CN113506010A - Large-scale watershed hydropower station flood discharge gate digital centralized regulation and control method - Google Patents
Large-scale watershed hydropower station flood discharge gate digital centralized regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale watershed hydropower station flood discharge gate digital centralized regulation and control method, which comprises a watershed cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system, a watershed cascade power station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system and a remote centralized regulation and control operation system; the reservoir water level prediction system of the watershed cascade power station is used for predicting the reservoir water level of the controlled hydropower station; the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system of the watershed cascade power station is used for performing floating adjustment on the reservoir level; the remote centralized control system is used for integrating results of the drainage basin step power station reservoir water level prediction system and the drainage basin step power station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system and carrying out remote centralized control and monitoring on a plurality of controlled hydropower stations. The invention realizes the full utilization of water energy by uniformly scheduling the controlled power stations; the high-frequency floating control method has the advantages of strong flood prevention capability, high-frequency floating control of the large-scale drainage basin step gate, full reduction of the pressure of gate scheduling, high control precision, safety, reliability, high water energy utilization rate and good economical efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a digital centralized regulation and control method for a flood discharge gate of a hydropower station in a large watershed, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower.
Technical Field
The flood discharge gate is a key facility for preventing and controlling flood in a hydropower station, but for a large hydropower station in Jinshajiang, the flood discharge gate faces two serious problems: firstly, the river basin of the Yangtze river is strictly controlled, the flood discharge gate is operated abnormally frequently, the annual scheduling frequency of a single power station is more than 150 times, and the night traffic risk and night gate operation risk of the power plant in the field flood season are prominent; secondly, because the owners of the various rungs of the drainage basin are different, the profit dispute of the power generation water head cannot be avoided, the production indexes such as the electric quantity, the water consumption rate and the like are extremely competitive, and the problems of optimal scheduling and economic operation of the power station are obvious.
The conventional technical methods in hydropower stations are usually designed for solving the operation of a flood discharge gate of a single hydropower station, the service volume and the complexity are single, and related remote control or remote regulation operation can be easily realized; but the application effects of centralized scheduling and economic scheduling of the multi-stage watershed power station are poor; particularly, with the progress of science and technology, some remote hydropower centralized control centers have begun to explore the integration practice of scheduling, monitoring and controlling, that is, on the basis of the existing hydropower domain computer monitoring system, the integrated services of comprehensive, unified and normative operation, control, monitoring and the like of a flood discharge gate, a generator set, outlet equipment, auxiliary equipment and the like are realized, however, the existing technical solutions are far from meeting the requirements of real-time performance, reliability, concurrency, operability and the like in power production, and especially far from the work indexes of misoperation prevention, mis-scheduling, missing monitoring and the like.
How to adjust the scheduling technology to meet the control technology, integrate the monitoring and control functions in the scheduling process, realize the regulation and control integration, which is not only an industry development trend, but also the requirements of relevant national departments on the strong workmanship of key basic industries and the improvement of labor productivity; meanwhile, after monitoring and control are integrated, how to reasonably match the operation sequence and the time length to realize the maximization of the comprehensive benefits of economic dispatching and flood control dispatching is also a hotspot and difficulty of industry health and sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a digital centralized regulation and control method for a flood discharge gate of a hydropower station in a large basin. The invention realizes the full utilization of water energy by uniformly scheduling the controlled power stations; the high-frequency floating control method has the advantages of strong flood prevention capability, high-frequency floating control of the large-scale drainage basin step gate, full reduction of the pressure of gate scheduling, high control precision, safety, reliability, high water energy utilization rate and good economical efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a large-scale basin hydropower station flood discharge gate digital centralized regulation and control method comprises a basin cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system, a basin cascade power station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system and a remote centralized regulation and control operation system; the cascade hydropower station of the drainage basin is internally provided with a plurality of controlled hydropower stations which are continuous or discontinuous cascade hydropower stations;
the watershed cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system is used for predicting the reservoir water level of the controlled hydropower station, and the reservoir water level prediction value of the controlled hydropower station is obtained through the watershed cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system;
the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system of the watershed cascade power station is used for performing floating adjustment on reservoir levels, the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system calculates the opening of the flood discharge gate according to the reservoir level prediction result of each controlled hydropower station, and the dynamic flood discharge gate adjusting and controlling system controls the opening and closing of the gate according to the calculated opening of the flood discharge gate;
the remote centralized regulation and control system is used for integrating results of the drainage basin cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system and the drainage basin cascade power station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system, remotely and centrally regulating, controlling and monitoring a plurality of controlled hydropower stations, achieving batch-wise and parallel remote dispatching and operation regulation and control of flood discharge gates of the controlled hydropower stations, and achieving remote operation regulation and control of power generation main body equipment of the controlled hydropower stations;
the digital centralized regulation and control method for the flood discharge gate of the large-scale watershed hydropower station comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the generating capacity of a hydraulic turbine set, the reservoir level reservoir capacity data, the synchronous historical generating production data of each controlled hydropower station, the hydrological prediction data and the meteorological prediction data of the controlled hydropower stations and the upstream of the controlled hydropower stations, uploading the acquired data to a drainage basin cascade power station reservoir level prediction system, and calculating a reservoir level prediction value according to the acquired data;
s2: calculating a power generation capacity predicted value of each controlled hydropower station according to the reservoir water level predicted value obtained in the S1, and obtaining a power generation plan and a flood discharge plan of the controlled hydropower stations according to the power generation capacity predicted value of the controlled hydropower stations;
s3: calculating the opening of a flood discharge gate by combining the actual water incoming condition according to the flood discharge plan of the controlled hydropower station obtained in the step S2;
s4: the high-frequency dynamic adjustment system for the reservoir level of the watershed cascade power station generates a regulation and control scheme by using the results of S2 and S3;
s5: and the remote centralized control system performs remote centralized control on the controlled hydropower station according to the control scheme generated by the S4, so as to realize the floating adjustment of the reservoir water level of the basin cascade hydropower station.
