CN114672701A - High-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0078—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only silicides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the types and the proportions of alloy elements are reasonably proportioned, the high-strength cast aluminum alloy is prepared by regulating and controlling the synergistic effect of eutectic morphology and a primary strengthening precipitation phase, the added alloy elements mainly comprise elements such as Ce, Ni, Si, Mg and the like, and Al can be formed in an alloy structure11Ce3Phase, Al3Ni phase, Mg2Si phase and eutectic Si phase to prepare high performance aluminum alloy with good castability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, in particular to a high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, good processability, difficult oxidation and combustion and the like, and is the first choice of lightweight materials. At present, new energy automobile develops fast, and the demand to the lightweight is very urgent, because present new energy automobile's battery power density is on the low side, and whole car weight gain is obvious (20 ~ 40%) simultaneously, and these two aspects have seriously influenced new energy automobile's duration. The whole vehicle is light in weight, the weight increment of a power system is counteracted through a light-weight material, the vehicle is suitable for the existing commercial energy, and the vehicle is considered as a technical scheme with the highest cost performance. While light weight is sought for many parts, increasingly higher demands are made on the performance of aluminum alloys.
The most widely developed cast aluminum alloy is Al-Si alloy which has better fluidity and can be further strengthened by adding elements such as Mg, Cu and the like, but the mechanical property of the Al-Si alloy is generally lower, for example, the tensile strength of the A356 alloy in a casting state is only 120MPa, and the elongation is 2.5%. Often, better mechanical properties can be obtained through further high-temperature solution treatment and aging treatment, but for many complex thin-wall parts, the risk of bubbling and buckling deformation is greatly increased, and the application of the aluminum alloy is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problem that the existing aluminum alloy is low in mechanical property.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy, wherein Al is formed by using Ce, Ni, Si, Mg and Al11Ce3Phase, Al3Ni phase, Mg2A Si phase and a eutectic Si phase, wherein Al11Ce3As a primary eutectic phase, Si phase is a secondary eutectic phase, Al3The Ni phase is a third eutectic phase, the three phases mutually adhere to each other to form a fine mixed eutectic structure, the casting performance and the plasticity are provided, and meanwhile, granular Mg is generated in the structure2The Si phase produces strengthening effect.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the aluminum alloy includes, in percentage by weight: 5-7 wt% of Ce, 1-2 wt% of Ni, 1-3 wt% of Si, 0.2-0.4 wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the total amount of Ce + Ni in the aluminum alloy is controlled to be 7-8 wt%; ensuring that the content of the formed eutectic phase is not higher than 50vol%, not only ensuring the casting fluidity, but also preventing the elongation from being reduced because of excessive eutectic phase.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the aluminum alloy has Mg/Si ≦ 1.8; so that Mg is totally formed into Mg2The Si is hard to precipitate at one time, and has excellent dislocation-resisting strengthening effect.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the content of Ti in the aluminum alloy is 0.1 wt%; ti is a very effective refining element for alpha-Al, about 0.1wt% of Ti element is added into the aluminum melt, so that the Ti can generate strong modification effect on the aluminum alloy, and the grain refinement is facilitated.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, firstly melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium of a matrix;
(2) when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740 and 750 ℃, adding the dried Al-Si, Al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt the intermediate alloy, and carrying out heat preservation treatment;
(3) adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; then refining and degassing are carried out at 720-730 ℃;
(4) and reducing the temperature of the aluminum liquid after refining, degassing and deslagging to 690 and 700 ℃ for casting and molding.
In one exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, after the Al-Si, Al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy is added in the step (2), standing and heat preservation are carried out for 20-30 minutes at 750 ℃; and (3) after adding the Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the step (4) of casting and forming adopts a metal mold gravity pouring process or a low-pressure casting process, and the mold temperature is 120-180 ℃.
