CN114681396A - 一种磁性中药纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种磁性中药纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种磁性中药纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用,涉及抗肿瘤药物技术领域。本发明所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶包括由中药类多糖和生物医用聚合物材料形成的凝胶,以及分散于所述凝胶中二维纳米材料,所述二维纳米材料表面负载有磁性纳米材料和化疗药物分子。本发明所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶由化学修饰、组装、共混结合等过程获取稳定有序的凝胶结构,可对皮下肿瘤局部应用,基于对激光与磁场的迅速响应,在磁热与光热升温后形成凝胶状态,进一步于肿瘤区域缓释药物分子与治疗材料,协同光磁治疗、化疗以及中药多糖的免疫调节与抗炎抑菌作用。此外,该凝胶可单次大剂量使用,在体内经安全降解、未产生显著副作用,具有极佳的临床发展潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗肿瘤药物技术领域,尤其涉及一种磁性中药纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
当前针对恶性肿瘤的常规治疗方法包括手术、放疗、化疗等,均呈现出诸多缺陷:手术创伤大,且存在术后转移和复发风险;化疗、放疗在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,由于缺乏靶向性也会导致正常细胞损伤,毒副作用高且难以根治肿瘤;中药虽然可有效提高病患免疫力,能够增加化疗效果、减轻毒副作用,但中药疗程长、疗效慢、单独应用效果不明显。因此,市场急需具有新型治疗机制的抗肿瘤药物。
近些年来,基于蓬勃发展的纳米技术开发多功能纳米药物成为抗肿瘤领域的一个重要研究方向。纳米药物展示出不同于传统药物的尺寸效应、表面效应、光磁效应等优良性能。如磁性纳米药物,能够在交变磁场内因弛豫损耗或磁滞损耗而产热升温,通过热疗杀灭肿瘤细胞;二维纳米材料如黑磷纳米材料能够在不同波段的光照下分别利用等离子效应发挥光热升温作用,以及通过光敏化作用生成活性氧自由基物质,对肿瘤组织进行双重光学治疗,且最终分解成为膦酸盐为机体正常吸收排泄,生物相容性良好,极具临床应用前景。但这两种纳米材料同样存在直接填充病灶或瘤周注射时靶向性不足、单独治疗效果有限等问题,需结合化疗等手段共同治疗。如黄精多糖、石斛多糖、黄芪多糖等具有补气养阴,健脾,润肺,益肾等功能,有极高的应用价值且在相关癌症治疗领域已得到效果验证。但需要更精细的制剂工程才能实现中草药的高质量发展。因此,基于以上几种优势药物形成多功能的纳米治疗平台,有望推动临床肿瘤治疗的进步。
在新兴的肿瘤治疗技术中,由于光学和磁学治疗展示出无侵入性、无辐射性、外部远程调控、精准定位及瞬时响应等独特优势,逐渐为临床研究者所关注。因此开发安全高效的光磁治疗药物具有重大的临床价值。二维纳米材料具有极高的比表面积、宽且可调的带隙,在可见光至近红外光区均有良好的响应,是理想的光疗剂;磁性纳米颗粒具有优异的磁学响应性能和生物相容性,是良好的磁热剂。但二者单独的光热转化效率以及磁热吸收率尚不能直接消融肿瘤,易产生耐药性并发生肿瘤迁移;且在体内应用中难以实现靶向聚集,从而无法达到有效的抗肿瘤效果。需进一步结合其他功能组分,构建多功能协同的药物系统,有望实现对肿瘤的彻底根除。
发明内容
