CN220692144U - Battery and electricity utilization device - Google Patents
Battery and electricity utilization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN220692144U CN220692144U CN202320592260.7U CN202320592260U CN220692144U CN 220692144 U CN220692144 U CN 220692144U CN 202320592260 U CN202320592260 U CN 202320592260U CN 220692144 U CN220692144 U CN 220692144U
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 65
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a battery and an electric device, wherein the battery comprises a shell filled with electrolyte and an electric core arranged in the shell, wherein a buffer layer is arranged on the inner wall of the shell and/or the electric core, the buffer layer comprises a protective film and a buffer medium sealed in the protective film, and the buffer medium is used for blocking exothermic reaction of the electric core and the electrolyte. When the temperature of the battery reaches the self-heating temperature, the buffer medium in the buffer layer is released from the protective film and enters the battery, so that the battery core and/or electrolyte are deactivated, the battery is stopped, and the problems of combustion, explosion and the like caused by thermal runaway of the battery are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery and an electric device.
Background
The lithium ion battery is widely used as an energy carrier capable of realizing the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electric energy due to the characteristics of high energy density, excellent cycle performance and the like. As the energy density of lithium ion batteries increases dramatically, ensuring a sufficient level of safety has become one of the most important issues. When the cell is caused to self-generate heat by an unexpected thermal runaway cause, a series of chain reactions will occur if not inhibited, resulting in thermal runaway of the cell until the reactants are exhausted. For lithium batteries containing high energy within such a closed housing, conventional fire protection means also fail to terminate ongoing thermal runaway and external fire extinguishing agents cannot actually reach ongoing reactive materials. Thus, it becomes particularly important to alleviate and solve the safety problem of lithium batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a battery and an electric device, in which a buffer layer is provided in the battery, and when the battery temperature reaches the self-heating temperature, the buffer medium is released from the protective film to deactivate the battery cell and/or the electrolyte, thereby stopping the battery operation and avoiding problems such as combustion and explosion caused by thermal runaway of the battery.
The specific scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, the utility model provides a battery, the battery comprises a shell injected with electrolyte and a battery cell arranged in the shell, wherein a punching material layer is arranged on the inner wall of the shell and/or the battery cell, the buffering layer comprises a protection film and a buffering medium sealed in the protection film, and the buffering medium is used for blocking exothermic reaction of the battery cell and the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the buffer medium includes a hydrate filled within the protective film.
In some embodiments, the hydrate comprises Na2 hpo4.12h O, feCl 3 ·6H 2 O、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O、Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O or CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O。
Alternatively, the total mass of water molecules in the hydrate is 0.65 to 0.7g relative to a battery capacity of 1 Ah.
In some embodiments, the buffer medium has a particle size D50 of 1 to 1000nm.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm.
Optionally, the thickness of the protective film is 1-1000 nm.
In some embodiments, the protective film has a melting temperature of 80 to 200 ℃.
Optionally, the protective film includes a heat-sensitive PET protective film or a heat-sensitive PP protective film.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer is disposed on a surface of the battery cell near the negative electrode sheet.
In some embodiments, the battery is a lithium ion battery.
In a second aspect, the present utility model provides an electrical device employing a battery as described in the first aspect.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
according to the utility model, the buffer layer is arranged in the battery, and the buffer layer is used for coating the sealing buffer medium by the protective film, so that when the battery reaches the self-heat-generating temperature, the buffer medium is released by the protective film and enters the battery to block the thermal runaway reaction in the battery, thereby avoiding the problems of combustion, explosion and the like caused by the thermal runaway of the battery and realizing the safety protection of the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer layer according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
FIG. 3 is a graph of thermal stability of materials provided by the present utility model.
Wherein, 10-shell; 20-an electric core; 21-positive current collector; 22-positive electrode active layer; 23-a membrane; 24-a negative electrode active layer; 25-negative electrode current collector; 30-a buffer layer; 31-a protective film; 32-buffer medium.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present utility model will provide further details in order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present utility model. The present utility model may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the utility model, whereby the utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The solution to thermal runaway in the conventional art includes improving battery safety. Among them, the ways to improve the safety of the battery include developing a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material or an electrolyte having higher safety, or additionally adding an additive to the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material or the electrolyte, which may affect the electrical performance of the battery by additionally adding the additive. Aiming at the treatment method after thermal runaway, the traditional technology adopts the steps of timely power off and external cooling after the thermal runaway, and can not completely avoid the thermal runaway reaction in the battery, and still has certain combustion and explosion problems. The buffer medium is coated by the protective film, and the protective film is used as a triggering condition for preventing thermal runaway, so that the buffer medium reacts with the battery active material from inside under the condition of not affecting the original material performance of the battery, and the thermal runaway exothermic reaction inside the battery is blocked, thereby preventing the problems of combustion or explosion and the like caused by the thermal runaway.