Further, the high-frequency dynamic adjustment system for the reservoir water level of the watershed cascade power station comprises high-frequency dynamic adjustment for the reservoir water level in the flood season and high-frequency dynamic adjustment for the reservoir water level when medium and small flood occurs;
when in flood season, the adjustment mode for carrying out high-frequency dynamic adjustment on the flood limit water level of the basin cascade power station library is as follows: when the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station with the watershed cascade does not have special scheduling requirements and does not need to be matched with the upstream and the downstream for flood control scheduling, the floating control of the reservoir water level can be carried out; when the plurality of controlled hydropower station reservoirs are required to carry out flood control dispatching, the reservoir flood control standard is not reduced, the downstream flood control pressure is not increased, and the water levels of the plurality of controlled hydropower station reservoirs are pre-discharged to the flood control limit water level before the arrival of flood water in a flood season;
when the flood season is, flood occurrence probability and intensity which are respectively pre-judged by a flood area cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system 2-5 days in advance, and the starting of high-frequency floating adjustment of the flood limit water level of the flood area cascade power station reservoir can meet the following conditions at the same time:
(1) within 2 days of foreseeable time, no heavy rainfall occurs upstream of the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station;
(2) within 3 days of foreseeable time, no strong rainfall and no flood occur in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river;
(3) the water level of key points at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river is lower than the warning water level, no flood occurs at the lower reaches within 5 days which can be predicted, and the key points at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river are difficult to reach the guaranteed water level;
when in flood season, the control principle of the high-frequency dynamic reservoir water level adjustment system is as follows: with utilizing hydrological weather forecast to carry out electricity generation in advance or discharge in advance, make the step power station reservoir can in time fall to flood control restriction water level, reduce the reservoir and abandon water, avoid the potential safety hazard of high water level flood discharge, specifically do:
(1) if the current incoming water flow is smaller than the full generating flow of the unit, the reservoir is maintained to operate at the upper limit water level of the water level floating control;
(2) if the current incoming water flow is larger than the full generating flow of the unit, the reservoir is maintained to operate at the lower limit water level of the water level floating control;
when the flood is subjected to medium and small floods, the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system performs floating adjustment, and the adjusting principle is as follows:
(1) before medium and small flood occurs, according to the flood control mode and the hydrological weather forecast result, when the water flow is larger than the full flow in the forecast period, the output is increased in advance to realize pre-discharge;
(2) when medium and small flood occurs, the target water level and the downward drainage flow are adjusted according to the forecast water incoming process;
(3) when the flood in the warehouse is turned back and the water level in the warehouse reaches the target water level, determining the falling process of the water level in the warehouse according to the flood control situation and the hydrological meteorological forecast condition; if the weather form is bright and the later stage is basically rain-free, the falling speed is slow; otherwise, the falling speed is accelerated so as to reduce to the flood control limit water level or the lowest control water level.
Further, the regulation and control scheme formed in S4 requires the minimum operation amount, the maximum power generation amount, and the minimum water discard amount, and specifically includes the steps of:
(1) reading the reservoir water level of the controlled hydropower station to obtain the current reservoir capacity: assuming that the initial time is t0, the reservoir level in the initial state is Zt0According to reservoir level Zt0Obtaining the current storage capacity Wt0；
(2) When the controlled hydropower station is a first-stage hydropower station in the basin cascade hydropower station, the value Q is predicted in real time according to the hourly incoming water inlet flow of the controlled hydropower stationForecastingObtaining the incoming water warehousing flow of the reservoir per hour on the same day;
Qput in storage＝QForecasting
When the controlled hydropower station is a non-first-stage hydropower station in a basin cascade hydropower station, the incoming water warehousing flow Q of the reservoir in the day and hour is obtained according to the upstream power generation and the flood discharge flowPut in storage；
(3) From the power generation plan, the hourly power generation flow rate value of the water for power generation at the end time t1 is calculated as:
wherein, P is the generating capacity of the unit, and e is the water consumption;
(4) predicting the opening degree value of the flood discharge gate of one or more gates according to the current opening degree value of the gate of the controlled hydropower station, and obtaining the flood discharge flow value of each hour on the day according to the predicted opening degree value of the flood discharge gate:
wherein alpha is the opening degree of the flood discharge gate, and k is a coefficient.
