CN114672701B - High-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114672701B CN114672701B CN202210407433.3A CN202210407433A CN114672701B CN 114672701 B CN114672701 B CN 114672701B CN 202210407433 A CN202210407433 A CN 202210407433A CN 114672701 B CN114672701 B CN 114672701B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0078—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only silicides
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the types and proportions of alloy elements are reasonably proportioned, the high-strength cast aluminum alloy is prepared by regulating and controlling the synergistic effect of eutectic morphology and primary strengthening precipitated phase, the added alloy elements are mainly Ce, ni, si, mg and other elements, and Al can be formed in an alloy structure 11 Ce 3 Phase, al 3 Ni phase, mg 2 Si phase and eutectic Si phase to prepare high-performance aluminum alloy with good castability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, in particular to a high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, good processing performance, difficult oxidation combustion and the like, and is the first choice of lightweight materials. At present, the new energy automobile is rapidly developed, and the demand for light weight is urgent, because the battery power density of the existing new energy automobile is low, and meanwhile, the weight of the whole automobile is obviously increased (20-40%), and the cruising ability of the new energy automobile is seriously influenced in the two aspects. The weight of the whole vehicle is reduced, the weight gain of the power system is counteracted through lightweight materials, the power system is suitable for the existing commercial energy, and the power system is considered to be the highest-cost-performance technical scheme. Many parts are pursuing light weight, and at the same time, there is an increasing demand for the performance of aluminum alloys.
The most widely developed Al-Si alloy in the cast aluminum alloy has better fluidity, and can be further reinforced by adding Mg, cu and other elements, but the mechanical properties of the alloy are generally low, for example, the tensile strength of the A356 alloy in a cast state is only 120MPa, and the elongation is 2.5%. Better mechanical properties often need to be obtained by further high temperature solution treatment and aging treatment, but this greatly increases the risk of bubbling and buckling deformation for many complex thin-walled parts, limiting the application of aluminum alloys.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem that the existing aluminum alloy is low in mechanical property.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention provides a high strength multi-eutectic cast aluminum alloy employing Ce, ni, si, mg element with Al to form Al 11 Ce 3 Phase, al 3 Ni phase, mg 2 Si phase and eutectic Si phase, wherein Al 11 Ce 3 As the main eutectic phase, si phase is hypoeutectic phase, al 3 Ni phase is a third eutectic phase, and the three phases are mutually attached to form a fine mixed eutectic structure, thereby providing casting performance and plasticity, and generating granular Mg in the structure 2 The Si phase produces a strengthening effect.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: the alloy comprises 5-7wt% of Ce, 1-2wt% of Ni, 1-3wt% of Si, 0.2-0.4wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.15wt% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the total amount of ce+ni in the aluminum alloy is controlled to 7-8 wt%; the content of the formed eutectic phase is not higher than 50vol%, so that casting fluidity is guaranteed, and the elongation is not reduced due to excessive eutectic phase.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, mg/Si in the aluminum alloy is 1.8 or less; so that Mg is totally formed into Mg 2 The Si hard primary precipitated phase has excellent effect of blocking dislocation reinforcement.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the content of Ti in the aluminum alloy is 0.1wt%; ti is a refinement element very effective for alpha-Al, and about 0.1wt% of Ti element is added into the aluminum melt, so that the Ti can be ensured to have a strong modification effect on the aluminum alloy, and grain refinement is facilitated.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, and firstly melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium of a matrix;
(2) When the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740-750 ℃, adding the dried Al-Si, al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, stirring to enable the intermediate alloy to be completely melted, and carrying out heat preservation treatment;
(3) Adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; then refining and degassing are carried out at 720-730 ℃;
(4) And (3) cooling the refined and deaerated aluminum liquid to 690-700 ℃ after deslagging, and casting and forming.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, after adding Al-Si, al-Ce, al-Ni master alloy in step (2), standing at 750 ℃ for 20-30 minutes; and (3) adding the Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and standing at 750 ℃ for 20 minutes.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the casting molding in step (4) adopts a metal gravity casting process or a low pressure casting process, and the mold temperature is 120-180 ℃.