为此,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中抗肿瘤药物直接填充病灶或瘤周注射时靶向性不足、耐药性强、肿瘤易迁移、单独治疗效果有限等问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种磁性中药纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用。由生物医用聚合物材料形成的凝胶制剂可特定聚集在病灶区域,持续缓慢分解,是极佳的缓控释药物载体。首先利用二维纳米材料的高比表面积,良好负载磁性纳米材料和化疗药物分子,再将其包覆于生物医用聚合物和中药类多糖中形成稳定的凝胶体系。该磁性中药纳米凝胶具有显著的光学与磁学响应性能,能够局部富集于皮肤肿瘤伤口处,经光磁升温后成凝胶态限域在肿瘤区域不向周围组织扩散,进而缓慢持续释放中药类多糖、化疗药物分子、二维纳米材料与磁性纳米颗粒,分别利用免疫调节、化疗与光磁效应对肿瘤病区进行多层次协同治疗,避免了耐药性与肿瘤迁移的发生。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种磁性中药纳米凝胶,所述磁性中药纳米凝胶包括由中药类多糖和生物医用聚合物材料形成的凝胶,以及分散于所述凝胶中二维纳米材料,所述二维纳米材料表面负载有磁性纳米材料和化疗药物分子。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述中药类多糖选自黄精多糖、黄芪多糖和石斛多糖中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述生物医用聚合物材料选自透明质酸、医用几丁糖、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述二维纳米材料选自黑磷、二硫化钼和MXene 中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述磁性纳米材料选自四氧化三铁、伽马三氧化二铁、氢氧化氧铁、四氧化三钴、三氧化二钴、铁酸锰、铁酸锌、铁酸钴、铁酸镍、四氧化三锰和二氧化锰中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述化疗药物分子选自顺铂、博来霉素、羟喜树碱、阿霉素和鬼臼毒素中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述中药类多糖、生物医用聚合物材料和二维纳米材料的物质的量比为1:1-6:80-200。利用中药类多糖与生物医用聚合物材料修饰在共载了磁性纳米材料和化疗药物分子的二维纳米材料表面,形成有序的凝胶网络结构,能够将各种纳米组分均匀稳定地限制在凝胶内部,一定程度防御外部影响,不易泄露外排,使得凝胶只在逐渐降解过程中释放出各个组分。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述二维纳米材料、磁性纳米材料和化疗药物分子的物质的量比为0.1-10:1:10-100。利用化学键偶联或静电自组装作用,将磁性纳米材料与化疗药物分子共同负载于二维纳米材料之上,形成较为稳定均匀的结构,利于凝胶的形成与组分的缓控释放。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤,将所述磁性纳米材料和所述化疗药物分子负载于所述二维纳米材料上,再外部包覆所述中药类多糖和所述生物医用聚合物材料,得到所述磁性中药纳米凝胶。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤,
S1、向磁性纳米材料溶液中加入化疗药物分子,20-45℃下搅拌2-5h,经分离提纯,得到混合液;
S2、向S1步骤所述的混合液中加入二维纳米材料分散液,超声0.5-1.5h后,采用7500-8500r/min的转速离心4-6min,弃上层清液,得到沉淀物;
S3、将S2步骤所述的沉淀物加水重新分散后,加入生物医用聚合物材料和中药类多糖的混合溶液,25-50℃下搅拌3-6h,得到所述磁性中药纳米凝胶。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种所述磁性中药纳米凝胶在制备治疗肿瘤药物中的应用。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述药物通过直接填充病灶或注射瘤周的方式进行给药。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其饱和磁化强度在220-310emu/g(以铁计),近红外光热转换效率在35-50%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,其在热疗温度下可达到相同储存模量与损耗模量值为500-1500Pa,黏度为35000-65000mPa·s。
