地，所述碱洗所用的碱洗液是质量浓度为15-20g/l的NaOH水溶液，碱洗温度为700℃，碱洗时间10-20min。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明通过不断摸索尝试发现，通过控制焊丝在整个拉拔过程中的起始温度和拉拔速度，使得焊丝从最后一个拉丝模具出来时的温度不低于50℃的情况下，整个拉拔过程不需要经过多次热处理、酸洗、碱洗，所获焊丝的抗拉强度和延伸率也能达到传统多道次冷拉拔工艺所达到的力学性能，有效缩短了加工周期较长，降低了加工损耗。
具体实施方式
现在结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明以下实施例所采用的6个拉丝模具的孔径依次分别为Φ5.8、Φ4.5、Φ3.4、Φ2.7、Φ2.0、Φ1.4。
本发明以下实施例中酸洗所用的酸洗液是按照1:1:1混合的25％的硫酸、5％的硝酸和5％的氢氟酸，或者是按照1:1混合的13％的硝酸和8％的氢氟酸，酸洗时间为10-25min。
本发明以下实施例中碱洗所用的碱洗液是质量浓度为15-20g/l的NaOH水溶液，碱洗温度为700℃，碱洗时间10-20min。
本发明以下实施例中所使用的润滑剂以质量百分含量计，由40％石墨粉、50％石灰粉、10％000#润滑脂组成。
实施例1
(1)将直径φ＝6.5mm的H08Mn2SiA焊丝坯料置于井式真空热处理炉进行热处理，热处理温度为650℃，热处理时间为1.5h；
(2)热处理完成后，对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，之后将焊丝加热至300℃并恒定保温30min，然后对其润滑后进行拉拔，控制拉拔的速度3m/s，焊丝经6个孔径递减的拉丝模具进行减面，焊丝从最后一个拉丝模具出来时的温度为52℃；
(3)拉拔后的焊丝成品在空气中冷却至室温，即得到成品焊丝。
实施例2
将直径φ＝6.5mm的H08Mn2SiA焊丝坯料置于井式真空热处理炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为600℃，热处理时间为2h；
(2)热处理完成后，对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，之后将焊丝加热至300℃并恒定保温40min，然后对其润滑后进行拉拔，控制拉拔的速度为4m/s，焊丝经6个孔径递减的拉丝模具进行减面，焊丝从最后一个拉丝模具出来时的温度为62℃；
(3)拉拔后的成品焊丝在空气中冷却至室温，即得到成品焊丝。
实施例3
将直径φ＝6.5mm的4J36精密合金丝坯料置于井式真空热处理炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为650℃，热处理时间为1.5h；
(2)热处理完成后，对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，之后将焊丝加热至300℃并恒定保温35min，然后对其润滑后进行拉拔，控制拉拔的速度5m/s，焊丝经6个孔径递减的拉丝模具进行减面，焊丝从最后一个拉丝模具出来时的温度为70℃；
(3)拉拔后的成品焊丝在空气中冷却至室温，即得到成品焊丝。
实施例4
将直径φ＝6.5mm的4J36精密合金丝坯料置于井式真空热处理炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为680℃，热处理时间为1h；
(2)热处理完成后，对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，之后将焊丝加热至300℃并恒定保温40min，然后对其润滑后进行拉拔，控制拉拔的速度为3m/s，焊丝经6个孔径递减的拉丝模具进行减面，焊丝从最后一个拉丝模具出来时的温度为51℃；
(3)拉拔后的成品焊丝在空气中冷却至室温，即得到成品焊丝。
对比例1同实施例1，不同之处在于，对比例1的拉拔速度降低至0.5m/s，导致焊丝焊丝从第六个拉丝模具出来时的温度为35℃。
对比例2同实施例1，不同之处在于，对比例2中的焊丝按照传统方式进行冷拉拔，具体过程如下：
将直径φ＝6.5mm的H08Mn2SiA焊丝坯料置于井式真空热处理炉中，650℃下恒温热处理1.5h，然后对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥、润滑，经第一个拉丝孔模具进行减面处理，然后再将其置于井式真空热处理炉，650℃下恒温热处理1.5h，然后对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，然后将焊丝经过第二个拉丝孔模具继续进行减面处理，然后将焊丝置于井式真空热处理炉中，650℃下恒温热处理1.5h，然后再进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，重复以上步骤，直至焊丝通过第六个拉丝孔模具进行减面处理，得到焊丝成品。
对比例3同实施例4，不同之处在于，对比例3中的焊丝按照传统方式进行冷拉拔，具体过程如下：
将直径φ6.5mm的4J36精密合金丝置于井式真空热处理炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为680℃，热处理时间为1h；
然后对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥、润滑，然后经第一个拉丝孔模具进行减面处理，然后再将其置于井式真空热处理炉，680℃下恒温热处理1h，然后对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，然后将焊丝经过第二个拉丝孔模具继续进行减面处理，然后将焊丝置于井式真空热处理炉中，680℃下恒温热处理1h，然后再进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，重复以上步骤，直至焊丝通过第六个拉丝孔模具进行减面处理，得到焊丝成品。
对比例4同实施例1，不同之处在于，对比例4所采用的镍基焊丝牌号为ENiCrMo-3。
性能测试：
对实施例1-4以及对比例1-4所获焊丝产品进行相关性能测试。
焊丝的抗拉强度和延伸率：测试标准GB/T 5117-1995。
具体测试结果见表1。
表1
| 测试项 | 抗拉强度(MPa) | 延伸率(％) |
| 实施例1 | 1360 | 20 |
| 实施例2 | 1420 | 21 |
| 实施例3 | 1450 | 25 |
| 实施例4 | 1450 | 25 |
| 对比例1 | 1300 | 15 |
| 对比例2 | 1361 | 20 |
| 对比例3 | 1448 | 23 |
| 对比例4 | 1210 | 10 |
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺，其特征在于，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)将直径φ＝6.5-8mm的镍基焊丝坯料置于井式加热炉进行热处理，热处理温度为650±50℃，热处理时间为1-2h；
(2)热处理完成后，对焊丝进行酸洗、碱洗、高压水洗、干燥，之后将镍基焊丝的温度加热至300±20℃，保温30-40min，然后对其润滑后进行拉拔，总减面率为95％-97％，控制拉拔的速度，使得焊丝经6个孔径递减的拉丝模具减面后的表面温度保持在50℃以上；
(3)拉拔后的焊丝在空气中冷却至室温，即得到成品镍基焊丝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺，其特征在于，所述镍基焊丝的牌号为ERNiCrMo-3丝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺，其特征在于，所述拉拔的速度为3-5m/s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺，其特征在于，所述酸洗所用的酸洗液是按照1:1:1混合的25％的硫酸、5％的硝酸和5％的氢氟酸，或者是按照1:1混合的13％的硝酸和8％的氢氟酸，酸洗时间为10-25min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种镍基焊丝拉拔工艺，其特征在于，所述碱洗所用的碱洗液是质量浓度为15-20g/l的NaOH水溶液，碱洗温度为700℃，碱洗时间10-20min。
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