CN114675347A

CN114675347A - Real-time flood forecasting system and method for medium and small rivers

Info

Publication number: CN114675347A
Application number: CN202210281700.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭慧芳; 张吉祥; 王军
Original assignee: Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-03-21
Filing date: 2022-03-21
Publication date: 2022-06-28
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-21
Also published as: CN114675347B

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time flood forecasting system and method for medium and small rivers, which comprises a console, forecasting stations and a flood discharge device, wherein the console is in wireless communication connection with the forecasting stations and the flood discharge device, the forecasting stations are distributed along a main river and branch rivers, and the flood discharge device is arranged at the downstream end of the main river. The method comprises the following steps: measuring and drawing, forecasting station distribution and installation, flood discharge device installation, flood forecasting and flood discharge. The method can monitor the water flow speed and the water level height of the branch river and the main river in real time, play a role in forecasting flood discharge, and greatly improve the precision and the processing efficiency of forecasting the medium and small rivers.

Description

Real-time flood forecasting system and method for medium and small rivers

Technical Field

The invention relates to a real-time flood forecasting system and method for medium and small rivers.

Background

The middle and small rivers are mostly located in hilly areas with data shortage, and flood caused by the middle and small rivers has the following characteristics:

1. the small and medium river watersheds are often lack of resources, a forecasting model or method based on data driving is difficult to apply, and the traditional experience forecasting method based on duration flood or a watershed hydrological forecasting model based on continuous meteorological hydrological data is difficult to effectively apply.

2. The flood burst of medium and small rivers is strong, and the flood forecast period is short.

3. The flood of medium and small rivers often takes place at night, and the time of flood emergence is difficult to grasp.

4. Short convergence time and wide distribution, and no specification can be relied on.

The flood forecasting of the medium and small rivers mainly aims at early warning and forecasting, and the forecasting mode mainly aims at automatic forecasting, so that timely early warning is realized, casualties are avoided to the greatest extent, and disaster loss is reduced.

The current flood forecasting systems for medium and small rivers only play a role in flood forecasting, flood discharging or other treatment cannot be carried out on flood, and casualties are easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a technical scheme of a real-time flood forecasting system and a real-time flood forecasting method for medium and small rivers aiming at the defects of the prior art, and through the design of a forecasting station, the water flow speed and the water level height of the branch river and the main river can be monitored in real time, when the detected data is larger than the flood threshold value, the control console can control the flood discharge device to be opened, the water in the main river is discharged through the flood discharge device to play a role in forecasting the flood discharge, the precision and the treatment efficiency of forecasting the medium and small rivers are greatly improved, the forecasting method not only can solve the problems of strong flood burst, short flood forecasting period, resource shortage and large time control difficulty of medium and small rivers, and flood discharge treatment can be carried out while forecasting, so that the safety of medium and small rivers when flood occurs is greatly improved, and the property and personal safety of people are protected.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers is characterized in that: the system comprises a console, forecast stations and a flood discharge device, wherein the console is in wireless communication connection with the forecast stations and the flood discharge device; through the design of forecast station, can carry out real-time supervision with the water velocity and the water level height of branch river and main river, when the data that detect are greater than the flood threshold value, can control the flood discharge device through the control cabinet and open, carry out the flood discharge with the water in the main river through the flood discharge device and handle, play the effect of forecast flood discharge, improved the precision and the treatment effeciency of medium and small river forecast greatly.

Further, the forecast station includes the tower body, the top of tower body is provided with solar panel, first wireless signal transceiver and controller, be equipped with the current storage box in the tower body, controller and solar panel, first wireless signal transceiver and current storage box electric connection, design through solar panel, can be with solar energy transformation for the electric energy storage in the current storage box, the current storage box supplies power for controller and first wireless signal transceiver, first wireless signal transceiver can be with rivers velocity of flow and the transmission of water level height to the control cabinet that a river or main river detected, control flood discharge device by the control cabinet and carry out the flood discharge.

Further, be equipped with flood detection mechanism on the tower body, flood detection mechanism includes the lifter plate, the rivers tachymeter, level sensor and drive assembly, the rivers tachymeter passes through the dead lever and connects in the below of lifter plate, level sensor locates on the dead lever, level sensor is located the top of rivers tachymeter, the lifter plate passes through drive assembly and connects the tower body, detect the height of water level through level sensor, can guarantee that the rivers tachymeter is located the surface of water below, improve the precision that detects rivers, level sensor can be according to the high with signal transmission to drive assembly of water level, remove through drive assembly control lifter plate, improve and detect the precision.