(5) Calculating to obtain the expected value W of the storage capacity of the power stationt1Comprises the following steps:
Wt1＝(Qput in storage-QFlood discharge-QPower generation)*(t1-t0)-Wt0
(6) According to Wt1Obtaining the reservoir water level Z at the moment t1t1；
(7) Will Zt1Comparing with the safe operation reservoir water level of the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station when Zt1When the water level is higher than the water level of the safe operation reservoir and the power station is full, repeating the step (4) to increase the flood discharge flow; when Z ist1When the water level is higher than the water level of the safe operation reservoir and the power station is not full, repeating the step (3) to increase the power generation flow; when the reservoir water level is still too high after the flood discharge flow is increased, increasing the opening alpha of the flood discharge gate in the step (4); the adjustment is carried out until the reservoir water level floating control index is reached to Zt1Is less than the water level of the safe operation reservoir;
(8) when Z ist1And when the water level is adjusted to be less than the water level of the safe operation reservoir, a regulation and control scheme is formed.
Furthermore, the remote centralized regulation and control system comprises a remote control module, a remote regulation and control module, a remote viewing module, a broadcasting module, a monitoring module and a protection module; the remote centralized regulation and control system is used for carrying out data acquisition, abnormity detection, remote control, safety verification, full-time period visualization and advanced alarm on the controlled hydropower station, the remote centralized regulation and control system realizes linkage combination of a remote regulation module, a remote control module, a broadcasting module, a remote vision module and a monitoring module at a remote centralized control end, and the control of opening and closing of a gate of the controlled hydropower station and opening and closing of a generator set at the controlled hydropower station end;
the remote regulation module is used for operating and controlling the flood discharge gate, the remote control module is used for performing emergency treatment when the remote regulation module is abnormal, and the remote regulation module and the remote control module are combined to ensure the safety of the mechanical structure of the flood discharge gate when a large hydropower station is remotely operated at different places, so that physical damage caused by forced operation can be avoided;
the remote vision module is used for calling videos to monitor equipment in the operation process of a plurality of flood discharge gates of the controlled hydropower station, the remote vision module monitors flood discharge gate machinery and power generation gas nuclear parts by using a night vision type high-definition industrial camera, and the remote vision module is matched with the monitoring module and used for comprehensively monitoring the gates and the generator set of the controlled hydropower station;
the broadcast module is used for carrying out alarm broadcasting before flood discharge so as to achieve the purpose of dispersing people at a flood discharge outlet and around;
the protection module is used for operating and controlling the protection module to cut off the remote regulation operation loop when the remote control module and the remote regulation module are abnormal in operation, so that the reliability of remote operation is guaranteed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method comprises the steps of acquiring the generated energy of the hydraulic turbine set, the reservoir water level reservoir capacity data and the synchronous historical power generation production data of each controlled hydropower station, uploading hydrologic prediction data and meteorological prediction data of the controlled hydropower stations and the upstream of the controlled hydropower stations to a basin cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system, calculating a reservoir water level prediction value according to the acquired data, realizing water level floating control of the controlled hydropower stations, improving the utilization rate of flood by pre-drainage adjustment for 2-5 days in advance, increasing the generation energy by hundreds of millions of cubic meters, and effectively improving the generation benefit.
(2) According to the invention, the high-frequency dynamic floating adjustment of the reservoir water level of the cascade power station in the watershed is realized by forming a regulation scheme with minimum operation amount, maximum power generation amount and minimum water abandon amount.
(3) The invention carries out digital centralized regulation and control on the flood discharge gate of the hydropower station in the large drainage basin through remote control, remote regulation, remote vision and broadcasting, constructs and forms a set of technical scheme of remote flood discharge gate in different places with scientific technology, comprehensive management, safety and reliability, realizes safe and rapid response of adjustment instructions of the flood discharge gate, accurately controls flood discharge flow, and can reduce unsafe and unstable factors to a great extent.
(4) According to the invention, the alarm and early warning modes of the calculation monitoring system are deeply adjusted in a large range, so that the real-time alarm amount is greatly reduced, a large amount of unnecessary information interference is removed, and the difficulty that the operation of the flood discharge gate cannot be carried out in parallel in the power production process is solved.
(5) The invention integrates unified dispatching, monitoring and controlling of the controlled power station, and realizes the full utilization of water energy while ensuring the comprehensive control of power plant power generation equipment by a remote water and electricity basin center; the high-frequency floating control of the large-scale watershed step gate can be realized, the pressure of gate scheduling is fully reduced, the flood prevention capacity is high, the control precision is high, the safety and the reliability are realized, the water energy utilization rate is high, the economical efficiency is good, and the outstanding problems of information conflict, large manual intervention amount, high operation risk and the like, caused by the fact that a remote watershed centralized control center brings scheduling, operation and monitoring of the flood discharge gates of a plurality of large hydropower stations into conventional power production, can be solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a digital centralized regulation and control method for a flood discharge gate of a large-scale watershed hydropower station according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the digital centralized regulation scheme of the flood discharge gate of the large-scale watershed hydropower station;
fig. 3 is a water level flow curve diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a tail water level flow graph of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the reservoir capacity of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of water consumption according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the leakage flow of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a NHQ graph obtained based on the turbine operating characteristics of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of calculated data for the opening of a floodgate according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a flow chart of remote control of the floodgate according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating the condition that the floodgate of the present invention can be opened.