本发明的技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点:
(1)本发明所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶将磁性纳米颗粒与化疗药物分子共同负载于二维纳米材料上,形成有序稳定的纳米组装体,与单独的磁性纳米颗粒与二维纳米材料相比,具有更高的饱和磁化强度值与光热转换效率,光磁响应的性能大大提高。
(2)本发明所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶由中药类多糖、生物医用聚合物材料与二维纳米载体三组分以合适的比例有序组装形成,能够在热疗温度下实现溶胶-凝胶转换,从而限制在肿瘤区域发挥作用,靶向抗肿瘤的同时极大降低毒副作用。
(3)本发明所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶由化学修饰、组装、共混结合等过程获取稳定有序的凝胶结构,可对皮下肿瘤局部应用,基于对激光与磁场的迅速响应,在磁热与光热升温后形成凝胶状态,进一步于肿瘤区域缓释药物分子与治疗材料,协同光磁治疗、化疗以及中药多糖的免疫调节与抗炎抑菌作用,可在3周内实现对皮下荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的靶向有效根除。此外,该凝胶可单次大剂量使用,在体内经安全降解、对小鼠未产生显著副作用,具有极佳的临床发展潜力。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解,下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明作进一步详细的说明,其中:
图1为本发明磁性中药纳米凝胶的制备及作用机制示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1中的应用磁性中药凝胶治疗后的荷瘤小鼠照片。
图3为本发明实施例1中的不同组别治疗过程中的小鼠体重变化曲线图。
图4为本发明测试例1中的磁性中药纳米凝胶,二维纳米材料和磁性纳米颗粒的光热升温曲线图。
图5为本发明测试例2中的磁性中药纳米凝胶与磁性纳米颗粒的磁滞回线图。
图6为本发明测试例2中的磁性中药纳米凝胶与磁性纳米颗粒负载化疗药物的磁热升温曲线图。
图7为本发明测试例3中的磁性中药纳米凝胶(不同铁含量)在光磁作用后的红外热成像及实物图。
图8为本发明测试例4中的磁性中药纳米凝胶随温度变化的粘度曲线图。
图9为本发明测试例4中的磁性中药纳米凝胶随温度变化的溶胶-凝胶曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
参照图1所示,透明质酸与黄精多糖包覆黑磷共载铁酸锰纳米粒与羟基喜树碱凝胶的制备及对小鼠皮下肿瘤的光磁治疗、化疗与免疫协同治疗,具体包括以下步骤:
取通过高温热解法制备出的铁酸锰纳米粒的正己烷分散液(尺寸10-15nm,铁含量5mg/mL,10mL),加入二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇的二氯甲烷溶液(50mg/mL,5mL)中,加入羟基喜树碱(5mg),室温下搅拌5h。真空旋蒸除去有机溶剂,加入水得到负载羟基喜树碱的铁酸锰纳米粒水溶液A。取溶液A(铁含量4mg/mL,5mL)与黑磷纳米片水分散液(磷含量0.2mg/mL,5mL) 混合,室温下超声1h后离心(8000r/min,5min),倾去上部清液。底部沉淀加水重新分散,加入透明质酸与黄精多糖的混合液(透明质酸与黄精多糖的加入量分别为600mg和200mg),30℃下机械搅拌5h制备得到磁性中药纳米凝胶,在经光照与磁场作用后纳米凝胶会缓慢释放各个治疗组分,凝胶制备过程与作用机制过程见图1。
将皮下荷瘤小鼠分为以下治疗组:1.磁性纳米粒治疗组;2.黑磷纳米片治疗组;3.羟基喜树碱治疗组;4.凝胶药物治疗组。取相应的治疗药物(1mL,铁含量5mg/mL或磷含量0.5mg/mL或化疗分子1μmol/L)注射入小鼠皮下肿瘤内。 30min后依次开启近红外光(808nm,1W/cm2)与交变磁场感应设备(780kHz, 10A)进行光磁治疗各5min。每隔3天进行一次光磁治疗。每隔2天称量小鼠体重并量取肿瘤体积,直至2周治疗周期结束,可观察到应用磁性凝胶的光磁治疗组小鼠的肿瘤完全消失(图2),而且各个组别的小鼠体重变化趋势与幅度基本一致(图3),展示出该凝胶材料优异的抗肿瘤效果和良好的生物安全性。