Further, drive assembly includes motor, screw rod and guide arm, and on motor and guide arm all located the tower body, the screw rod was connected to the motor, and the lifter plate passes through first elevator and second elevator and connects screw rod and guide arm respectively, and it is rotatory to drive the screw rod through the motor, and then can make first elevator reciprocate along the screw rod, can drive the second elevator through the lifter plate in step and reciprocate along the guide arm, realizes the regulation to the lifter plate height.

Further, the flood discharge device includes the flood discharge pipeline, the manger plate subassembly, hold-down mechanism, slewing mechanism and boosting mechanism, the mutual parallel distribution of flood discharge pipeline, and the end of intaking of flood discharge pipeline is close to main river, the flood discharge pipeline is fixed in on the bottom plate, the manger plate subassembly passes through boosting mechanism and connects the bottom plate, be provided with the backup pad on the bottom plate, slewing mechanism is connected to the one end of manger plate subassembly, the other end of manger plate subassembly supports the backup pad through hold-down mechanism, it removes to drive the manger plate subassembly through boosting mechanism, and then can make the manger plate subassembly rotate along slewing mechanism, realize switching on or closing of flood discharge pipeline, satisfy the requirement of flood discharge, when the manger plate subassembly is in the closed condition, the bottom of manger plate subassembly supports through the backup pad, the top compresses tightly through hold-down mechanism.

Furthermore, the water retaining assembly comprises a rotating plate and a water retaining gate, the water retaining gate is fixed on the bottom surface of the rotating plate, the rotating plate is connected with the boosting mechanism and the rotating mechanism, the rotating plate can drive the water retaining gate to move, and the water retaining gate is used for achieving closing or opening of the flood discharge pipeline.

Further, the boosting mechanism comprises a second air cylinder, a first boosting plate, a second boosting plate and lug plates, the second air cylinder is fixed on the bottom plate, the first boosting plate is connected with the second air cylinder through a second piston rod, the second boosting plate is fixedly connected with the first boosting plate through a boosting rod, an auxiliary rod is arranged between the second boosting plate, the first boosting plate and the second air cylinder, the lug plates are arranged at the top of the second boosting plate, a fixed shaft is arranged between the two lug plates, a convex block is arranged on the bottom surface of the rotating plate and is rotationally connected on the fixed shaft, the second air cylinder drives the first boosting plate to move up and down through the second piston rod, the second boosting plate can be driven to move up and down synchronously through the boosting rod, the rotating plate is pushed, the auxiliary rod improves the stability and reliability of the movement of the first boosting plate and the second boosting plate, and avoids the working efficiency of the second air cylinder from being influenced by inclination, the rotating plate can be provided with a movable suspension block which can make up for the position allowance in the horizontal direction, the suspension block is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft, and the ear plate is fixedly connected with the fixed shaft.

Furthermore, slewing mechanism includes second fixed plate, first hinge and second hinge, and on first hinge was fixed in the second fixed plate, the second hinge rotated and is connected in first hinge, and the rotor plate is fixed to the second hinge, and the second fixed plate plays the effect of support, and the one end of rotor plate is passed through the second hinge and is rotated the first hinge of connection, can realize the stable rotation of rotor plate.

Furthermore, hold-down mechanism includes first fixed plate, and a support, link up the piece, pressure strip and first cylinder, support and first cylinder are all connected on first fixed plate, it connects on the support to link up the piece to rotate, the pressure strip is fixed in and links up the piece, first cylinder connects through first piston rod and links up the piece, first fixed plate plays the effect of support, link up the piece and can follow the support rotation, satisfy the requirement of compressing tightly or loosening to the rotor plate, first cylinder rotates and connects on first fixed plate, it rotates to drive link up the piece through first piston rod through first cylinder, can realize the rotation of pressure strip.

