CN114665145A - Lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114665145A CN114665145A CN202210323329.6A CN202210323329A CN114665145A CN 114665145 A CN114665145 A CN 114665145A CN 202210323329 A CN202210323329 A CN 202210323329A CN 114665145 A CN114665145 A CN 114665145A
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- lithium ion
- sensitive
- poisoning
- ion battery
- battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery, which comprises a battery shell and at least one self-destruction poisoning layer, wherein the battery shell is provided with a battery inner cavity, and a battery core is arranged in the battery inner cavity; the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged inside the battery core and comprises an outer shell, the outer shell is provided with an accommodating inner cavity, at least a poisoning agent is filled in the accommodating inner cavity, at least one part of the surface area of the outer shell is a sensitive area, and the sensitive area is configured to be capable of being broken at a preset sensitive value and expose the accommodating cavity. In the lithium ion battery, the self-destruction poisoning layer arranged in the battery core of the lithium ion battery can release the poisoning agent, and the poisoning agent can disable the electrolyte, the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material and the like, so that the lithium ion battery does not generate exothermic reactions of heat generation and gas generation, the thermal failure of the lithium ion battery is restrained at a primary stage, and the occurrence of thermal runaway chain reactions caused by the lithium ion battery is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the characteristics of high energy density, long cycle life and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of electric automobiles, energy storage power stations and the like, however, along with the continuous rising of the demand of consumers for the energy density of the lithium ion battery, the safety accidents of the lithium ion battery are also rising year by year. Research results show that safety accidents of most new energy automobiles and energy storage power stations are related to lithium ion batteries.
At present, the mode of preventing safety accidents generally selects to add a flame retardant additive into electrolyte and modify the surface of a diaphragm, or to coat the surface of an electrode by adopting a material with high thermal stability so as to improve the thermal stability of a lithium ion battery. However, these modification methods inevitably reduce the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery, reduce the porosity of the separator, and significantly increase the thickness of the separator, which is not favorable for the effective transmission of lithium ions in the separator. Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to develop a safe and effective way to prevent explosion of lithium ion batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a lithium ion battery for solving the technical problem that the lithium ion battery is prone to explosion.
The invention provides a lithium ion battery, comprising:
a battery housing having a battery cavity with a cell therein;
the self-destruction and poisoning layer is arranged inside the battery core and comprises an outer shell, the outer shell is provided with an accommodating inner cavity, at least a poisoning agent is filled in the accommodating inner cavity, at least one part of the surface area of the outer shell is a sensitive area, and the sensitive area is configured to be capable of being broken at a preset sensitive value and expose the accommodating cavity.
In one embodiment, the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged in the positive electrode layer of the battery core; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged in the negative electrode layer of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged in a diaphragm layer of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the self-destruction and poisoning layer is arranged in the electrolyte of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged between the positive electrode layer and the diaphragm layer of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged between the negative electrode layer and the diaphragm layer of the battery cell.
In one embodiment, the sensitive area of the outer shell is formed by a sensitive substance.
In one embodiment, the outer shell is made of a sensitive substance, and all the surface area of the outer shell forms the sensitive area.
In one embodiment, the sensitive material is a temperature sensitive material, the sensitive region is a temperature sensitive region, the sensitive value is a sensitive temperature value, and the temperature sensitive region is configured to be ruptured at a preset sensitive temperature value.
In one embodiment, the sensitive substance is a pressure sensitive substance, the sensitive region is a pressure sensitive region, the sensitive value is a sensitive pressure value, and the pressure sensitive region is configured to be ruptured at a preset sensitive pressure value.
In one embodiment, the poisoning agent is a material comprising at least one of an amine group, an alcohol group, an ester group, an ether group, and a hydrated compound.
In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery includes:
a diffuser filled in the receiving cavity, the diffuser configured to facilitate diffusion of the poisoning agent.
In one embodiment, the self-destructing poisoning layer has a plate-shaped structure, and a plurality of self-destructing poisoning layers are assembled in parallel, and a gap is formed between adjacent self-destructing poisoning layers.
In one embodiment, the outer shell has a thickness of between 1 and 10 microns.