The process of the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) the invention relates to a multi-element eutectic alloy design based on castability, which adopts three elements of Ce, Ni and Si to form Al-Ce, Al-Ni and eutectic silicon structures with Al3The Ni phase forms a fine eutectic phase under conditions that promote nucleation. Wherein Al is11Ce3As a main eutectic phase, the silicon eutectic crystal has better deformability than eutectic silicon; meanwhile, the total amount of Ce and Ni is controlled to be 7-8 wt%, so that the content of the formed eutectic phase is not higher than 50vol%, the casting fluidity is ensured, and the elongation is not reduced due to excessive eutectic phase. In this way, even when the elongation has a certain space, the casting fluidity can be promoted by adding a small amount of the excess eutectic silicon phase.
(2) The invention is based on a high-strength design, in one aspect, Al11Ce3And Al3The Ni phase has a fine dispersion effect and forms a strengthening effect on an aluminum matrix; on the other hand, the Mg/Si ratio is designed to be less than or equal to 1.8, so that Mg is formed by all Mg2The Si is hard to precipitate at one time, and has excellent dislocation-resisting strengthening effect. The two strengthening effects are superposed, so that the alloy has excellent strength performance.
(3) Ti is a very effective refining element for alpha-Al, and about 0.1wt% of Ti is selectively added into an aluminum melt, so that the Ti can generate a strong modification effect on the aluminum alloy, and the refining of crystal grains is facilitated.
(4) Researches show that the large-block high-melting-point Al in the intermediate alloy can be ensured by selecting the Al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy with the adding temperature of 750 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 20min11Ce3And Al3The Ni phase is fully dissolved, and simultaneously, the burning loss of Ce and Ni elements is reduced as much as possible.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a high-strength multi-element eutectic aluminum alloy, which is prepared by reasonably proportioning the types and proportions of alloy elements, preparing a high-strength cast aluminum alloy by regulating and controlling the synergistic effect of eutectic morphology and a primary strengthening precipitated phase, wherein the added alloy elements mainly comprise elements such as Ce, Ni, Si, Mg and the like, and Al can be formed in an alloy structure11Ce3Phase, Al3Ni phase, Mg2Si phase and eutectic Si phase to prepare high performance aluminum alloy with good castability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy produced in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy produced in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy produced in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail by the following specific embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6wt% of Ce, 2wt% of Ni, 1.5wt% of Si, 0.3wt% of Mg, 0.1wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum and Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingots, pure Mg ingots, Al-Ce intermediate alloys, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Si intermediate alloys and Al-Ti intermediate alloys are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-Ce, Al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, then carrying out gravity casting at 700 ℃, and preheating a metal mold to 120 ℃.
As shown in FIG. 1, which is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy obtained in the present example, it can be seen that Al is present11Ce3The eutectic phase is a main eutectic phase and is widely distributed in a matrix, so that the alloy has a beneficial effect on the fluidity of the alloy; al (Al)3Ni phase and eutectic Si phase are attachedly mixed in Al11Ce3In the main eutectic phase, nucleation and refinement are mutually promoted, a fine mixed eutectic structure with the size of below 20 mu m is formed, and the coordinated deformation capability is strong; at the same time, granular Mg2The Si phase is also distributed in the matrix and the eutectic structure, so that an Orowan strengthening mechanism is realized, and the balance of strong plasticity is comprehensively realized.
The aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment is subjected to tensile test by cutting a sample, and has yield strength of 100MPa, tensile strength of 155MPa and elongation of 3.5% in a casting state.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5wt% of Ce, 1wt% of Ni, 1.5wt% of Si, 0.3wt% of Mg, 0.1wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum and Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingots, pure Mg ingots, Al-Ce intermediate alloys, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Si intermediate alloys and Al-Ti intermediate alloys are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-Ce, Al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, then carrying out gravity casting at 700 ℃, and preheating a metal mold to 120 ℃. The aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment is subjected to tensile test by cutting a sample, and has yield strength of 102MPa, tensile strength of 150MPa and elongation of 5.2% in a casting state.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5wt% of Ce, 1wt% of Ni, 1wt% of Si, 0.2wt% of Mg, 0.05wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum and Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingots, pure Mg ingots, Al-Ce intermediate alloys, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Si intermediate alloys and Al-Ti intermediate alloys are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 740 ℃, adding Al-Ce, Al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 20 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 740 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, then carrying out gravity casting at 690 ℃, and preheating a metal mold to 120 ℃.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7wt% of Ce, 2wt% of Ni, 3wt% of Si, 0.4wt% of Mg, 0.15wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum and Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pure Al ingots, pure Mg ingots, Al-Ce intermediate alloys, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Si intermediate alloys and Al-Ti intermediate alloys are used as raw materials. Firstly, melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-Ce, Al-Ni and Al-Si intermediate alloy, standing and preserving heat for 30 minutes; adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes; refining, degassing and deslagging the melt, then carrying out gravity casting at 700 ℃, and preheating a metal mold to 180 ℃.