The forecasting method of the real-time flood forecasting system for the medium and small rivers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) measurement mapping

a. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, the flow directions of a main river and a branch river are shot through an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the distribution of the main river and the branch river is drawn, so that the drawing can be clearly drawn, the installation positions of a forecasting station and a flood discharge device can be more reasonably distributed, and the flood forecasting precision can be improved;

b. Then, the flow velocity of the main river and the branch river is manually detected on the spot, the distribution positions of the forecasting stations and the flood discharge devices are determined, and the distribution positions are marked on a drawing, so that the simultaneous construction of each forecasting station and the flood discharge device is facilitated, and the synchronous flow velocity and the water level height of the branch river and the main river can be monitored in real time;

2) forecast station distribution installation

a. Firstly, marking at set positions on a main river and a branch river according to the design requirements of a drawing, and removing peripheral weed stones;

b. then, building a tower body at the marked position, wherein the tower body can be positioned on a main river and a branch river or on one side of the bank of the main river and the branch river, so that water flows through the tower body to determine the overall height of the tower body, installing a solar panel, a first wireless signal transceiver and a controller at the top of the tower body, and installing a storage battery box along the interior of the tower body;

c. then, a screw rod and a guide rod are arranged along the lower part of the tower body, the screw rod and the guide rod are parallel to each other, a motor is arranged at the top end of the screw rod, a proper lifting plate is manufactured according to the distance between the screw rod and the guide rod, and the lifting plate is respectively connected with the screw rod and the guide rod through a first lifting block and a second lifting block;

d. Finally, a fixing rod is vertically installed along the bottom of the lifting plate, a water flow velocimeter is installed along the lower end of the fixing rod, a liquid level sensor is installed along the side face of the fixing rod, and the liquid level sensor, the water flow velocimeter, the storage battery box, the first wireless signal transceiver and the solar panel are all electrically connected with the controller;

e. constructing and installing the forecasting stations along the set positions on the main river and the branch river in sequence according to the steps;

3) flood discharge installation

a. Firstly, building a bottom plate along the downstream position of a main river according to the design requirements of a drawing, fixedly mounting a support plate on the bottom plate, vertically connecting the support plate and the bottom plate, and mounting a boosting mechanism along the center of the top surface of the bottom plate;

b. then, respectively installing a pressing mechanism and a rotating mechanism along two sides of the bottom plate, installing a rotating plate on the rotating mechanism, and installing a water retaining gate along the bottom surface of the rotating plate;

c. then, installing a flood discharge pipeline along a set position of a drawing, enabling the flood discharge pipeline to be fixedly installed on the bottom plate, and arranging a gate opening groove above the bottom plate along the top surface of the flood discharge pipeline, wherein the gate opening groove is matched with the water retaining gate;

d. finally, the rotating plate is rotated to a horizontal position along the rotating mechanism through the boosting mechanism, so that the water retaining gate is completely inserted into the flood discharge pipeline, the top surface of the rotating plate is pressed through the pressing mechanism, and the boosting mechanism and the pressing mechanism are electrically connected with the console;

4) Flood forecasting and flood discharge

a. Firstly, real-time detection of water flow speed and water level height is carried out on branch rivers and main rivers through each forecast station, detected data are transmitted to a console, and the console compares the detected data with a flood threshold value;

b. when the detection data is smaller than the flood threshold value, the flood discharge device is closed, water in the branch river is conveyed through the main river, and when the detection data is larger than the flood threshold value, the flood discharge device is opened, so that water flow gathered to the main river flow is shunted through the flood discharge device.

The forecasting method can solve the problems of strong flood burst, short forecasting period of flood forecasting, resource shortage and high time control difficulty of medium and small rivers, can perform flood discharge treatment while forecasting, greatly improves the safety of medium and small rivers when flood occurs, and protects the property and personal safety of people.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. through the design of forecast station, can carry out real-time supervision with the velocity of water and the water level height of branch river and main river, when the data that detect are greater than the flood threshold value, can control the flood discharge device through the control cabinet and open, carry out the flood discharge with the water in the main river through the flood discharge device and handle, play the effect of forecast flood discharge, improved precision and the treatment effeciency of medium and small river forecast greatly.

2. Through the height of level sensor detection water level, can guarantee that the rivers tachymeter is located the surface of water below, improve the precision to rivers detection, level sensor can be according to the high with signal transmission to drive assembly of water level, removes through drive assembly control lifter plate, improves and detects the precision.