In the lithium ion battery, when the factors such as temperature, pressure or humidity are abnormal due to abuse conditions and the like of the lithium ion battery, the self-destruction poisoning layer arranged in the electric core of the lithium ion battery can quickly release the poisoning agent to diffuse into the whole electric core of the lithium ion battery, and the self-destruction poisoning layer can cover a larger area region, so that a poisoning agent can be released to the larger area region no matter each self-destruction poisoning layer is broken, the poisoning agent can disable the electrolyte, the anode active material, the cathode active material and the like, the lithium ion battery can not generate exothermic reaction of heat generation and gas generation, the thermal failure of the lithium ion battery is inhibited at a primary stage, and the generation of thermal runaway chain reaction caused by the lithium ion battery is prevented, therefore, the combustion and explosion of the lithium ion battery are prevented, and the safety of each battery cell in the lithium ion battery is guaranteed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a lithium ion battery provided in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a lithium-ion battery provided in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-destruct poisoning layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100. a battery case; 200. self-destroying a poisoning layer;
210. an outer shell; 220. a poisoning agent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are for purposes of illustration only and do not denote a single embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium ion battery, which includes a battery housing 100 and at least one self-destruction poisoning layer 200, where the battery housing 100 has a battery cavity, and the battery cavity has a battery core therein; at least one self-destruction and disinfection layer 200 is arranged inside the battery core, the self-destruction and disinfection layer 200 includes an outer shell 210, the outer shell 210 has a receiving inner cavity, at least a poisoning agent 220 is filled in the receiving inner cavity, at least a part of the surface area of the outer shell 210 is a sensitive area, and the sensitive area is configured to be capable of breaking at a preset sensitive value and expose the receiving cavity.
Based on the structure of the battery cell of the lithium ion battery, the battery cell has a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, a separator layer and an electrolyte, in one embodiment, the self-destruction poisoning layer 200 may be disposed in the positive electrode layer of the battery cell; alternatively, the self-destruction and poisoning layer 200 is disposed in the negative electrode layer of the battery cell; alternatively, the self-destruction poisoning layer 200 is disposed in a diaphragm layer of the battery cell; alternatively, the self-destruction and poisoning layer 200 is disposed in the electrolyte of the battery cell; alternatively, the self-destruction poisoning layer 200 is disposed between the positive electrode layer and the separator layer of the battery cell; or, the self-destruction and detoxification layer 200 is disposed between the negative electrode layer and the separator layer of the battery cell, and a person skilled in the art may also dispose the self-destruction and detoxification layer 200 at another position in the battery cell of the lithium ion battery as required, so that the self-destruction and detoxification layer 200 does not participate in the operation of the lithium ion battery under the normal working condition of the lithium ion battery.
The self-destruction and poisoning layer 200 is a plate-shaped structure, the self-destruction and poisoning layers 200 are assembled in parallel, a gap is formed between every two adjacent self-destruction and poisoning layers 200, the self-destruction and poisoning layer 200 of the plate-shaped structure has a large coverage area obtained by unfolding, when the self-destruction and poisoning layer 200 is assembled inside the battery cell, each self-destruction and poisoning layer 200 can cover a large area region, and therefore, the poisoning agent 220 can be released to the large area region no matter each self-destruction and poisoning layer 200 is broken.
The thickness of the outer shell 210 is between 1 micron and 10 microns, for example, the thickness of the outer shell 210 is within 1 micron and 10 microns, for example, the size of the outer shell 210 is 1 micron, 1.5 micron, 2 microns, 2.5 microns, 3 microns, 3.5 microns, 4 microns, 4.5 microns, 5 microns, 5.5 microns, 6 microns, 6.5 microns, 7 microns, 7.5 microns, 8 microns, 8.5 microns, 9 microns, 9.5 microns, or 10 microns.
The outer shell 210 may sense explosion of the lithium ion battery according to a special change factor of the battery cell, for example, the lithium ion battery may have abnormal changes in temperature, pressure, humidity and other factors before explosion, which may all be used as sensitive factors that can be sensed by a sensitive area, in one embodiment, the sensitive area of the outer shell 210 is formed by a sensitive substance, and the sensitive substance may be a substance that can sense the corresponding sensitive factor.
