CN114668775B - 纤维素衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用 - Google Patents
纤维素衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及纤维素衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。本发明药效试验证明,口服以HPC、HEC和CMC‑Na为代表的纤维素衍生物抑制了葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱发的结肠炎小鼠体重下降,改善了UC小鼠粪便性状和便血情况,能有效治疗UC小鼠的肠组织病理性损伤。同时,口服HPC改善了结肠炎小鼠的肠道菌群微生物多样性。由此说明以HPC为代表的纤维素衍生物能够充当调控肠道菌群的膳食纤维,改善溃疡性结肠炎的症状。不但拓宽了纤维素衍生物的医药用途,还为UC的治疗提供新的治疗药物,具有不可忽视的临床意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域,具体涉及纤维素衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。
背景技术
溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)于19世纪中叶被首次报道,其特征是从结肠粘膜到直肠近端的持续性和弥漫性炎症。UC的发病机制尚没有明确的科学论证,常与克罗恩病统称为肠道炎性疾病,其典型临床症状为便血、腹泻、体重减轻。大多数患者表现为间歇性慢性病和反复发作,工作和生活受到严重干扰和折磨。UC的流行病学研究表明,该病的发病率在北美和北欧正在迅速增加,目前在印度和日本等亚洲正在增加。目前治疗UC的临床药物有多种,包括 5-氨基水杨酸和皮质类固醇,但药物的副作用(如肾毒性、类固醇依赖)往往给患者带来困惑,或者手术和更昂贵的生物制剂也会给患者的生活带来巨大负担。因此,寻找一种高效、低毒、价廉的药物防治UC具有重要意义。
膳食纤维根据其可发酵性分为可发酵(可溶性)和不可发酵(不溶性)。纤维素是一种不溶性纤维,对哺乳动物胃肠道的消化酶具有抗性,并且不易被非反刍哺乳动物的肠道细菌发酵。不可发酵纤维可以通过增加长链脂肪酸的丰度和激活粘膜和全身Th2免疫反应来改善中枢神经系统特异性自身免疫疾病。尽管哺乳动物肠道微生物群发酵的纤维素很少,但其消耗纤维素有助于肠道微生物群组成的变化和一些生理效应。然而,不溶性纤维如何调节肠道稳态的潜在机制仍然知之甚少。有研究表明补充纤维素能改变肠道微生物群的组成,并防止葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱发的结肠炎。其机制可能是与维持肠道稳态微生物的有益代谢物(烟酸盐和烟酰胺)的扩张有关。
纤维素衍生物(cellulose derivatives)是以纤维素高分子中的羟基与化学试剂发生酯化或醚化反应后的生成物。其特点是在纤维素的基础改善了水溶性,拓展了纤维素在制药和食品工业领域的用途。羟丙基纤维素(HPC)是一种常见的纤维素醚,由去质子化的纤维素羟基与环氧丙烷在高温或高压条件下反应生成,按不同的羟丙基取代度程度可生产不同分子量及用途的HPC。纤维素醚的商业化历史可以追溯到20世纪初,低分子量的HPC(LHPC,羟丙氧基取代度为5%- 16%)常作为药品的固体制剂的崩解剂,高分子量的HPC(HHPC,羟丙氧基取代度为50%-80%)则常作为药品粘合剂、薄膜包衣材料。羟乙基纤维素(HEC)由碱性纤维素和环氧乙烷经醚化反应制备而成,在药品和化妆品领域用作表面活性剂、胶体保护剂、分散剂、乳化剂及分散稳定剂等。羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)由天然的纤维素和苛性碱及一氯醋酸反应后而制得的纤维素的羧甲基化衍生物,在食品和药品领域常用作增稠剂和乳化稳定剂。纤维素的衍生物虽然被改性,仍是一种不能被人体肠道微生物完全发酵的益生元膳食纤维,其在维持和促进人体胃肠道健康方面的独特作用一直被忽视。截至目前,还未见HPC、HEC、CMC-Na 等用于预防和治疗溃疡性结肠炎的相关报道。与上述对UC具有治疗作用的临床药物相比,HPC、HEC、CMC-Na等纤维素衍生物具有质量可控、制备成本低、纯度高、安全性好等优点。将HPC为代表的上述纤维素衍生物开发成为改善UC 的药物或功能性保健食品,具有较好的应用前景。
发明内容
鉴于此,为了解决现有技术中溃疡性结肠炎药物成本高、副作用大的问题,本发明提出了纤维素的衍生物在制备用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用, HPC、HEC、CMC-Na等纤维素的衍生物等容易获得,且作为安全的药用辅料无毒副作用,有利于降低结肠炎药物生产成本和提高患者顺应性。HPC、HEC、 CMC-Na等纤维素的衍生物本身具有的高粘度特性也有利于覆盖肠道溃疡面,保护肠道屏障,延缓炎症的进程。本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种预防和治疗溃疡性结肠炎效果显著的药物。
本发明提供纤维素的衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。
所述溃疡性结肠炎为急性或慢性溃疡性结肠炎,包括炎症性肠病。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