The process characteristics of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention relates to a multi-element eutectic alloy design based on castability, which adopts three elements of Ce, ni and Si, and can form Al-Ce, al-Ni and eutectic silicon structure with Al, wherein, the alloy is formed by the three elements of Ce, ni and Si 3 The Ni phase forms a fine eutectic phase under conditions that promote nucleation. Wherein Al is 11 Ce 3 As a main eutectic phase, has better deformability than eutectic silicon; meanwhile, the total amount of Ce and Ni is controlled to 7-8wt%, so that the content of the formed eutectic phase is not higher than 50vol%, the casting fluidity is ensured, and the elongation is not reduced due to excessive eutectic phase. In this way, even if the elongation has a certain space, the casting fluidity can be promoted by adding a small amount of excess eutectic silicon phase.
(2) The invention is based on the design of high strength, on the one hand, al 11 Ce 3 And Al 3 The Ni phase has the effect of fine dispersion and has strengthening effect on the formation of aluminum matrix; on the other hand, mg/Si is designed to be 1.8 or less so that Mg is entirely formed into Mg 2 The Si hard primary precipitated phase has excellent effect of blocking dislocation reinforcement. The two strengthening effects are overlapped, so that the alloy has excellent strength performance.
(3) Ti is a refinement element very effective for alpha-Al, and about 0.1wt% of Ti element is added into the aluminum melt, so that the Ti can be ensured to have a strong modification effect on the aluminum alloy, and grain refinement is facilitated.
(4) Through researches, the addition temperature of the intermediate alloy of Al-Ce and Al-Ni is 750 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 20min, so that the bulk high-melting-point Al in the intermediate alloy can be ensured 11 Ce 3 And Al 3 The Ni phase is fully dissolved, and meanwhile, the burning loss of Ce and Ni elements is reduced as much as possible.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a high-strength multi-element eutectic aluminum alloy, which is prepared by reasonably proportioning the types and proportions of alloy elements and through the synergistic effect of regulating and controlling the eutectic form and strengthening the precipitated phase once, the added alloy elements are mainly Ce, ni, si, mg and other elements, and Al can be formed in an alloy structure 11 Ce 3 Phase, al 3 Ni phase, mg 2 Si phaseAnd eutectic Si phase to prepare high-performance aluminum alloy with good castability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of an aluminum alloy obtained in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy produced in comparative example 1.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy produced in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail by means of specific examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples only. The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The aluminum alloy material in the embodiment comprises the following constituent elements in percentage by mass: 6wt% of Ce, 2wt% of Ni, 1.5wt% of Si, 0.3wt% of Mg, 0.1wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of other impurity elements, and the balance of aluminum Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingot, pure Mg ingot, al-Ce intermediate alloy, al-Ni intermediate alloy, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ti intermediate alloy are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-Ce, al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, and then carrying out gravity casting at 700 ℃ and preheating a metal mold to 120 ℃.
As shown in FIG. 1, which is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy obtained in this example, it can be seen that Al 11 Ce 3 Is a main eutectic phase and is widely distributed in a matrix, and has beneficial effect on alloy fluidity; al (Al) 3 Ni phase and eutectic Si phase are mixed with Al 11 Ce 3 The nucleation refinement is promoted mutually in the main eutectic phase, so that a fine mixed eutectic structure with the dimension below 20 mu m is formed, and the coordination deformation capability is strong; at the same time, granular Mg 2 The Si phase is also distributed in the matrix and the eutectic structure, plays a role in an Orowan strengthening mechanism, and comprehensively realizes the balance of strong plasticity.
The aluminum alloy prepared in this example was subjected to tensile test by cutting a sample, and had a yield strength of 100MPa, a tensile strength of 155MPa and an elongation of 3.5% in a cast state.
Example 2
The aluminum alloy material in the embodiment comprises the following constituent elements in percentage by mass: ce is 5wt%, ni is 1wt%, si is 1.5wt%, mg is 0.3wt%, ti is 0.1wt%, the content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the balance is aluminum Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingot, pure Mg ingot, al-Ce intermediate alloy, al-Ni intermediate alloy, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ti intermediate alloy are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-Ce, al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, and then carrying out gravity casting at 700 ℃ and preheating a metal mold to 120 ℃. The aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment is subjected to tensile test by cutting a sample, and has yield strength of 102MPa, tensile strength of 150MPa and elongation of 5.2% in a cast state.