The specific area of the sensitive region on the outer shell 210 may be set as required, theoretically, as long as a part of the surface area of the outer shell 210 is broken, the sensitive region may leak out of the accommodating cavity, and further release the poisoning agent 220 in the accommodating space, causing at least a part of the cell to fail, thereby blocking the internal exothermic reaction of the cell, the temperature sensitive region on the outer shell 210 may be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% of the total surface area of the outer shell 210, for example, in one embodiment, the outer shell 210 is made of a sensitive substance, the total surface area of the outer shell 210 constitutes the sensitive region, and the outer shell 210 can rapidly release the poisoning agent 220 by breaking the total surface area of the outer shell 210 as a whole.
The outer shell 210 may sense explosion of the lithium ion battery according to a temperature variation factor of the battery cell, in one embodiment, the sensitive material is a temperature sensitive material, the sensitive region is a temperature sensitive region, the sensitive value is a sensitive temperature value, the temperature sensitive region is configured to be capable of breaking at a preset sensitive temperature value, wherein the sensitive temperature value of the temperature sensitive region of the outer shell 210 may be limited to 60 ℃ to 250 ℃, for example, the sensitive temperature value of the temperature sensitive region of the outer shell 210 may be limited to 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 190 ℃, 195 ℃, 200 ℃, 205 ℃ 210 ℃, 215 ℃, 220 ℃, 225 ℃, 230 ℃, 235 ℃, 240 ℃, 245 ℃, 250 ℃ and the like, and persons skilled in the art can select appropriate sensitive temperature values according to requirements to adjust the sensitivity degree of the temperature sensitive area and control the fire extinguishing effect, and the invention is not limited herein.
The temperature sensitive substance may be made of a suitable material to adjust the sensitive temperature value, for example, the temperature sensitive substance may be at least one of a rubber material, a polyester material, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a low-density polyethylene, a polycaprolactone, a polyethylene oxide, a polyethylene glycol, an ethylene octene copolymer, an ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, and a polyethylene glycol succinate, and the outer shell 210 may sense the explosion of the lithium ion battery according to the temperature change of the battery cell by using the temperature sensing function of the temperature sensitive substance.
When the temperature sensitive substance is a rubber material, the temperature sensitive value of the temperature sensitive substance may be limited to 180 ℃ to 250 ℃, and may be specifically limited to 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 190 ℃, 195 ℃, 200 ℃, 205 ℃, 210 ℃, 215 ℃, 220 ℃, 225 ℃, 230 ℃, 235 ℃, 240 ℃, 245 ℃, 250 ℃ or the like, for example.
When the temperature sensitive material is a polyester material, the temperature sensitive material may have a temperature sensitive value of 60 ℃ to 200 ℃, for example, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 190 ℃, 195 ℃, 200 ℃ and the like, which are not limited herein.
When the temperature sensitive material is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the temperature sensitive value of the temperature sensitive material may be limited to 180 ℃ to 250 ℃, for example, 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 190 ℃, 195 ℃, 200 ℃, 205 ℃, 210 ℃, 215 ℃, 220 ℃, 225 ℃, 230 ℃, 235 ℃, 240 ℃, 245 ℃, 250 ℃ and the like, which is not limited herein.
When the temperature sensitive material is low density polyethylene, the temperature sensitive value of the temperature sensitive material may be limited to 100 ℃ to 130 ℃, for example, to 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, and the like, which is not limited herein.
When the temperature sensitive substance is polycaprolactone, the temperature sensitive value of the temperature sensitive substance can be limited to 60-80 deg.C, such as 60 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 75 deg.C, and 80 deg.C
When the temperature sensitive material is polyethylene oxide, the temperature sensitive value of the temperature sensitive material may be limited to 60 ℃ to 90 ℃, for example, may be specifically limited to 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃ and the like, and is not limited herein.
When the temperature sensitive substance is polyethylene glycol, the temperature sensitive value of the temperature sensitive substance may be limited to 40 ℃ to 70 ℃, for example, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃ and the like, which is not limited herein.
When the temperature sensitive material is an ethylene octene copolymer, the temperature sensitive material may have a sensitive temperature of 100 ℃ to 150 ℃, for example, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃ and the like, which is not limited herein.
When the temperature sensitive material is an ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, the temperature sensitive material may be limited to a temperature of 100 ℃ to 200 ℃, and may be specifically limited to 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 190 ℃, 195 ℃, 200 ℃ or the like, for example, and is not limited thereto.
When the temperature sensitive substance is polyethylene glycol succinate, the temperature sensitive value of the temperature sensitive substance may be limited to 100 ℃ to 150 ℃, for example, may be specifically limited to 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃ and the like, and is not limited herein.