纤维素衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用,所述的纤维素衍生物包括HPC、HEC、CMC-Na,优选为HPC。
纤维素衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用,所述的HPC、HEC、 CMC-Na纤维素衍生物均配制成水溶液或均匀的水混悬液,根据具体的实施例,所述纤维素衍生物在结肠炎小鼠中的用量为150mg/KG体重和300mg/KG。LHPC 和HHPC分别代表低分子量和高分子量的羟丙基纤维素。
作为上述方案的进一步优化,所述药物采用口服给药,连续给药8天。
本发明提供一种纤维素衍生物在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。
其中,纤维素衍生物包括HPC、HEC、CMC-Na。
进一步,纤维素衍生物优选为羟丙氧基取代度为5%-16%(LHPC)和50%- 80%(HHPC)的两种分子量范围的HPC,给药方式优选为口服给药。在使用时,作为预防和/或治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物的活性成分,可以单独使用或与其他药物联合使用。
另外,所说的预防和/或治疗溃疡性结肠炎的纤维素衍生物药物的形式不限,可以是各种形式,包括但不限于:药物、保健品、功能性食品等。
有益效果
1、本发明纤维素衍生物通过抑制小鼠结肠缩短和出血、抑制小鼠体重和疾病活动指数下降来治疗溃疡性结肠炎,HPC还能维护结肠炎小鼠的肠道菌群的平衡。
2、本发明公开了HPC、HEC、CMC-Na纤维素衍生物除作为药用辅料外的新药理作用,采用本发明中纤维素衍生物均能显著抑制DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠体重的下降,显著抵抗小鼠结肠组织炎症细胞浸润和侵蚀,显著缓解小鼠结肠缩短、便血和腹泻。从而达到有效的治疗作用,并为UC的治疗提供了新的思路,也提供了纤维素衍生物(优选HPC)治疗UC的药物的新用途,纤维素衍生物与目前临床上用于治疗UC的药物相比安全性高、成本低廉。本发明从不同的视野寻找全新的药物靶标,不仅提供了为溃疡性结肠炎治疗寻找到新的治疗药物,也拓宽了纤维素衍生物的药物用途。同时,也证明了以HPC为代表的纤维素衍生物是一种肠道益生元,在预防UC的功能性食品市场也具有发展潜力。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图进行说明:
图1附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠疾病活动指数的影响,**p<0.01,***p<0.001VS模型组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001VS正常组。
图2附图为本发明羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠疾病活动指数的影响,**p<0.01,***p<0.001VS模型组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001VS正常组。
图3附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠体重的影响,下降率是与初始体重对比而得,*p<0.05,***p<0.001VS模型组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01VS正常组。
图4附图为本发明羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠体重的影响,下降率是与初始体重对比而得,*p<0.05, ***p<0.001VS模型组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01VS正常组。
图5附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠结肠长度的影响,具体为结肠肠段图片。分组为(A)正常组、(B)模型组、(C) 低剂量LHPC治疗组(D)高剂量LHPC治疗组(E)低剂量HHPC治疗组(F)高剂量HHPC治疗组。
图6附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠结肠长度的影响,具体为结肠长度数值的变化,***p<0.001VS模型组; ###p<0.001VS正常组。
图7附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠结肠病理变化的影响,具体为病理组织切片HE染色图片。分组为(A)正常组、(B)模型组、(C)低剂量LHPC治疗组(D)高剂量LHPC治疗组(E)低剂量 HHPC治疗组(F)高剂量HHPC治疗组。
图8附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠结肠病理变化的影响,具体为结肠组织损伤的病理学评分,**p<0.01,***p<0.001VS模型组;###p<0.001VS正常组。