3. Drive the manger plate subassembly through boosting mechanism and remove, and then can make the manger plate subassembly rotate along slewing mechanism, realize switching on or closing of flood discharge pipeline, satisfy the requirement of flood discharge, when the manger plate subassembly was in the closed condition, the bottom of manger plate subassembly supported through the backup pad, and the top compresses tightly through hold-down mechanism.

4. The forecasting method can solve the problems of strong flood burst, short forecasting period of flood forecasting, resource shortage and high time control difficulty of medium and small rivers, can perform flood discharge treatment while forecasting, greatly improves the safety of medium and small rivers when flood occurs, and protects the property and personal safety of people.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic distribution diagram of forecasting stations and flood discharge devices in a real-time flood forecasting system and method for medium and small rivers according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a forecast station of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the flood discharge device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection between the rotating plate and the rotating mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the pressing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rotating mechanism according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the boosting mechanism of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a forecast station; 2-a flood discharge device; 3-a tower body; 4-a solar panel; 5-a first wireless signal transceiver; 6-a controller; 7-an accumulator box; 8-lifting plate; 9-fixing the rod; 10-a water flow velocimeter; 11-a liquid level sensor; 12-a first lifting block; 13-a second lifting block; 14-a motor; 15-screw rod; 16-a guide rod; 17-a flood discharge pipeline; 18-a rotating plate; 19-a hold-down mechanism; 20-a rotating mechanism; 21-a bottom plate; 22-a support plate; 23-a boosting mechanism; 24-a water retaining gate; 25-a first fixing plate; 26-a scaffold; 27-an engagement block; 28-a compacting plate; 29-a first cylinder; 30-a first piston rod; 31-a second fixing plate; 32-a first hinge; 33-a second hinge; 34-a second cylinder; 35-a second piston rod; 36-a first boost plate; 37-push rod; 38-second boost plate; 39-auxiliary rod; 40-ear plate; 41-fixed axis.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, and in the drawings, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers comprises a console, a forecasting station 1 and a flood discharge device 2, wherein the console is connected with the forecasting station 1 and the flood discharge device 2 in a wireless communication manner, the forecasting station 1 is distributed along a main river and a branch river, the forecasting station 1 comprises a tower body 3, a solar panel 4, a first wireless signal transceiver 5 and a controller 6 are arranged at the top of the tower body 3, a storage battery 7 is arranged in the tower body 3, the controller 6 is electrically connected with the solar panel 4, the first wireless signal transceiver 5 and the storage battery 7, solar energy can be converted into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery 7 through the design of the solar panel 4, the storage battery 7 supplies power for the controller 6 and the first wireless signal transceiver 5, and the first wireless signal transceiver 5 can transmit the flow rate and the water level height detected by the branch river or the main river to the console, the flood discharge device 2 is controlled by the control console to discharge the flood.

Be equipped with flood detection mechanism on tower body 3, flood detection mechanism includes lifter plate 8, rivers tachymeter 10, level sensor 11 and drive assembly, rivers tachymeter 10 passes through dead lever 9 and connects in lifter plate 8's below, level sensor 11 locates on dead lever 9, level sensor 11 is located the top of rivers tachymeter 10, lifter plate 8 passes through drive assembly and connects tower body 3, detect the height of water level through level sensor 11, can guarantee that rivers tachymeter 10 is located below the surface of water, improve the precision that detects rivers, level sensor 11 can be according to the high signal transmission to drive assembly of water level, remove through drive assembly control lifter plate 8, improve and detect the precision.

Drive assembly includes motor 14, screw rod 15 and guide arm 16, motor 14 and guide arm 16 all locate on the tower body 3, motor 14 connecting screw rod 15, lifter plate 8 is through first lifter 12 and second lifter 13 connecting screw rod 15 and guide arm 16 respectively, it is rotatory to drive screw rod 15 through motor 14, and then can make first lifter 12 reciprocate along screw rod 15, can drive second lifter 13 through lifter plate 8 in step and reciprocate along guide arm 16, the realization is to the regulation of lifter plate 8 height.