FIG. 12 is a basic condition diagram of the floodgate in-situ control system according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram of the basic conditions of remote control of the monitoring module of the flood discharge gate according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
In the embodiment, a large controlled hydropower station in the midstream river basin of the Jinshajiang river is used: a flood discharge gate digital centralized regulation and control method for large-scale watershed hydropower stations such as a pear garden power station, an Ahai power station and a Ludila power station comprises a watershed step hydropower station reservoir water level prediction system, a watershed step hydropower station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system and a remote centralized regulation and control operation system; the cascade hydropower station of the drainage basin is internally provided with a plurality of controlled hydropower stations which are continuous or discontinuous cascade hydropower stations;
the watershed cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system is used for predicting the reservoir water level of a controlled hydropower station, and based on a water balance principle, the reservoir water level prediction system of the watershed cascade power station is used for obtaining a reservoir water level prediction value of the controlled hydropower station;
the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system of the watershed cascade power station is used for performing floating adjustment on reservoir levels, the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system calculates according to the reservoir level prediction result of each controlled hydropower station to obtain the opening of a flood discharge gate, and the dynamic flood discharge gate adjusting and controlling system controls the opening and closing of the gate according to the calculated opening of the flood discharge gate;
the remote centralized regulation and control system is used for integrating results of the drainage basin cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system and the drainage basin cascade power station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system, remotely and centrally regulating, controlling and monitoring a plurality of controlled hydropower stations, achieving batch-wise and parallel remote dispatching and operation regulation and control of flood discharge gates of the controlled hydropower stations, and achieving remote operation regulation and control of power generation main body equipment of the controlled hydropower stations; the remote centralized regulation and control operation method enhances the functions of data acquisition, abnormality detection, remote control, safety verification, full-time visualization, advanced alarm and the like of the controlled power plant, particularly has the unique functions of mass production information abstract presentation and typical abnormality automatic processing, and can effectively support the requirement of developing the flood discharge operation gate and the conventional hydroelectric generation in parallel.
As shown in fig. 1, the digital centralized regulation and control method for the flood discharge gate of the large-scale watershed hydropower station comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the generating capacity of a hydraulic turbine set, reservoir level reservoir capacity data, synchronous historical power generation production data, hydrological prediction data and meteorological prediction data of the controlled hydropower stations and upstream of the controlled hydropower stations, uploading the acquired data to a drainage basin cascade power station reservoir level prediction system, performing weighted average calculation according to the acquired data by referring to the power generation production data for many years, and calculating a reservoir level prediction value;
s2: calculating a power generation capacity predicted value of each controlled hydropower station according to the reservoir water level predicted value obtained in the S1, and obtaining a power generation plan and a flood discharge plan of the controlled hydropower stations according to the power generation capacity predicted value of the controlled hydropower stations; the power generation plan prioritizes power generation plans in flood seasons as much as possible, and sequentially calculates the power generation plans of the downstream related power stations in a rolling mode;
s3: calculating the opening of a flood discharge gate by combining the actual water incoming condition according to the flood discharge plan of the controlled hydropower station obtained in the step S2;
s4: the high-frequency dynamic adjustment system for the reservoir level of the watershed cascade power station generates a regulation and control scheme by using the results of S2 and S3;
s5: and the remote centralized control system performs remote centralized control on the controlled hydropower station according to the control scheme generated by the S4, so as to realize the floating adjustment of the reservoir water level of the basin cascade hydropower station.
Further, the high-frequency dynamic adjustment system for the reservoir water level of the watershed cascade power station comprises high-frequency dynamic adjustment for the reservoir water level in the flood season and high-frequency dynamic adjustment for the reservoir water level when medium and small flood occurs;
the flood season flood limiting water level refers to an upper limit water level of a reservoir allowed to store water in a flood season, and is also called as a flood season limiting water level or a flood control limiting water level. In the flood season, an adjusting mode, a starting condition and a control principle of dynamic control of the flood limiting water level in the flood season are provided through analysis of unit characteristics, warehousing flood characteristics, encounter rules of warehousing floods and flood in-middle and downstream in Yangtze river, flood control task requirements of flood control in-middle and downstream in Yangtze river on the cascade power station reservoir and the like.