图9附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素(L-LHPC:150mg/kg LHPC;H-LHPC:300 mg/kgLHPC;L-HHPC:150mg/kg HHPC;H-HHPC:300mg/kg HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠肠道菌群Beta多样性分析,具体为PCOA分析,NC代表正常组,DSS代表模型组,不同坐标位置代表每只小鼠的肠道菌群相似性。
图10附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠肠道菌群 Beta多样性分析,具体为NMDS分析,分组名同图9,不同坐标位置代表每只小鼠的肠道菌群相似性。
图11附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠肠道菌群属水平丰度分析,分组名同图9,不同颜色深度代表每个肠道菌群属水平的丰度, *p<0.05,**p<0.01,and***p<0.001代表显著性差异分析。
图12附图为本发明羟丙基纤维素对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠肠道菌群属水平Kruskal-Wallis H检验显著性差异分析,分组名同图9,不同柱形图颜色代表分组,不同柱形图长度代表对应的肠道菌群占所检测到的所有肠道菌群物种属水平的平均比值,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,and***p<0.001代表各组间存在显著性差异。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或者制造商建议的条件进行。
本实施例中所使用的羟丙基纤维素(LHPC、HHPC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司,将上述纤维素衍生物溶解在蒸馏水中,按照150mg/KG或300mg/KG给小鼠灌胃。粪便隐血检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物技术有限公司,DSS(Dextran Sodium Sulfate;葡聚糖硫酸钠)购自购自美国MPBiomedicals公司。
DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎动物模型是医药领域认可的经典的急性溃疡性结肠炎造模方法,配成2.5%水溶液。参考文献:Chassaing B,Aitken JD,Malleshappa M, etal.Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice.Curr ProtocImmunol.2014Feb 4;104:15.25.1-15.25.14.
实施例1羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠疾病活动指数的影响
受试药物羟丙基纤维素一共四组,每组6只小鼠,每组小鼠口服150mg/KG 或300mg/KG的LHPC、HHPC水溶液,同时自由饮用2.5%(w/v)DSS水溶液。模型组小鼠自由饮用2.5%(w/v)DSS水溶液,正常组小鼠自由饮用干净的蒸馏水,两个对照组口服等体积的生理盐水作对照。实验周期为8天,每天观察各组小鼠状态并记录体重和粪便数据。
疾病活动指数包括小鼠的体重下降评分、粪便性状评分和便血严重程度评分,总评分取三个指标的平均值,按照下表1的方式进行评估:
表1疾病活动评分细则
得分 | 体重下降(%) | 粪便性状 | 便血情况 |
0 | <1 | 正常 | 无 |
1 | 1-5 | 干;软 | 弱隐血 |
2 | 6-10 | 软;未成形 | 强隐血 |
3 | 11-18 | 湿软;未成形 | 可见的血便 |
4 | ≥18 | 腹泻 | 直肠出血 |
结果如图1所示,DSS造模后小鼠出现血便、腹泻,150mg/KG和300mg/KG 的LHPC、HHPC均能减轻结肠炎小鼠的疾病活动指数,改善其粪便评分。相比较而言,300mg/KG的LHPC和HHPC的效果更佳。
实施例2羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)对溃疡性结肠炎 Blab/c雄性小鼠疾病活动指数的影响
受试药物剂量、小鼠模型构建,给药方式同实施例1。结果如图2所示,DSS 造模后小鼠出现血便、腹泻,150mg/KG和300mg/KG的HEC、CMC-Na均能减轻结肠炎小鼠的疾病活动指数,改善其粪便评分。相比较而言,300mg/KG的 HEC和CMC-Na的效果更佳。
实施例3羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠体重的影响
受试药物剂量、小鼠模型构建,给药方式同实施例1。体重以第0天的为100%,在此基础上体重变化以百分制计算。
如图3所示,DSS造模后小鼠体重持续性地下降,两种剂量下的LHPC和 HHPC对结肠炎小鼠的体重维持都具有显著效果,各HPC治疗组小鼠体重变化无明显差异。
实施例4羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)对溃疡性结肠炎 Blab/c雄性小鼠体重的影响
受试药物剂量、小鼠模型构建,给药方式同实施例1。体重以第0天的为100%,在此基础上体重变化以百分制计算。如图4所示,DSS造模后小鼠体重持续性地下降,HEC和CMC-Na治疗组均能在实验后期显著缓解小鼠体重下降的程度,相比而言300mg/KG的HEC和CMC-Na治疗组的效果更佳。
实施例5羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠结肠长度的影响