The flood discharge device 2 is arranged at the downstream end of the main river, the flood discharge device 2 comprises a flood discharge pipeline 17, a water retaining component, a pressing mechanism 19, a rotating mechanism 20 and a boosting mechanism 23, the flood discharge pipelines 17 are distributed in parallel, the water inlet end of the flood discharge pipeline 17 is close to the main river, the flood discharge pipeline 17 is fixed on a bottom plate 21, the water retaining component is connected with the bottom plate 21 through a boosting mechanism 23, a supporting plate 22 is arranged on the bottom plate 21, one end of the water retaining component is connected with a rotating mechanism 20, the other end of the water retaining component props against the supporting plate 22 through a pressing mechanism 19, the boosting mechanism 23 drives the water retaining component to move, further, the water retaining component can rotate along the rotating mechanism 20, the conduction or the closing of the flood discharge pipeline 17 can be realized, the requirement of flood discharge can be met, when the water blocking assembly is in the closed state, the bottom of the water blocking assembly is supported by the support plate 22 and the top is pressed by the pressing mechanism 19.

The water retaining assembly comprises a rotating plate 18 and a water retaining gate 24, the water retaining gate 24 is fixed on the bottom surface of the rotating plate 18, the rotating plate 18 is connected with the boosting mechanism 23 and the rotating mechanism 20, the rotating plate 18 can drive the water retaining gate 24 to move, and the water retaining gate 24 is used for achieving closing or opening of the flood discharge pipeline 17.

The boosting mechanism 23 comprises a second air cylinder 34, a first boosting plate 36, a second boosting plate 38 and lug plates 40, the second air cylinder 34 is fixed on the bottom plate 21, the first boosting plate 36 is connected with the second air cylinder 34 through a second piston rod 35, the second boosting plate 38 is fixedly connected with the first boosting plate 36 through a boosting rod 37, an auxiliary rod 39 is arranged between the second boosting plate 38, the first boosting plate 36 and the second air cylinder 34, the lug plates 40 are arranged at the top of the second boosting plate 38, a fixed shaft 41 is arranged between the two lug plates 40, a convex block is arranged on the bottom surface of the rotating plate 18, the convex block is rotatably connected on the fixed shaft 41, the second air cylinder 34 drives the first boosting plate 36 to move up and down through the second piston rod 35, and further the second boosting plate 38 can be driven by the boosting rod 37 to move up and down synchronously, the rotating plate 18 is pushed, the auxiliary rod 39 improves the stability and reliability of the movement of the first boosting plate 36 and the second boosting plate 38, the working efficiency of the second cylinder 34 is prevented from being influenced by the inclination, the rotating plate 18 can be provided with a movable suspension block which can make up for the position allowance in the horizontal direction, the suspension block is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft 41, and the lug plate 40 is fixedly connected with the fixed shaft 41.

The rotating mechanism 20 comprises a second fixing plate 31, a first hinge 32 and a second hinge 33, the first hinge 32 is fixed on the second fixing plate 31, the second hinge 33 is connected to the first hinge 32 in a rotating mode, the second hinge 33 fixes the rotating plate 18, the second fixing plate 31 plays a supporting role, one end of the rotating plate 18 is connected with the first hinge 32 in a rotating mode through the second hinge 33, and stable rotation of the rotating plate 18 can be achieved.

The pressing mechanism 19 comprises a first fixing plate 25, a support 26, a connecting block 27, a pressing plate 28 and a first air cylinder 29, the support 26 and the first air cylinder 29 are connected to the first fixing plate 25, the connecting block 27 is rotatably connected to the support 26, the pressing plate 28 is fixed to the connecting block 27, the first air cylinder 29 is connected to the connecting block 27 through a first piston rod 30, the first fixing plate 25 plays a role of supporting, the connecting block 27 can rotate along the support 26 to meet the requirement of pressing or loosening the rotating plate 18, the first air cylinder 29 is rotatably connected to the first fixing plate 25, the first air cylinder 29 drives the connecting block 27 to rotate through the first piston rod 30, and rotation of the pressing plate 28 can be achieved. Through the design of forecast station 1, can carry out real-time supervision with the velocity of flow and the water level height of branch river and main river, when the data that detect are greater than the flood threshold value, can control flood discharge device 2 through the control cabinet and open, carry out the flood discharge with the water in the main river through flood discharge device 2 and handle, play the effect of forecast flood discharge, improved the precision and the treatment effeciency of medium and small river forecast greatly.