Example 3
The aluminum alloy material in the embodiment comprises the following constituent elements in percentage by mass: ce is 5wt%, ni is 1wt%, si is 1wt%, mg is 0.2wt%, ti is 0.05wt%, the content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the balance is aluminum Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingot, pure Mg ingot, al-Ce intermediate alloy, al-Ni intermediate alloy, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ti intermediate alloy are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 740 ℃, adding Al-Ce, al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 740 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, and then carrying out gravity casting at 690 ℃, wherein the preheating of a metal mold is 120 ℃.
Example 4
The aluminum alloy material in the embodiment comprises the following constituent elements in percentage by mass: 7wt% of Ce, 2wt% of Ni, 3wt% of Si, 0.4wt% of Mg, 0.15wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of other impurity elements, and the balance of aluminum Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingot, pure Mg ingot, al-Ce intermediate alloy, al-Ni intermediate alloy, al-Si intermediate alloy and Al-Ti intermediate alloy are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-Ce, al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 30 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, and then carrying out gravity casting at 700 ℃ and preheating a metal mold to 180 ℃.
Based on example 1, the influence of the Ni content on the properties of the aluminum alloy material was investigated using Ni as a variable, as shown in Table 1 below; comparative examples 1 and 2 were used as comparative experiment groups, al-6Ce-xNi-1.5Si-0.3Mg-0.1Ti, and the tensile strength and elongation were the highest with Ni content of about 2, and the yield strength was moderate.
As shown in FIG. 2, which is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy of comparative example 1, it can be seen that coarse eutectic phases and alpha-Al grains are formed when the Ni content is low (compared with example 1). As shown in fig. 3, which is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy produced in comparative example 2, it can be seen that when the Ni content is high (compared with example 1), a high volume fraction of eutectic phase is formed, resulting in a low elongation.
Based on the embodiment 1, the influence of Si content on the performance of the aluminum alloy material is studied by taking Si as a variable, and the data of comparative example 3 in Table 1 show that the tensile strength and the elongation are greatly reduced by reducing the Si content.
Based on the embodiment 1, the influence of the content of the mold temperature on the performance of the aluminum alloy material was studied by taking the mold temperature as a variable, and the mold temperature was increased, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were greatly reduced, as shown in comparative example 4 data in table 1.
It will be understood that the invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, and that various changes and equivalents may be made to these features and embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy is characterized in that: formation of Al with Ce, ni, si, mg element 11 Ce 3 Phase, al 3 Ni phase, mg 2 Si phase and eutectic Si phase, wherein Al 11 Ce 3 As the main eutectic phase, si phase is hypoeutectic phase, al 3 Ni phase is a third eutectic phase, and the three phases are mutually attached to form a fine mixed eutectic structure, mg 2 The Si phase is in granular distribution; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the alloy comprises 5-7wt% of Ce, 1-2wt% of Ni, 1-3wt% of Si, 0.2-0.4wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.15wt% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%; the total amount of Ce+Ni in the aluminum alloy is controlled to 7-8wt%.
2. The high strength multi-eutectic cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the Mg/Si in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 1.8.
3. The high strength multi-eutectic cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the content of Ti in the aluminum alloy is 0.1 wt.%.
4. A preparation method of high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The alloy component proportion preparation according to claim 1, wherein the pure aluminum and the pure magnesium of the matrix are melted first;
(2) When the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740-750 ℃, adding the dried Al-Si, al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, stirring to enable the intermediate alloy to be completely melted, and carrying out heat preservation treatment;
(3) Adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; then refining and degassing are carried out at 720-730 ℃;
(4) And (3) cooling the refined and deaerated aluminum liquid to 690-700 ℃ after deslagging, and casting and forming.
5. The method for producing a high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein: adding Al-Si, al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes; and (3) adding the Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and standing at 750 ℃ for 20 minutes.
6. The method for producing a high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein: and (4) casting and forming by adopting a metal gravity casting process or a low-pressure casting process, wherein the temperature of the die is 120-180 ℃.
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