When the temperature of the lithium ion battery is abnormal due to abuse conditions and other reasons, a diaphragm layer in a battery core of the lithium ion battery can crack or shrink, so that a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer of the battery core are in heat release reaction due to mutual contact, the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery is increased, at the moment, a self-destruction poisoning layer 200 arranged in the battery core of the lithium ion battery, such as the self-destruction poisoning layer 200 arranged in the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, the diaphragm layer or electrolyte, can crack at a certain sensitive temperature value, a poisoning agent 220 in the self-destruction poisoning layer 200 can be rapidly released and diffused to the whole battery core of the lithium ion battery, the poisoning agent 220 can disable the electrolyte, a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material and the like, so that the heat release reaction of heat and gas generation of the lithium ion battery is not generated any more, the thermal failure of the lithium ion battery is inhibited at a primary stage, and the occurrence of thermal runaway chain reaction caused by the lithium ion battery is prevented, therefore, the combustion and explosion of the lithium ion battery are prevented, and the safety of each battery cell in the lithium ion battery is guaranteed.
Besides, the outer shell 210 may also sense the explosion of the lithium ion battery according to the pressure variation factor of the battery cell, in one embodiment, the sensitive substance is a pressure sensitive substance, the sensitive region is a pressure sensitive region, the sensitive value is a sensitive pressure value, the pressure sensitive region is configured to be capable of breaking at a preset sensitive pressure value, the temperature sensitive substance may also be at least one of a rubber material, a polyester material, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a low density polyethylene, a polycaprolactone, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, an ethylene octene copolymer, an ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, and polyethylene glycol succinate, and when the substances are used, the normal sensitive pressure value can be generally determined to be between 0.1MPa and 0.5MPa, for example, the sensitive pressure values are 0.1MPa, 0.15MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.25MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.35MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.45MPa, 0.5MPa, etc., without limitation. By utilizing the pressure sensing function of rubber materials, polyester materials, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, low-density polyethylene, polycaprolactone, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, ethylene octene copolymers, ethylene acrylic acid copolymers, polyethylene glycol succinate and the like, the outer shell 210 can sense the explosion of the lithium ion battery according to the pressure change of the battery cell.
When the pressure of the lithium ion battery is abnormal due to abuse conditions and other reasons, a diaphragm layer in a battery core of the lithium ion battery can crack or shrink, so that a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer of the battery core are in heat release reaction due to mutual contact, the internal pressure of the lithium ion battery is increased, at the moment, a self-destruction poisoning layer 200 arranged in the battery core of the lithium ion battery, such as the self-destruction poisoning layer 200 arranged in the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, the diaphragm layer or electrolyte, can crack under a certain sensitive pressure value, a poisoning agent 220 in the self-destruction poisoning layer 200 can be rapidly released and diffused into the whole battery core of the lithium ion battery, the poisoning agent 220 can disable the electrolyte, a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material and the like, so that the heat release reaction of heat and gas generation of the lithium ion battery is not generated any more, the thermal failure of the lithium ion battery is inhibited at a primary stage, and the occurrence of thermal runaway chain reaction caused by the lithium ion battery is prevented, therefore, the combustion and explosion of the lithium ion battery are prevented, and the safety of each battery cell in the lithium ion battery is guaranteed.
Any substance may be used as the poisoning agent 220, as long as the poisoning agent 220 can disable the internal structure of the cell and prevent the internal exothermic reaction of the cell, for example, in one embodiment, the poisoning agent 220 is a substance including at least one of an amine group, an alcohol group, an ester group, an ether group, and a hydrated compound.