The forecasting method of the real-time flood forecasting system for the medium and small rivers comprises the following steps:

1) measurement mapping

a. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, the flow directions of a main river and a branch river are shot through an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the distribution of the main river and the branch river is drawn, so that the drawing can be clearly drawn, the installation positions of a forecasting station 1 and a flood discharge device 2 can be more reasonably distributed, and the flood forecasting precision can be improved;

b. then, manually detecting the water flow velocity of the main river and the branch river on the spot, determining the distribution positions of the forecasting stations 1 and the flood discharge devices 2, marking on a drawing, facilitating the simultaneous construction of each forecasting station 1 and the flood discharge device 2, and realizing the real-time monitoring of the synchronous water flow velocity and the water level height of the branch river and the main river;

2) forecast station 1 distribution installation

b. then, a tower body 3 is built at the marked position, the tower body 3 can be positioned on a main river and a branch river or on one side of the bank of the main river and the branch river, water flow can pass through the tower body 3 to determine the overall height of the tower body 3, a solar panel 4, a first wireless signal transceiver 5 and a controller 6 are installed at the top of the tower body 3, and a storage battery box 7 is installed along the interior of the tower body 3;

c. Then, a screw 15 and a guide rod 16 are arranged along the lower part of the tower body 3, the screw 15 and the guide rod 16 are parallel to each other, a motor 14 is arranged at the top end of the screw 15, a proper lifting plate 8 is manufactured according to the distance between the screw 15 and the guide rod 16, and the lifting plate 8 is respectively connected with the screw 15 and the guide rod 16 through a first lifting block 12 and a second lifting block 13;

d. finally, a fixing rod 9 is vertically installed along the bottom of the lifting plate 8, a water flow velocimeter 10 is installed along the lower end of the fixing rod 9, a liquid level sensor 11 is installed along the side face of the fixing rod 9, and the liquid level sensor 11, the water flow velocimeter 10, the storage box 7, the first wireless signal transceiver 5 and the solar panel 4 are all electrically connected with the controller 6;

e. constructing and installing the forecasting station 1 along the set positions on the main river and the branch river in sequence according to the steps;

3) flood discharge device 2 installation

a. Firstly, a bottom plate 21 is built along the downstream position of a main river according to the design requirements of a drawing, a supporting plate 22 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 21, the supporting plate 22 and the bottom plate 21 are mutually and vertically connected, and then a boosting mechanism 23 is installed along the center of the top surface of the bottom plate 21;

b. then, a pressing mechanism 19 and a rotating mechanism 20 are respectively arranged along two sides of a bottom plate 21, a rotating plate 18 is arranged on the rotating mechanism 20, and a water retaining gate 24 is arranged along the bottom surface of the rotating plate 18;

c. Then, installing the flood discharge pipeline 17 along the set position of the drawing, so that the flood discharge pipeline 17 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 21, and arranging a gate opening groove above the bottom plate 21 along the top surface of the flood discharge pipeline 17, wherein the gate opening groove is matched with the water retaining gate 24;

d. finally, the rotating plate 18 is rotated to the horizontal position along the rotating mechanism 20 through the boosting mechanism 23, the water retaining gate 24 is completely inserted into the flood discharge pipeline 17, the top surface of the rotating plate 18 is pressed through the pressing mechanism 19, and the boosting mechanism 23 and the pressing mechanism 19 are electrically connected with the control console;

4) flood forecasting and flood discharge

a. Firstly, real-time detection of water flow speed and water level height is carried out on branch rivers and main rivers through each forecasting station 1, detected data are transmitted to a console, and the console compares the detected data with a flood threshold;

b. when the detection data is smaller than the flood threshold value, the flood discharge device 2 is closed, the water in the branch rivers is conveyed through the main river, and when the detection data is larger than the flood threshold value, the flood discharge device 2 is opened, so that the water flow converged to the main river is shunted through the flood discharge device 2.