实施例2
海藻酸钠与石斛多糖包覆二硫化钼共载四氧化三铁纳米粒与阿霉素凝胶的制备及对小鼠皮下肿瘤的光磁治疗、化疗与免疫协同治疗,具体包括以下步骤:
取通过化学共沉淀法制备出的四氧化三铁纳米粒的水溶液(尺寸5-10nm,铁含量5mg/mL,10mL),加入盐酸阿霉素(5mg),40℃下搅拌3h。透析 24h后得水溶液A。取溶液A(铁含量2mg/mL,5mL)与二硫化钼纳米片水分散液(钼含量0.1mg/mL,5mL)混合,室温下超声1h后离心(8000r/min, 5min),倾去上部清液。底部沉淀加水重新分散,加入海藻酸钠与石斛多糖的混合液(海藻酸钠与石斛多糖的加入质量分别为800mg和200mg),50℃下机械搅拌3h制备得到磁性中药纳米凝胶。
将皮下荷瘤小鼠分为以下治疗组:1.磁性纳米粒治疗组;2.二硫化钼纳米片治疗组;3.阿霉素治疗组;4.凝胶药物治疗组。取相应的治疗药物(1mL,铁含量5mg/mL或钼含量0.5mg/mL或化疗分子1μmol/L)注射入小鼠皮下肿瘤内。30min后依次开启近红外光(808nm,1W/cm2)与交变磁场感应设备(780kHz, 10A)进行光磁治疗各5min。每隔3天进行一次光磁治疗。每隔2天称量小鼠体重并量取肿瘤体积,直至3周治疗周期结束,可观察到应用磁性凝胶的光磁治疗组小鼠的肿瘤完全消失,而且各个组别的小鼠体重变化趋势一致,展示出该凝胶材料优异的抗肿瘤效果和良好的生物安全性。
实施例3
医用几丁糖与黄芪多糖包覆黑磷共载铁酸钴纳米粒与鬼臼毒素凝胶的制备及对小鼠皮下肿瘤的光磁治疗、化疗与免疫协同治疗,具体包括以下步骤:
取通过水热法制备出的铁酸钴纳米粒的水溶液(尺寸30-50nm,铁含量5 mg/mL,10mL),加入鬼臼毒素(5mg),40℃下搅拌2h。透析24h后得水溶液A。取溶液A(铁含量2mg/mL,5mL)与黑磷纳米片水分散液(磷含量 0.15mg/mL,5mL)混合,室温下超声1h后离心(8000r/min,5min),倾去上部清液。底部沉淀加水重新分散,加入医用几丁糖与黄芪多糖的混合液(医用几丁糖与黄芪多糖的加入质量分别为700mg和200mg),室温下机械搅拌6 h制备得到磁性中药纳米凝胶。
将皮下荷瘤小鼠分为以下治疗组:1.磁性纳米粒治疗组;2.黑磷纳米片治疗组;3.鬼臼毒素治疗组;4.凝胶药物治疗组。取相应的治疗药物(1mL,铁含量 5mg/mL或磷含量0.5mg/mL或化疗分子1μmol/L)注射入小鼠皮下肿瘤内。30 min后依次开启近红外光(808nm,1W/cm2)与交变磁场感应设备(780kHz, 10A)进行光磁治疗各5min。每隔3天进行一次光磁治疗。每隔2天称量小鼠体重并量取肿瘤体积,直至3周治疗周期结束,可观察到应用磁性凝胶的光磁治疗组小鼠的肿瘤完全消失,而且各个组别的小鼠体重变化趋势一致,展示出该凝胶材料优异的抗肿瘤效果和良好的生物安全性。
测试例1
对实施例1制备的磁性中药纳米凝胶进行进行光学响应性能测试,使用近红外激光器(镭仕光电科技,808nm,1W/cm2)照射5min,在此期间记录温度变化情况;再撤去激光,记录5min内温度变化情况。根据以下物理量,并由公式1,2和3计算出光热转换效率值,如图4所示。
τ代表采样系统的时间常数,ms和Cs分别是热质量和溶剂的比热容。T可由公式3算出:
从图4可以看出,二维纳米材料与磁性纳米颗粒的光热转换效率分别仅为 33.6%和19.6%,而磁性纳米凝胶可达42.8%,说明磁性纳米凝胶具有良好的光热治疗性能。
测试例2
对实施例1制备的磁性中药纳米凝胶进行磁学响应性能测试。首先测试磁滞回线:将样品封装入胶囊中,安装在测试杆上,使用物性测量综合系统 (Quantum Design PPMS-9)记录随磁场强度变化的磁滞回线,如图5所示,根据样品的铁含量由设备计算出饱和磁化强度值。其次测试磁热升温曲线:将样品置于交变磁场发生器(SPG-06-Ⅳ)的感应线圈中心,插入光纤测温探头,开启设备,记录450s内的温度变化,绘制随温度变化的磁热升温曲线,如图6所示。从图5可看出,磁性纳米颗粒的饱和磁化强度仅为80emu/g铁左右,而磁性纳米凝胶则达到了约260emu/g铁;从图6可看出,磁性纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下仅能升至34℃,而同等浓度的磁性纳米凝胶则能够在450s的短时间升至46℃,达到合格的热疗温度。因此,基于以上结果可知磁性纳米凝胶具有极佳的磁学响应性能,体现出良好的磁热治疗性能。