The first aspect of the present utility model provides a battery, as shown in fig. 1, the battery includes a housing 10 into which an electrolyte is injected, and a battery cell 20 disposed in the housing 10, wherein a buffer layer 30 is disposed on an inner wall of the housing and/or the battery cell, as shown in fig. 2, the buffer layer 30 includes a protective film 31 and a buffer medium 32 sealed in the protective film 31, and the buffer medium 32 is used for blocking exothermic reactions between the battery cell 20 and the electrolyte.
According to the utility model, the buffer layer 30 is arranged on the shell and/or the battery core of the battery, the buffer medium 32 is covered by the protective film 31, when the battery reaches the self-heating temperature, the buffer medium 32 in the protective film 31 is released, so that the active materials in the battery core 20 are deactivated, the electrolyte is deactivated or the contact between the battery core 20 and the electrolyte is blocked, thereby cutting off the exothermic reaction in the battery, reducing the condition that the exothermic reaction is continuously caused by the contact of the energy-containing components in the battery, avoiding the problems of combustion, explosion and the like of the battery, and improving the safety performance of the battery.
In some embodiments, the battery cell includes a plurality of positive electrode sheets, a plurality of negative electrode sheets, and a plurality of separators, the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets being alternately stacked, the separators being disposed between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets. Further, the battery cell may be in a wound battery cell or a stacked battery cell.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery cell 20 includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator 23 disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, wherein the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector 21 and a positive electrode active layer 22 disposed on the positive electrode current collector 21, the positive electrode current collector 21 may be, for example, an aluminum foil, and the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active layer 22 may be, for example, lithium iron phosphate or nickel cobalt manganese ternary material; the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector 25 and a negative electrode active layer 24 disposed on the negative electrode current collector 25, wherein the negative electrode current collector 25 may be, for example, copper foil, and the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active layer 24 may be, for example, graphite.
The buffer medium in the utility model is used for blocking exothermic reaction of the battery cell and the electrolyte, and the blocking mode can be, for example, deactivation of active substances in the positive electrode, the negative electrode or the electrolyte and stopping of the battery; it is also possible to interrupt the contact between the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte in the battery, thereby interrupting the exothermic reaction within the battery. The buffer medium in the present utility model may be a material that reacts with the active material in the battery to poison the active material in the battery.
In some embodiments, the buffer medium includes a hydrate filled within the protective film.
It should be noted that the hydrate is a compound containing water, wherein water molecules can be combined with the compound in a coordination bond or covalent bond mode, so that at a certain temperature, water molecules can be removed from the compound, and in addition, due to different types of the hydrate, dehydration temperatures are different, so that proper hydrates can be selected as buffer mediums according to the runaway temperatures of different batteries.
According to the utility model, the hydrate is used as a buffer medium to prevent thermal runaway, when the self-heating temperature is reached in the battery, water molecules in the hydrate can be removed, and then the water molecules enter the battery and react with active lithium on the anode material, so that the anode material is in a stable state and does not have reactivity, the direct contact between the anode and electrolyte and the anode is blocked, or the contact reaction of gas crosstalk is blocked, the exothermic reaction of the anode is blocked, and the combustion and explosion problems caused by the continued exothermic reaction of energy-containing components of the lithium battery are avoided. In addition, the hydrate absorbs heat in the dehydration process and the water evaporation process, so the hydrate is used as a buffer medium and has certain heat absorption capacity, so that partial heat can be absorbed when the temperature of the battery is abnormal, and the thermal runaway of the battery is prevented.
In some embodiments, the dehydration temperature of the hydrate is close to the self-heat generating temperature of the battery, for example, the difference between the dehydration temperature of the hydrate and the self-heat generating temperature of the battery is-50 to 5 ℃, so that a sufficient reaction space and reaction time can be provided for removing crystal water in the process of identifying the self-heat generating of the battery by the hydrate.