The forecasting method not only can solve the problems of strong flood burst, short flood forecasting period, resource shortage and large time control difficulty of medium and small rivers, but also can carry out flood discharge treatment while forecasting, thereby greatly improving the safety of the medium and small rivers when the floods occur and protecting the property and personal safety of people.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple variations, equivalent substitutions or modifications based on the present invention to achieve substantially the same technical effects are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers is characterized in that: including control cabinet, forecast station and flood discharge device, the control cabinet all with the forecast station with flood discharge device wireless communication connects, the forecast station is along main river and branch river stream distribution, the flood discharge device is located the low reaches end of main river.

2. The real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers according to claim 1, wherein: the warning station includes the tower body, the top of tower body is provided with solar panel, first wireless signal transceiver and controller, be equipped with the accumulator box in the tower body, the controller with solar panel first wireless signal transceiver with accumulator box electric connection.

3. The real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers according to claim 2, wherein: be equipped with flood detection mechanism on the tower body, flood detection mechanism includes lifter plate, rivers tachymeter, level sensor and drive assembly, the rivers tachymeter pass through the dead lever connect in the below of lifter plate, level sensor locates on the dead lever, level sensor is located the top of rivers tachymeter, the lifter plate passes through drive assembly and connects the tower body.

4. The real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers according to claim 3, wherein: the drive assembly comprises a motor, a screw rod and a guide rod, the motor and the guide rod are arranged on the tower body, the motor is connected with the screw rod, and the lifting plate is respectively connected with the screw rod and the guide rod through a first lifting block and a second lifting block.

5. The real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers according to claim 1, wherein: the flood discharge device includes flood discharge pipeline, manger plate subassembly, hold-down mechanism, slewing mechanism and boosting mechanism, the mutual parallel distribution of flood discharge pipeline, just the end of intaking of flood discharge pipeline is close to main river, the flood discharge pipeline is fixed in on the bottom plate, the manger plate subassembly passes through boosting mechanism connects the bottom plate, be provided with the backup pad on the bottom plate, the one end of manger plate subassembly is connected slewing mechanism, the other end of manger plate subassembly passes through hold-down mechanism supports the backup pad.

6. The real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers according to claim 5, wherein: the water retaining assembly comprises a rotating plate and a water retaining gate, the water retaining gate is fixed on the bottom surface of the rotating plate, and the rotating plate is connected with the boosting mechanism and the rotating mechanism.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers comprises: boosting mechanism includes second cylinder, first boosting board, second boosting board and otic placode, the second cylinder is fixed in on the bottom plate, first boosting board passes through the second piston rod and connects the second cylinder, the second boosting board passes through boosting rod fixed connection first boosting board, the second boosting board first boosting board with be equipped with the auxiliary rod between the second cylinder, the otic placode is located the top of second boosting board, two be equipped with the fixed axle between the otic placode, be equipped with the lug on the bottom surface of rotor plate, the lug rotate connect in on the fixed axle.

8. The real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers according to claim 6, wherein: the rotating mechanism comprises a second fixing plate, a first hinge and a second hinge, the first hinge is fixed on the second fixing plate, the second hinge is rotatably connected to the first hinge, and the second hinge is fixed on the rotating plate.

9. The real-time flood forecasting system for medium and small rivers according to claim 6, wherein: hold-down mechanism includes first fixed plate, support, links up piece, pressure strip and first cylinder, the support with first cylinder all connect in on the first fixed plate, it rotates to connect to link up the piece and connect on the support, the pressure strip is fixed in link up the piece, first cylinder is connected through first piston rod link up the piece.

10. The forecasting method for the real-time flood forecasting system for the medium and small rivers according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) measurement mapping

a. Firstly, shooting the flow direction of a main river and a branch river by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and drawing the distribution of the main river and the branch river;

b. then manually detecting the flow velocity of the main river and the branch rivers on the spot, determining the distribution positions of the forecasting station and the flood discharge device, and marking on a drawing;

2) forecast station distribution installation

b. then, building a tower body at the marked position, determining the overall height of the tower body, installing a solar panel, a first wireless signal transceiver and a controller at the top of the tower body, and installing an accumulator box along the interior of the tower body;

3) flood discharge installation

a. Firstly, building a bottom plate along the downstream position of a main river according to the design requirements of a drawing, fixedly installing a supporting plate on the bottom plate, vertically connecting the supporting plate and the bottom plate, and installing a boosting mechanism along the center of the top surface of the bottom plate;

4) Flood forecasting and flood discharge