On the basis of example 1, the influence of the content of Ni on the performance of the aluminum alloy material is studied by taking Ni as a variable, and the following table 1 shows; comparative examples 1 and 2 are comparative experimental groups, Al-6Ce-xNi-1.5Si-0.3Mg-0.1Ti, and when the content of Ni is about 2, the tensile strength and elongation are highest, and the yield strength is moderate.
As shown in fig. 2, which is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy obtained in comparative example 1, it can be seen that when the Ni content is low (compared to example 1), coarse eutectic phases and α -Al crystal grains are formed. As shown in fig. 3, which is an SEM image of the aluminum alloy obtained in comparative example 2, it can be seen that when the Ni content is high (compared to example 1), a high volume fraction of eutectic phase is formed, resulting in a low elongation.
On the basis of example 1, the influence of the Si content on the performance of the aluminum alloy material is studied by taking Si as a variable, and the data of comparative example 3 in Table 1 shows that the Si content is reduced, and the tensile strength and the elongation are greatly reduced.
On the basis of example 1, the influence of the content of the mold temperature on the performance of the aluminum alloy material is studied by taking the mold temperature as a variable, and the data of comparative example 4 in table 1 show that the mold temperature is increased, and the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation rate are greatly reduced.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy is characterized in that: al is formed by Ce, Ni, Si, Mg and Al11Ce3Phase, Al3Ni phase, Mg2A Si phase and a eutectic Si phase, wherein Al11Ce3As a primary eutectic phase, Si phase is a secondary eutectic phase, Al3Ni phase is a third eutectic phase, and the three phases mutually adhere to each other to form a fine mixed eutectic structure, namely Mg2The Si phase is in granular distribution.
2. The high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: according to the weight percentage, the aluminum alloy comprises the following elements: 5-7 wt% of Ce, 1-2 wt% of Ni, 1-3 wt% of Si, 0.2-0.4 wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the total amount of the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%.
3. The high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy of claim 2, wherein: the total amount of Ce + Ni in the aluminum alloy is controlled to be 7-8 wt%.
4. The high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy of claim 2, wherein: the Mg/Si ratio in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 1.8.
5. The high strength multi-element eutectic cast aluminum alloy of claim 2, wherein: the content of Ti in the aluminum alloy is 0.1 wt%.
6. A preparation method of high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, firstly melting pure aluminum and pure magnesium of a matrix;
(2) when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740 and 750 ℃, adding the dried Al-Si, Al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt the intermediate alloy, and carrying out heat preservation treatment;
(3) adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; then refining and degassing are carried out at 720-730 ℃;
(4) and reducing the temperature of the aluminum liquid after refining, degassing and deslagging to 690 and 700 ℃ for casting and molding.
7. The method of producing a high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein: adding Al-Si, Al-Ce and Al-Ni intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes; and (3) after adding the Al-Ti intermediate alloy, standing at 750 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 minutes.
8. The method of producing a high-strength multi-element eutectic casting aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein: and (4) adopting a metal mold gravity pouring process or a low-pressure casting process for casting and molding, wherein the mold temperature is 120-180 ℃.
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| CN115029588A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-09 | 上海交通大学 | Non-heat-treatment high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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