In the utility model, the protective film is used as a triggering condition for preventing the thermal runaway of the battery, and the structural strength of the protective film is reduced at the self-heating temperature, so that the rupture release buffer medium occurs, for example, the triggering process can be as follows:
when the internal temperature of the lithium battery is abnormal due to various abusive conditions, for example, when the internal temperature of the battery is 80-90 ℃ or higher, the electrolyte reacts with the positive electrode, the electrolyte reacts with the negative electrode, the positive electrode reacts with the negative electrode, and the like, so that the internal temperature of the battery is further increased, and when the melting temperature of the protective film in the buffer layer is reached, the protective film is melted and destroyed, and a buffer medium is released;
the diffused buffer medium reacts with the energy-containing component in the battery rapidly, so that the energy-containing component in the battery is invalid, the reaction activity is not possessed any more, the partial chain reaction which leads to the thermal runaway of the battery is cut off, and the safety protection of the lithium battery is finally realized.
The utility model has the advantages that the setting position of the buffer layer is not particularly required or limited, and under the condition that the service performance of the battery is not influenced, the buffer layer can release the buffer medium from the protective film after the battery reaches the self-heating temperature, and then the buffer medium is contacted with the battery core and/or electrolyte, so that further heat runaway heat release of the battery core is prevented. For example, the buffer layer may be disposed in contact with the battery cell or may be disposed in contact with the inner wall of the battery case, but the buffer layer may not be disposed between the electrode sheets, which may affect the performance of the battery.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer is disposed on at least one of the top, bottom, or side surfaces of the cell; or the buffer layer is arranged on at least one side surface of the inner wall of the battery shell, which is contacted with the electrolyte. For example, the buffer layer may be an integral coating layer coating four sides of the cell, so that the entire periphery of the cell is coated with the buffer layer.
In some embodiments, the hydrate comprises Na2 hpo4.12h O, feCl 3 ·6H 2 O、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O、Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O or CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O。
In some embodiments, the buffer medium is a hydrate, optionally with a total mass of water molecules in the hydrate of 0.65 to 0.7g, preferably 0.6714g, relative to a cell capacity of 1 Ah. The total mass of water molecules in the hydrate refers to the mass of water molecules that can be removed from the hydrate.
Alternatively, the hydrating agent is Na2 HPO4.12H2ONa2HPO4.12H2O, and the added mass of the Na2 HPO4.12H2O is 1 to 1.2g, such as 1.02g, 1.04g, 1.06g, 1.08g, 1.10g, 1.12g, 1.14g, 1.16g, 1.18g or 1.20g, preferably 1.11g, relative to the battery capacity of 1 Ah.
According to the utility model, by controlling the quality of the combined water in the hydrate, when the battery achieves the self-heat-generating condition, the combined water in the hydrate is ensured to be removed and enter the battery, and then the combined water reacts with the active material in the negative electrode plate, so that the negative electrode plate is in a stable state, further reaction heat release is avoided, the safety of the battery is improved. In addition, the hydrate is selected as the buffer medium, so that the hydrate can react with negative active lithium to block self-heat-generating and exothermic reactions in the battery, and can be used as a heat-absorbing material to absorb part of heat generated during self-heat generation, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the battery, and the hydrate is used as the buffer medium to regulate and control the aspects of thermal runaway prevention and thermal runaway blocking, so that the safety performance of the battery is effectively improved.
Alternatively, taking Na2 HPO4.12H2O as an example, when the temperature of the battery is about 100 ℃, na2 HPO4.12H2O is dehydrated and absorbs heat, when the temperature in the battery rises to above 100 ℃, liquid water gradually evaporates, and as the structural strength of the protective film is reduced due to the rising of the temperature, water vapor expands and breaks the coated protective film, and water molecules removed by Na2 HPO4.12H2O diffuse into the whole battery cell to react with the energy-containing anode material of the battery, so that thermal runaway of the battery is blocked.