When in flood season, the adjustment mode for carrying out high-frequency dynamic adjustment on the flood limit water level of the basin cascade power station library is as follows: when the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station with the watershed cascade does not have special scheduling requirements and does not need to be matched with the upstream and the downstream for flood control scheduling, the floating control of the reservoir water level can be carried out; when the plurality of controlled hydropower station reservoirs are required to carry out flood control dispatching, the reservoir flood control standard is not reduced, the downstream flood control pressure is not increased, and the water levels of the plurality of controlled hydropower station reservoirs are pre-discharged to the flood control limit water level before the arrival of flood water in a flood season;
when in a flood season, flood occurrence probability and intensity of a flood stage power station reservoir water level prediction system are respectively pre-judged 2-5 days in advance, and starting conditions for high-frequency floating adjustment of flood limiting water levels of the flood stage power station reservoir are as follows:
(1) within 2 days of foreseeable time, no heavy rainfall occurs upstream of the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station;
(2) within 3 days of foreseeable time, no strong rainfall and no flood occur in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river;
(3) the water level of key points at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river is lower than the warning water level, no flood occurs at the lower reaches within 5 days which can be predicted, and the key points at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river are difficult to reach the guaranteed water level;
when in flood season, the control principle of the high-frequency dynamic reservoir water level adjustment system is as follows: with utilizing hydrological weather forecast to carry out electricity generation in advance or discharge in advance, make the step power station reservoir can in time fall to flood control restriction water level, reduce the reservoir and abandon water, avoid the potential safety hazard of high water level flood discharge, specifically do:
(1) if the current incoming water flow is smaller than the full generating flow of the unit, the reservoir is maintained to operate at the upper limit water level of the water level floating control;
(2) if the current incoming water flow is larger than the full generating flow of the unit, the reservoir is maintained to operate at the lower limit water level of the water level floating control;
the required reservoir water level of full power generation of the unit under different delivery flows of a certain power station, and the requirements of unhindered water level floating lower limit of output under the corresponding upstream and downstream water levels of full power generation of the unit under different delivery flows are as shown in the following reservoir water level 1:
| serial number | Flow out of warehouse (m)3/s) | Full water head (m) | Tail water level (m) | Reservoir level (m) |
| 1 | 3000 | 76.06 | 1419.4 | 1495.46 |
| 2 | 3500 | 76.06 | 1420.25 | 1496.31 |
| 3 | 4000 | 76.06 | 1421.1 | 1497.16 |
| 4 | 4500 | 76.06 | 1421.95 | 1498.01 |
| 5 | 5000 | 76.06 | 1422.8 | 1498.86 |
| 6 | 5500 | 76.06 | 1423.65 | 1499.71 |
| 7 | 6000 | 76.06 | 1424.5 | 1500.56 |
| 8 | 6500 | 76.06 | 1425.35 | 1501.41 |
| 9 | 7000 | 76.06 | 1426.2 | 1502.26 |
TABLE 1
When the flood is subjected to medium and small floods, the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system performs floating adjustment, and the adjusting principle is as follows:
(1) before medium and small flood occurs, according to the flood control mode and the hydrological weather forecast result, when the water flow is larger than the full flow in the forecast period, the output is increased in advance to realize pre-discharge;
(2) when medium and small flood occurs, the target water level and the downward drainage flow are adjusted according to the forecast water incoming process;
(3) when the flood in the warehouse is turned back and the water level in the warehouse reaches the target water level, determining the falling process of the water level in the warehouse according to the flood control situation and the hydrological meteorological forecast condition; if the weather form is bright and the later stage is basically rain-free, the falling speed is slow; otherwise, the falling speed is accelerated so as to reduce to the flood control limit water level or the lowest control water level.
As shown in fig. 2, further, the regulation and control scheme formed in S4 requires the minimum operation amount, the maximum power generation amount, and the minimum water discard amount, and includes the specific steps of:
(1) reading the reservoir water level of the controlled hydropower station to obtain the current reservoir capacity: assuming that the initial time is t0, the reservoir level in the initial state is Zt0，Zt0Can be directly read from the telemetering data of the water regulation automation system, and the current reservoir capacity W can be obtained according to the established reservoir capacity curve which is shown in figure 5t0；
(2) When the controlled hydropower station is a first-stage hydropower station in the basin cascade hydropower station, the value Q is predicted in real time according to the hourly incoming water inlet flow of the controlled hydropower stationForecastingObtaining the incoming water warehousing flow of the reservoir per hour on the same day;
Qput in storage＝QForecastingWhen the controlled hydropower station is a non-first-stage hydropower station in a basin cascade hydropower station, the incoming water warehousing flow Q of the reservoir in the day and hour is obtained according to the upstream power generation and the flood discharge flowPut in storage；
Real-time forecast value QForecastingThe forecast value Q can also be obtained by back-checking the water level flow relation curve according to the measured water level through the water level flow relation curve (as shown in fig. 4) established based on the historical data of the power stationForecasting。
(3) From the power generation plan, the hourly power generation flow rate value of the water for power generation at the end time t1 is calculated as:
wherein P is the generated energy of the unit, which satisfies the equation in FIG. 8Current Q of the displayPut in storageOutput limit value under/n flow; e is water consumption, which can be obtained from an annual average water consumption curve established based on historical data of the power station, as shown in fig. 6;
(4) predicting the opening degree value of the flood discharge gate of one or more gates according to the current opening degree value of the gate of the controlled hydropower station, and obtaining the flood discharge flow value of each hour on the day according to the predicted opening degree value of the flood discharge gate:
where α is the opening of the floodgate, k is a coefficient, and the value of k can be read by a flood discharge graph established as shown in fig. 7.
(5) Calculating to obtain the expected value W of the storage capacity of the power stationt1Comprises the following steps:
Wt1＝(Qput in storage-QFlood discharge-QPower generation)*(t1-t0)-Wt0
(6) According to Wt1Obtaining the reservoir water level Z at the moment t1t1(ii) a According to Wt1Referring back to the reservoir capacity curve as shown in FIG. 5, the reservoir level Z at time t1 can be obtainedt1
(7) Will Zt1Comparing with the safe operation reservoir water level of the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station when Zt1When the water level is higher than the water level of the safe operation reservoir and the power station is full, repeating the step (4) to increase the flood discharge flow; when Z ist1When the water level is higher than the water level of the safe operation reservoir and the power station is not full, repeating the step (3) to increase the power generation flow; when the reservoir water level is still too high after the flood discharge flow is increased, increasing the opening alpha of the flood discharge gate in the step (4); the adjustment is carried out until the reservoir water level floating control index is reached to Zt1Is less than the water level of the safe operation reservoir;
(8) when Z ist1And when the water level is adjusted to be less than the water level of the safe operation reservoir, a regulation and control scheme is formed. Through multiple calculations and comparisons (as shown in fig. 9), a reservoir water level target value and a flood discharge gate opening value which meet the current power generation plan can be obtained, and the above contents are compiled to form a scheme. All the flood discharge gates are manually operatedThe input values are opened one by one according to the operation sequence recommended by the scheduling experience, so that frequent and meaningless automatic adjustment of the gate can be avoided, the operation method can be flexibly and efficiently matched with actual work such as gate maintenance, emergency flood discharge scheduling and the like, and the operation method has extremely strong operability of power production and flood control scheduling.