In one embodiment, the poisoning agent 220 may be amines such as ethylenediamine, trihexylamine, dibenzylamine, etc., and the poisoning principle is to react with solvent components in the electrolyte, so as to reduce the conductivity of the electrolyte and improve the charge transfer resistance, thereby reducing the maximum thermal failure temperature of the battery by about 50% and reducing the heat generation amount by about 50%. The poisoning agent 220 can also be esters such as tributyl phosphate, vinyl trifluoromethyl carbonate, octyl diphenylphosphate and the like, and the poisoning principle is that the poisoning agent and combustible electrolyte are subjected to polymerization reaction to generate a physical interlayer, so that solid-solid and solid-liquid interface contact in the battery is reduced, the sustained progress of exothermic side reactions is reduced, the maximum temperature of thermal failure of the battery is reduced by about 40%, and the heat production is reduced by about 60%. The poisoning agent 220 may also be ethers such as hexafluoroisopropyl methyl ether and methyl nonafluoroether, and the poisoning principle is to reduce the maximum temperature of thermal failure of the battery by about 40% and reduce the heat generation amount by about 60%. The poisoning agent 220 may be an alkane such as 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl) pentane, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-2-trifluoromethylpentane, etc., and has a poisoning principle of delaying the phase transition oxygen release temperature of the positive electrode, adsorbing combustible gas molecules on the negative electrode side, and reducing the heat generation amount by about 40%. The poisoning agent 220 may also be 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole-bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidine-bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt, or other salts, and has a poisoning principle of reacting with an electrolyte, consuming combustible components, adsorbing combustible gas molecules on the negative electrode side, and reducing the heat generation by about 40%. The poisoning agent 220 can also be hydrates such as aluminum sulfate hexahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and the like, and the poisoning principle is that dehydration reaction is carried out at high temperature, the dehydration reaction is carried out with electrolyte components and a lithium-embedded negative electrode, the thermal runaway is avoided, and the heat release of the system is reduced by about 70%. One skilled in the art can select suitable materials according to needs, and the materials are not limited herein.
The poisoning agent 220 may be released into the environment based on its own characteristics, or the poisoning agent 220 may be promoted to be released into the environment by other substances, for example, in one embodiment, the lithium ion battery includes:
a diffusing agent filled in the accommodating cavity, the diffusing agent being configured to promote diffusion of the poisoning agent 220, the diffusing agent being polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, or the like, reduce the surface tension of the poisoning agent 220, facilitate wetting and spreading of the poisoning agent 220 on the surface of the object of application, aid penetration of the poisoning agent 220, and promote spreading of the poisoning agent 220 inside the cell within 30 seconds within a temperature range of 80 ℃ to 250 ℃.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium ion battery, comprising:
a battery housing having a battery cavity with a cell therein;
the self-destruction and poisoning layer is arranged inside the battery core and comprises an outer shell, the outer shell is provided with an accommodating inner cavity, at least a poisoning agent is filled in the accommodating inner cavity, at least one part of the surface area of the outer shell is a sensitive area, and the sensitive area is configured to be capable of being broken at a preset sensitive value and expose the accommodating cavity.
2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the self-destructing detoxification layer is disposed within a positive electrode layer of the cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged in the negative electrode layer of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged in a diaphragm layer of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction and poisoning layer is arranged in the electrolyte of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged between the positive electrode layer and the diaphragm layer of the battery cell; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the self-destruction poisoning layer is arranged between the negative electrode layer and the diaphragm layer of the battery cell.
3. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the sensing region of the outer casing is formed by a sensing substance.
4. The lithium ion battery of claim 3, wherein the outer shell is made of a sensitive material, and all of the surface area of the outer shell constitutes the sensitive region.
5. The lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the sensitive material is a temperature sensitive material, the sensitive region is a temperature sensitive region, the sensitive value is a sensitive temperature value, and the temperature sensitive region is configured to be ruptured at a preset sensitive temperature value.
6. The lithium ion battery of claim 4, wherein the sensitive material is a pressure sensitive material, the sensitive region is a pressure sensitive region, and the sensitive value is a sensitive pressure value, and the pressure sensitive region is configured to rupture at a preset sensitive pressure value.
7. The lithium ion battery of any of claims 1-6, wherein the poisoning agent is a material comprising at least one of an amine group, an alcohol group, an ester group, an ether group, and a hydrated compound.
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 7, comprising:
a diffuser filled in the containment cavity, the diffuser configured to facilitate diffusion of the poisoning agent.
9. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the self-destruction-poisoning layer has a plate-like structure, and a plurality of the self-destruction-poisoning layers are assembled in parallel with each other with a gap between adjacent self-destruction-poisoning layers.
10. The lithium ion battery of claim 9, wherein the outer casing has a thickness of between 1 and 10 microns.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210323329.6A CN114665145A (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Lithium ion battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210323329.6A CN114665145A (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Lithium ion battery |
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| CN114665145A true CN114665145A (en) | 2022-06-24 |
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