In some embodiments, the particle size D50 of the buffer medium is 1 to 1000nm, for example 1nm, 10nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm or 1000nm. The utility model further adjusts the particle size of the buffer medium, ensures the contact area of the buffer medium, and further can fully react with active substances when released into the battery, thereby rapidly blocking exothermic reaction in the battery. Furthermore, the buffer medium is hydrate, the particle size of the hydrate is regulated, the contact area of the hydrate is increased, the hydrate absorbs heat and dehydrates when the temperature in the battery rises, part of heat generated in the battery is absorbed, the temperature rise of the battery is reduced, the effect of cooling is achieved, and the purpose of blocking the exothermic reaction in the battery can be achieved by rapid dehydration in the thermal runaway process of the hydrate control.
It should be noted that, in the present utility model, the melting temperature of the protective film is matched with the self-heating temperature of the battery, so that the protective film can be melted and damaged at the self-heating temperature, and the buffer medium coated in the protective film is released, so that the material of the protective film can be selected according to the self-heating temperature of the battery.
In some embodiments, the protective film has a melting temperature of 80 to 200 ℃, e.g., 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃, or 200 ℃.
Optionally, the protective film includes a heat-sensitive PET protective film or a heat-sensitive PP protective film. The melting temperature of the heat-sensitive PP protective film is 185 to 195 ℃, and the melting temperature of the heat-sensitive PET protective film is 250 to 255 ℃, for example, but the structural strength of the heat-sensitive PET protective film is reduced at about 120 ℃, and the heat-sensitive PET protective film is broken by the pressure of vaporized water vapor.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm, for example, 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.3 μm, 0.4 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.6 μm, 0.7 μm, 0.8 μm, 0.9 μm, or 1.0 μm. The utility model reduces the influence of the buffer layer on the energy density of the battery by controlling the thickness of the buffer layer. When the buffer layer is disposed on the inner wall of the housing and the battery cell, the thickness of the buffer layer may be 0.1-1 μm independently.
Optionally, the thickness of the protective film is 1-1000 nm, and it should be noted that, in the present utility model, the thickness of the protective film represents the thickness of the protective film with a single layer structure, and since the protective film coats the buffer medium, the protective film is sequentially a first protective film, the buffer medium and a second protective film along the thickness direction of the buffer layer, where the first protective film and the second protective film represent the portions of the protective film located on two sides of the buffer medium, respectively, that is, the thickness of the buffer layer is the sum of twice the thickness of the protective film and the thickness of the buffer medium. The thickness of the protective film is controlled, so that the protective film can be broken and the buffer medium can be released when the self-heating temperature is reached while the protective film has a certain structural strength.
The thickness of the protective film is related to the material of the protective film and the property of the buffer medium, and the material of the protective film, the buffer medium, the protective film structure and the like can be reasonably adjusted through the self-heating temperature of the battery.
Illustratively, the present utility model provides, but not limited to, a method for preparing a buffer layer, comprising:
and (3) taking the protective film in a bag structure, filling the buffer medium into the bag structure of the protective film, heat-sealing the bag opening of the bag structure, uniformly distributing the buffer medium filled with the protective film in the bag structure, and rolling the protective film filled with the buffer medium to obtain the buffer layer. Or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
and (3) coating a buffer medium on one side surface of the protective film, airing, arranging a layer of protective film on the surface of the protective film coated with the buffer medium, heat-sealing the peripheries of the two layers of protective films, and rolling to obtain the buffer layer.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer is disposed on a surface of the battery cell near the negative electrode plate.
The buffer layer is arranged on one side of the battery core, which is close to the negative electrode plate, and after the battery reaches the self-heating temperature, the buffer medium released by the buffer layer can be rapidly contacted with the active material in the negative electrode plate, so that the reaction of the negative electrode is blocked, and the thermal runaway of the battery is rapidly controlled.
It should be noted that, the connection mode of the buffer layer and the battery core is not particularly limited and may be, for example, adhesive connection. The adhesive connection mode may be that an adhesive layer is arranged on the contact surface of the buffer layer and the battery cell, and the adhesive layer may completely cover the contact surface or be a part of adhesive area arranged on the contact surface.
In some embodiments, the battery is a lithium ion battery. When the battery is a lithium ion battery, the active lithium material is arranged on the negative electrode plate in the reaction process of the battery, and a buffer medium is exemplified by a hydrate, when the lithium ion battery reaches the self-heating temperature, the SEI film in the negative electrode is heated and decomposed, the hydrate is released by the buffer layer and directly contacts with the negative electrode after the SEI film is decomposed, and water molecules react with the active lithium material on the negative electrode plate, so that the negative electrode plate loses the reaction activity, thereby blocking the exothermic reaction in the battery and improving the safety of the lithium ion battery.