Furthermore, the remote centralized regulation and control system comprises a remote control module, a remote regulation and control module, a remote viewing module, a broadcasting module, a monitoring module and a protection module; the remote centralized regulation and control system is used for carrying out data acquisition, abnormity detection, remote control, safety verification, full-time period visualization and advanced alarm on the controlled hydropower station, the remote centralized regulation and control system realizes linkage combination of a remote regulation module, a remote control module, a broadcasting module, a remote vision module and a monitoring module at a remote centralized control end, and the control of opening and closing of a gate of the controlled hydropower station and opening and closing of a generator set at the controlled hydropower station end;
the remote regulation module is used for operating and controlling the flood discharge gate, the remote control module is used for performing emergency treatment when the remote regulation module is abnormal, and the remote regulation module and the remote control module are combined to ensure the safety of the mechanical structure of the flood discharge gate when a large hydropower station is remotely operated at different places, so that physical damage caused by forced operation can be avoided;
the remote vision module is used for calling videos to monitor equipment in the operation process of a plurality of flood discharge gates of the controlled hydropower station, the remote vision module monitors flood discharge gate machinery and power generation gas nuclear parts by using a night vision type high-definition industrial camera, and the remote vision module is matched with the monitoring module and used for comprehensively monitoring the gates and the generator set of the controlled hydropower station;
the broadcast module is used for carrying out alarm broadcasting before flood discharge so as to achieve the purpose of dispersing people at a flood discharge outlet and around;
the protection module is used for operating and controlling the protection module to cut off the remote regulation operation loop when the remote control module and the remote regulation module are abnormal in operation, so that the reliability of remote operation is guaranteed. The protection module is characterized in that an electric locking and PLC algorithm locking (as shown in figures 12 and 13) of the flood discharge gate are added, and when any abnormality of machinery, electricity, a network, a power supply and the like occurs, a remote adjusting operation loop is cut off, so that the reliability of remote operation is guaranteed.
The monitoring module realizes parallel operation, monitoring and control of the flood discharge gate and the traditional power production equipment, and the regulation and control operation principle is as follows:
(1) the operation instruction must be strictly checked, and the instruction can be issued only when the operation condition is determined to be met; the verified content should include: centralized control authority, state of a centralized control host, power plant control authority, state of a power plant host, state of a power plant channel, state of a power plant control cabinet authority handle, state and redundancy of a power source/network/device/board of the power plant control cabinet, operation energy/operation state of a controlled object of the power plant, and the like (as shown in fig. 11).
(2) The operation instruction must be simple, does not occupy the centralized control channel for a long time, avoids the control interruption caused by the abnormity in midway and influences the effect, namely the control closed loop must be arranged in the power plant, the centralized control closed loop monitoring is not needed (as shown in figure 10), and a redundant channel (a network, a sampling and a control element are redundant) is provided.
(3) Clear feedback is required in the operation process, particularly, the operation process must be fed back finely due to long operation time of the gate, the sampling of the pressure, the temperature, the opening degree and the like of the power plant must be reformed and perfected again, and redundant processing is performed on an adjusting algorithm; the failure of the operation process must be accompanied by specific reasons; after the operation is successful, the feedback is immediately carried out, the feedback is not comprehensive feedback in an analog quantity form, and the feedback of a switching value is required to be contained so as to realize linkage configuration of voice alarm and picture light character alarm.
(4) When the operation process is abnormal, not only clear feedback needs to be provided, but also a certain function of preventing abnormal amplification is required; for example, when pressure is abnormal, an automatic deviation rectifying function is required, and during debugging, manual deviation rectifying treatment is required to be carried out for remote control single step operation debugging and verification; when the opening signal jumps, the automatic stop function is realized, and the operation can be carried out by using a remote control command.
(5) Centralized control possesses independent process monitoring alarming function, except the process signal that the power plant sent on, the centralized control side increases process alarm information: on one hand, the method is used for refining process quantity, for example, an alarm when the opening degree of a gate exceeds a typical operation value; on the other hand, original signals of the carding power plant are integrated and combined to give an alarm comprehensively according to production processes and logic characteristics, and repeated alarms of basic signals (such as redundant signals) are reduced.
(6) The construction of an alarm system is perfected, and on the basis of message alarm, functions of voice alarm, data statistics, accident recall and the like are fully used, so that the lean of process management and control is realized.