测试例3
对实施例1制备的磁性中药纳米凝胶使用红外热成像仪拍摄光磁作用后的温度照片。将3种不同铁含量的磁性中药纳米凝胶依次经近红外光(808nm,1 W/cm2)照射5min和交变磁场作用(780kHz,10A)5min后,分别拍摄温度照片与实物照片。由图7可看出,3种铁含量的磁性中药纳米凝胶均能达到有效热疗温度,且在光磁作用后形成了凝胶状态,适用于进行局部的肿瘤光磁治疗。
测试例4
对实施例1制备的磁性中药纳米凝胶进行流变学性质的测试。启动旋转变温流变仪(MCR302),热机30min后,打开电脑准备测试。初始化软件,安装匹配的转子,将样品溶液(1mL)用移液枪滴加在测试台上,选择随温度变化的弹性模量测试的模块,设定温度范围在20-60℃,进行检测并记录数据,绘制出粘度变化曲线(图8)与模量变化曲线(图9)。由图8可看出纳米凝胶随温度升高而粘度逐渐下降,在热疗温度43℃左右仍保持大于40000mPa·s的粘度值,体现出良好的局部应用特性。由图9可看出,在接近热疗温度43℃时储存模量与损耗模量出现交叉,即出现了溶胶-凝胶转变,说明该凝胶结构能够成功形成,适于局部缓控释应用。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述磁性中药纳米凝胶包括由中药类多糖和生物医用聚合物材料形成的凝胶,以及分散于所述凝胶中二维纳米材料,所述二维纳米材料表面负载有磁性纳米材料和化疗药物分子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述中药类多糖选自黄精多糖、黄芪多糖和石斛多糖中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述生物医用聚合物材料选自透明质酸、医用几丁糖、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述二维纳米材料选自黑磷、二硫化钼和MXene中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述磁性纳米材料选自四氧化三铁、伽马三氧化二铁、氢氧化氧铁、四氧化三钴、三氧化二钴、铁酸锰、铁酸锌、铁酸钴、铁酸镍、四氧化三锰和二氧化锰中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述化疗药物分子选自顺铂、博来霉素、羟喜树碱、阿霉素和鬼臼毒素中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述中药类多糖、生物医用聚合物材料和二维纳米材料的物质的量比为1:1-6:80-200。
8.根据权利要求1所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶,其特征在于,所述二维纳米材料、磁性纳米材料和化疗药物分子的物质的量比为0.1-10:1:10-100。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的磁性中药纳米凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
S1、向磁性纳米材料溶液中加入化疗药物分子,20-45℃下搅拌2-5h,经分离提纯,得到混合液;
S2、向S1步骤所述的混合液中加入二维纳米材料分散液,超声0.5-1.5h后,采用7500-8500r/min的转速离心4-6min,弃上层清液,得到沉淀物;
S3、将S2步骤所述的沉淀物加水重新分散后,加入生物医用聚合物材料和中药类多糖的混合溶液,25-50℃下搅拌3-6h,得到所述磁性中药纳米凝胶。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述磁性中药纳米凝胶在制备治疗肿瘤药物中的应用。
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