Illustratively, the present utility model provides, without limitation, a method of making a battery, comprising:
(1) Laminating the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate, and then rolling to obtain a battery cell;
(2) Setting a buffer layer on one side surface of the battery cell, which is clung to the negative plate, in the step (1) and rolling the buffer layer;
(3) And (3) sequentially carrying out the procedures of packaging, liquid injection, formation, capacity division and the like on the battery core with the buffer layer in the step (2) to prepare the battery.
The present utility model provides an exemplary method for flame retarding a battery as described above, the method comprising:
in the working process of the battery, the temperature is increased to the self-heating temperature, a buffer medium in the protective film is released, the buffer medium enters the battery to block the exothermic reaction of the battery core and the electrolyte, and the battery stops working.
According to the utility model, when the battery is in thermal runaway, the buffer medium can enter the battery to react with the active material or electrolyte in the battery core, so that the energetic substances in the battery are deactivated or the contact between the energetic substances in the battery is cut off, the exothermic reaction in the battery is blocked, the battery stops working, and the problems of combustion or explosion and the like caused by continuous heat generation of the battery are avoided.
A second aspect of the utility model provides an electrical device employing a battery as described in the first aspect.
It should be noted that the form of the electric device is not specifically limited and required, and those skilled in the art may reasonably select the electric device according to practical applications, for example, the electric device includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a smart watch, a mobile bracelet, a portable computer, an electric vehicle (electric automobile, electric bicycle, etc.), an electric ship, a digital camera, a digital video camera, an unmanned aerial vehicle, other electric aircrafts, etc.
When the battery is used in the power utilization device, the battery can be used by adopting a single battery, and a plurality of batteries can be connected in series or in parallel to form a battery pack. For example, the battery may be in a battery module mode, where the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells and a case, where the plurality of battery cells form a battery pack, and where the battery pack is placed in the case, the case includes a top plate, a bottom plate, two opposite end plates, and two opposite side plates, and the top plate, the bottom plate, the end plates, and the side plates enclose a sealed case.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a battery, which comprises an aluminum plastic film shell 10 filled with electrolyte, and a battery core 20 and a buffer layer 30 immersed in the electrolyte, wherein the battery core 20 comprises a positive current collector 21, a positive active layer 22, a diaphragm 23, a negative active layer 24 and a negative current collector 25 which are arranged in a stacked manner, the buffer layer 30 is arranged on one side, close to the negative current collector 25, of the battery core 20, namely, the buffer layer 30 is attached to the surface of one side, far away from the negative active layer 24, of the negative current collector 25.
Wherein the positive electrode current collector 21 is aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 mu m, and the positive electrode active layer 22 is NCM811 ternary material with the thickness of 2.5 mu m; the separator 23 was a PP separator having a thickness of 30 μm, the negative electrode current collector 25 was a copper foil having a thickness of 6 μm, the negative electrode active layer 24 was a carbon-silicon negative electrode material layer having a thickness of 2.5 μm, and the silicon content in the carbon-silicon negative electrode material layer was 10wt%. Electrolyte is 1M LiPF 6 EC: emc=3:7 was used as solvent.
The buffer medium adopts Na with the grain diameter D50 of 200nm 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 The O, the protective film adopts a heat-sensitive PP protective film with the melting temperature of 189 ℃, the thickness of the heat-sensitive PP protective film is 200nm, and the thickness of the buffer layer 30 is 400nmm.
Relative to a battery capacity of 1Ah, na in the buffer layer 30 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 The amount of O used was 1.11g.
Comparative example 1
The battery structure provided in example 1 was employed, except that no buffer layer was provided in the battery.