When a plurality of large hydropower stations are accessed to a remote basin centralized control center for comprehensive centralized scheduling, the data volume of uploading is 10 ten thousand magnitude, the real-time alarm volume needing to be processed in time is very large, the operation time of a single flood discharge gate is about half an hour, and the whole work of the flood discharge gate and the traditional power production equipment is difficult to be carried out by only a few people in parallel. Specifically, the monitoring module optimization steps are as follows:
(1) the importance classification is carried out on the centralized control side information, and meanwhile, the list division is carried out on the alarm of the centralized control computer monitoring system according to the relevance of the physical space and the cause/sequence relevance of the power production process, so that the effective extraction of the abnormal information or the state information is facilitated;
(2) the system can comprehensively adjust text alarm, voice alarm, picture popup alarm and the like on the centralized control side, realize the passive monitoring function, namely key information pops up automatically, and does not need personnel to actively check program interfaces such as an alarm list and pictures, so that the equipment operation monitoring can be purposeful and the interactive operation amount can be greatly reduced.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A large-scale basin hydropower station flood discharge gate digitization centralized regulation and control method is characterized by comprising a basin cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system, a basin cascade power station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system and a remote centralized regulation and control operation system; the cascade hydropower station of the drainage basin is internally provided with a plurality of controlled hydropower stations which are continuous or discontinuous cascade hydropower stations;
the watershed cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system is used for predicting the reservoir water level of the controlled hydropower station, and the reservoir water level prediction value of the controlled hydropower station is obtained through the watershed cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system;
the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system of the watershed cascade power station is used for performing floating adjustment on reservoir levels, the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system calculates the opening of the flood discharge gate according to the reservoir level prediction result of each controlled hydropower station, and the dynamic flood discharge gate adjusting and controlling system controls the opening and closing of the gate according to the calculated opening of the flood discharge gate;
the remote centralized regulation and control system is used for integrating results of the drainage basin cascade power station reservoir water level prediction system and the drainage basin cascade power station reservoir water level high-frequency dynamic adjustment system, remotely and centrally regulating, controlling and monitoring a plurality of controlled hydropower stations, achieving batch-wise and parallel remote dispatching and operation regulation and control of flood discharge gates of the controlled hydropower stations, and achieving remote operation regulation and control of power generation main body equipment of the controlled hydropower stations;
the digital centralized regulation and control method for the flood discharge gate of the large-scale watershed hydropower station comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the generating capacity of a hydraulic turbine set, the reservoir level reservoir capacity data, the synchronous historical generating production data of each controlled hydropower station, the hydrological prediction data and the meteorological prediction data of the controlled hydropower stations and the upstream of the controlled hydropower stations, uploading the acquired data to a drainage basin cascade power station reservoir level prediction system, and calculating a reservoir level prediction value according to the acquired data;
s2: calculating a power generation capacity predicted value of each controlled hydropower station according to the reservoir water level predicted value obtained in the S1, and obtaining a power generation plan and a flood discharge plan of the controlled hydropower stations according to the power generation capacity predicted value of the controlled hydropower stations;
s3: calculating the opening of a flood discharge gate by combining the actual water incoming condition according to the flood discharge plan of the controlled hydropower station obtained in the step S2;
s4: the high-frequency dynamic adjustment system for the reservoir level of the watershed cascade power station generates a regulation and control scheme by using the results of S2 and S3;
s5: and the remote centralized control system performs remote centralized control on the controlled hydropower station according to the control scheme generated by the S4, so as to realize the floating adjustment of the reservoir water level of the basin cascade hydropower station.
2. The digital centralized regulation and control method for the flood discharge gate of the hydropower station in the large watershed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-frequency dynamic adjustment system for the reservoir water level of the watershed cascade power station comprises high-frequency dynamic adjustment of the reservoir water level in the flood season and high-frequency dynamic adjustment of the reservoir water level in the medium and small flood;
when in flood season, the adjustment mode for carrying out high-frequency dynamic adjustment on the flood limit water level of the basin cascade power station library is as follows: when the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station with the watershed cascade does not have special scheduling requirements and does not need to be matched with the upstream and the downstream for flood control scheduling, the floating control of the reservoir water level can be carried out; when the plurality of controlled hydropower station reservoirs are required to carry out flood control dispatching, the reservoir flood control standard is not reduced, the downstream flood control pressure is not increased, and the water levels of the plurality of controlled hydropower station reservoirs are pre-discharged to the flood control limit water level before the arrival of flood water in a flood season;
when in a flood season, flood occurrence probability and intensity of a flood stage power station reservoir water level prediction system are respectively pre-judged 2-5 days in advance, and the high-frequency floating adjustment of the flood limit water level of the flood stage power station reservoir simultaneously meets the following conditions:
(1) within 2 days of foreseeable time, no heavy rainfall occurs upstream of the reservoir of the controlled hydropower station;
(2) within 3 days of foreseeable time, no strong rainfall and no flood occur in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river;
(3) the water level of key points at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river is lower than the warning water level, no flood occurs at the lower reaches within 5 days which can be predicted, and the key points at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river are difficult to reach the guaranteed water level;
when in flood season, the control principle of the high-frequency dynamic reservoir water level adjustment system is as follows: with utilizing hydrological weather forecast to carry out electricity generation in advance or discharge in advance, make the step power station reservoir can in time fall to flood control restriction water level, reduce the reservoir and abandon water, avoid the potential safety hazard of high water level flood discharge, specifically do:
(1) if the current incoming water flow is smaller than the full generating flow of the unit, the reservoir is maintained to operate at the upper limit water level of the water level floating control;
(2) if the current incoming water flow is larger than the full generating flow of the unit, the reservoir is maintained to operate at the lower limit water level of the water level floating control;
when the flood is subjected to medium and small floods, the high-frequency dynamic reservoir level adjusting system performs floating adjustment, and the adjusting principle is as follows:
(1) before medium and small flood occurs, according to the flood control mode and the hydrological weather forecast result, when the water flow is larger than the full flow in the forecast period, the output is increased in advance to realize pre-discharge;
(2) when medium and small flood occurs, the target water level and the downward drainage flow are adjusted according to the forecast water incoming process;
(3) when the flood in the warehouse is turned back and the water level in the warehouse reaches the target water level, determining the falling process of the water level in the warehouse according to the flood control situation and the hydrological meteorological forecast condition; if the weather form is bright and the later stage is basically rain-free, the falling speed is slow; otherwise, the falling speed is accelerated so as to reduce to the flood control limit water level or the lowest control water level.