受试药物剂量、小鼠模型构建,给药方式同实施例1。第8天处死小鼠,取出结肠,测量长度。
如图5、6所示,DSS造模后能因肠道炎症加剧和严重出血,最终导致结肠长度缩短变粗。各个HPC治疗组均能显著抑制结肠的缩短,其中高剂量组 (300mg/KG)的LHPC、HHPC效果更佳。
实施例6羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠结肠病理变化的影响
受试药物剂量、小鼠模型构建,给药方式同实施例1。第8天处死小鼠,取出结肠,从靠近直肠端剪取1cm长度的肠段,浸泡在4%多聚甲醛中,之后石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色观察肠壁结构的变化,并进行评分,评分标准参照表2进行,组织学总得分是上皮和浸润得分的总和。评分标准如下表2所示:
表2肠组织病理学评分细则
结果如图7、8所示,DSS造模后能引起炎症细胞的浸润,隐窝脓肿的形成,杯状细胞丢失,粘膜增厚,水肿丰富,肠道屏障被破坏。150mg/KG和 300mg/KG的LHPC、HHPC均能在不同程度上使上述变化减轻,甚至仅仅出现轻微的炎症,其中高剂量组(300mg/KG)的LHPC、HHPC效果更佳。
实施例7羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠肠道菌群Beta多样性的影响
受试药物剂量、小鼠模型构建,给药方式同实施例1。第8天处死小鼠,取出盲肠内容物,基于细菌16S V3-V4可变区,利用Illumina/Miseq二代测序技术平台进行高通量测序技术及生物信息学分析方法,研究HPC对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响。Beta多样性结果如图9、10所示,PCOA分析和NMDS 分析均显示DSS能够显著改变正常小鼠的菌群多样性,使之偏离正常小鼠菌群的相对坐标,而给予HPC治疗后,能够显著改善这种菌群的失衡,使得结肠炎小鼠的数据坐标位置偏向正常组而远离疾病组。口服300mg/KG的LHPC和HHPC对小鼠的肠道菌群Beta多样性改善最为明显,阻止了结肠炎小鼠的肠道菌群失衡。
实施例8羟丙基纤维素(LHPC,HHPC)对溃疡性结肠炎Blab/c雄性小鼠肠道菌群属水平丰度的影响
受试药物剂量、小鼠模型构建,给药方式同实施例1,检测方式同实施例7。第8天处死小鼠,取出盲肠内容物,进行16S rRNA测序检测微生物多样性差异。肠道菌群属水平丰度结果如图11、图12所示,结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群中Alistipes, Odoribacter,norank_f__Lachnospiraceae,Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006,Helicobacter, Candidatus_Saccharimonas等微生物在属水平发生显著性改变,而给予HPC治疗后,能够保护这些微生物的失衡,其中口服300mg/KG的LHPC和HHPC对结肠炎小鼠的肠道菌群属水平丰度改善最为明显。
上述实验结果表明,羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠能够减轻DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的疾病活动指数,抑制小鼠体重减轻。其中,羟丙基纤维素能显著抑制结肠炎小鼠结肠缩短的程度,保护肠道屏障,高剂量 (300mg/KG)的LHPC和HHPC治疗组效果似乎最为显著,小鼠仅仅表现轻微的炎症,两种分子量的HPC治疗效果总体无明显差别,对小鼠也没有任何不良影响。并且,HPC能够显著改善UC小鼠的菌群失衡,证明了以HPC为代表的纤维素衍生物在UC治疗中的益生元潜力。
对于任何熟悉本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何的简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均应仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不限于此。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (5)
1.纤维素衍生物作为活性成分在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的纤维素衍生物为羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的纤维素衍生物为羟丙氧基取代度为5% - 16%或50% - 80%的羟丙基纤维素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述溃疡性结肠炎为急性或慢性溃疡性结肠炎。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的纤维素衍生物与5-氨基水杨酸、肾上腺皮质激素中一种或多种共同作为活性成分在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述纤维素衍生物的剂型为片剂,胶囊,或缓释制剂。
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