Test example 1
The batteries prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to a battery ARC thermal runaway safety test, the test method comprising:
the battery was operated for normal use and was heated, and when the battery produced an output voltage drop, the battery was stopped from heating, the temperature of the battery was continuously monitored, and the highest temperature of the battery after stopping heating was recorded, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Numbering device | Highest temperature of battery/°c |
| Example 1 | 540.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1024 |
As can be seen from the table above:
according to the utility model, the buffer material layer is arranged in the battery, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the buffer material in the buffer material layer is released into the battery to react with active lithium in the negative electrode of the battery, so that the thermal runaway exothermic reaction in the battery is blocked, the total release energy of the thermal runaway is reduced, the highest temperature of the battery is effectively reduced, the thermal runaway influence of single batteries is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the inhibiting capability of the thermal runaway of a plurality of battery modules is greatly improved, and the problems of large-scale combustion and explosion of the battery are further avoided.
Furthermore, the hydrate is used as the buffer material, so that the buffer material has a heat absorption function, thereby being capable of absorbing part of heat, reducing the temperature rise in the battery, slowing down the time for the battery to reach the self-heating temperature, preventing the thermal runaway of the battery and further improving the safety of the battery.
Test example 2
Testing the thermal stability of Ca+an+ele, ca+an+ele+12H O, an +ele, an+ele+12H O, ca +ele, and Ca+ele+12H2O materials, wherein Ca represents the positive electrode material, the NCM811 ternary material, an represents the negative electrode material, the carbon-silicon material with the silicon content of 10wt%, the Ele represents the electrolyte, and the 1M LiPF 6 The solvent is EC: emc=3:7, 12H2O is represented by buffer medium, na2 hpo4.12h2o is used, ca+an+ele is taken as An example, and it is represented by a mixture of positive electrode material, negative electrode material and electrolyte, and the test method comprises:
the above material combinations were tested with a TA-DSC25 differential scanning calorimeter at a temperature ramp rate of 10K/min from 40℃to 550℃and the test results are shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the thermal stability test of the partial component and the full component materials of the utility model shows that in the negative electrode-electrolyte-buffer material system, the exothermic peak between the negative electrode and the electrolyte is advanced, which is beneficial to breaking the thermal runaway reaction time sequence of the full battery; in the positive electrode-electrolyte-buffer material system, a large exothermic peak occurs, which is caused by the increase of the system pressure due to gas generation, and is not exothermic, and worry is not needed; in the positive electrode-negative electrode-electrolyte-buffer material system, a significant decrease in the heat release amount can be found, so that it can be demonstrated that the thermal stability and thermal safety of the battery material are improved after the buffer material is added.
Through the embodiment and the comparative example, the buffer layer is arranged in the battery, the buffer layer coats the buffer medium by the protective film, when the battery reaches the self-heating temperature, the buffer medium is released by the protective film and enters the battery, the reaction of the battery in thermal runaway caused by the battery is blocked, the problems of combustion, explosion and the like caused by the thermal runaway of the battery are avoided, and the safety protection of the battery is realized.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the utility model, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model, which are all within the scope of the utility model. The scope of the utility model is therefore intended to be covered by the appended claims, and the description and drawings may be interpreted in accordance with the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The battery is characterized by comprising a shell filled with electrolyte and a battery cell arranged in the shell, wherein a buffer layer is arranged on the inner wall of the shell and/or the battery cell, the buffer layer comprises a protective film and a buffer medium sealed in the protective film, and the buffer medium is used for blocking exothermic reaction of the battery cell and the electrolyte.
2. The battery of claim 1, wherein the buffer medium comprises a hydrate filled within the protective film.
3. The battery of claim 2, wherein the hydrate comprises Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O、FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O、Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O or CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O。
4. The battery of claim 1, wherein the buffer medium has a particle size D50 of 1 to 1000nm.
5. The battery of claim 1, wherein the buffer layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm; the thickness of the protective film is 1-1000 nm.
6. The battery of claim 1, wherein the protective film has a melting temperature of 80 to 200 ℃.
7. The battery of claim 1, wherein the protective film comprises a heat-sensitive PET protective film or a heat-sensitive PP protective film.
8. The battery of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the buffer layer is disposed on a surface of the cell that is adjacent to the negative electrode sheet.
9. The battery of claim 8, wherein the battery is a lithium ion battery.
10. An electrical device employing the battery of any one of claims 1-9.
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| CN202320592260.7U CN220692144U (en) | 2023-03-23 | 2023-03-23 | Battery and electricity utilization device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320592260.7U CN220692144U (en) | 2023-03-23 | 2023-03-23 | Battery and electricity utilization device |
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| CN220692144U true CN220692144U (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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