3. The digital centralized regulation and control method for the flood discharge gate of the large-scale watershed hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein the regulation and control scheme formed in the step S4 requires the minimum operation amount, the maximum power generation amount and the minimum water abandoning amount, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) reading the reservoir water level of the controlled hydropower station to obtain the current reservoir capacity: assuming that the initial time is t0, the reservoir level in the initial state is Zt0According to reservoir level Zt0Obtaining the current storage capacity Wt0；
(2) When the controlled hydropower station is a first-stage hydropower station in the basin cascade hydropower station, the value Q is predicted in real time according to the hourly incoming water inlet flow of the controlled hydropower stationForecastingObtaining the incoming water warehousing flow of the reservoir per hour on the same day;
Qput in storage＝QForecasting
When the controlled hydropower station is a non-first-stage hydropower station in a basin cascade hydropower station, the incoming water warehousing flow Q of the reservoir in the day and hour is obtained according to the upstream power generation and the flood discharge flowPut in storage；
(3) From the power generation plan, the hourly power generation flow rate value of the water for power generation at the end time t1 is calculated as:
wherein, P is the generating capacity of the unit, and e is the water consumption;
(4) predicting the opening degree value of the flood discharge gate of one or more gates according to the current opening degree value of the gate of the controlled hydropower station, and obtaining the flood discharge flow value of each hour on the day according to the predicted opening degree value of the flood discharge gate:
wherein alpha is the opening degree of the flood discharge gate, and k is a coefficient.
(5) Calculating to obtain the expected value W of the storage capacity of the power stationt1Comprises the following steps:
Wt1＝(Qput in storage-QFlood discharge-QPower generation)*(t1-t0)-Wt0
(6) According to Wt1Obtaining the reservoir water level Z at the moment t1t1；
(7) Will Zt1With controlled hydropowerComparing the water level of the safe operation reservoir of the station reservoir when the water level is Zt1When the water level is higher than the water level of the safe operation reservoir and the power station is full, repeating the step (4) to increase the flood discharge flow; when Z ist1When the water level is higher than the water level of the safe operation reservoir and the power station is not full, repeating the step (3) to increase the power generation flow; when the reservoir water level is still too high after the flood discharge flow is increased, increasing the opening alpha of the flood discharge gate in the step (4); the adjustment is carried out until the reservoir water level floating control index is reached to Zt1Is less than the water level of the safe operation reservoir;
(8) when Z ist1And when the water level is adjusted to be less than the water level of the safe operation reservoir, a regulation and control scheme is formed.
4. The digital centralized regulation and control method for the flood discharge gate of the hydropower station in the large watershed according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the remote centralized regulation and control system comprises a remote control module, a remote regulation and control module, a remote viewing module, a broadcasting module, a monitoring module and a protection module; the remote centralized regulation and control system is used for carrying out data acquisition, abnormity detection, remote control, safety verification, full-time period visualization and advanced alarm on the controlled hydropower station, the remote centralized regulation and control system realizes linkage combination of a remote regulation module, a remote control module, a broadcasting module, a remote vision module and a monitoring module at a remote centralized control end, and the control of opening and closing of a gate of the controlled hydropower station and opening and closing of a generator set at the controlled hydropower station end;
the remote regulation module is used for operating and controlling the flood discharge gate, the remote control module is used for performing emergency treatment when the remote regulation module is abnormal, and the remote regulation module and the remote control module are combined to ensure the safety of the mechanical structure of the flood discharge gate when a large hydropower station is remotely operated at different places, so that physical damage caused by forced operation can be avoided;
the remote vision module is used for calling videos to monitor equipment in the operation process of a plurality of flood discharge gates of the controlled hydropower station, the remote vision module monitors flood discharge gate machinery and power generation gas nuclear parts by using a night vision type high-definition industrial camera, and the remote vision module is matched with the monitoring module and used for comprehensively monitoring the gates and the generator set of the controlled hydropower station;
the broadcast module is used for carrying out alarm broadcasting before flood discharge so as to achieve the purpose of dispersing people at a flood discharge outlet and around;
the protection module is used for operating and controlling the protection module to cut off the remote regulation operation loop when the remote control module and the remote regulation module are abnormal in operation, so that the reliability of remote operation is guaranteed.
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