CN114659805A - Test method of automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly - Google Patents
Test method of automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN114659805A CN114659805A CN202210285389.3A CN202210285389A CN114659805A CN 114659805 A CN114659805 A CN 114659805A CN 202210285389 A CN202210285389 A CN 202210285389A CN 114659805 A CN114659805 A CN 114659805A
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/16—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring distance of clearance between spaced objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
Abstract
The invention discloses a test method of a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile, which comprises the following steps: and carrying out a rotation moment test, a swing moment test, a circumferential clearance test and an axial clearance test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly. According to the test method of the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly, the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly is subjected to the rotation moment test, the swing moment test, the circumferential clearance test and the axial clearance test at the same time, so that the test process is more suitable for the stress condition of an automobile in the actual operation process, and the test accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile detection, in particular to a test method of an automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Background
The drive shaft is a part of the automobile structure and the end, and during the actual operation of the automobile, the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the car is influenced by alternating stress such as torsion, shearing, tension and compression, impact and the like, and can cause torsion and bending vibration of the drive shaft to generate additional stress. In the existing test method of the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile, only a certain single performance index is tested, the accuracy of the test result is not high enough, and the stress condition possibly occurring in the actual running process of the automobile is difficult to simulate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a test method of a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile, and aims to improve the test accuracy of the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a test method of a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile, which comprises the following steps:
and carrying out a rotation moment test, a swing moment test, a circumferential clearance test and an axial clearance test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and (5) carrying out displacement distance and swing angle tests on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and (4) carrying out a detection test on the rigidity performance of the spiral spring on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and carrying out a fixed joint pull-out force detection test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and (4) carrying out a clamp spring insertion and extraction force detection test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and (4) carrying out static torsion failure strength test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and (4) carrying out a torsional fatigue test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and carrying out a periodic cycle life test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: and carrying out an impact resistance test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
Optionally, the method for testing the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the automobile further comprises: the method comprises the steps of carrying out a constant-speed drive shaft assembly sealing cover performance test, a constant-speed drive shaft assembly sealing cover bending strength test and/or a constant-speed drive shaft assembly axial derived force test on the automobile front transverse drive shaft assembly.
According to the test method of the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly, provided by the invention, the rotation moment test, the swing moment test, the circumferential clearance test and the axial clearance test are simultaneously carried out on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly, so that the test process is more suitable for the stress condition of an automobile in the actual operation process, and the test accuracy is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of torque versus torsion angle for determining the extreme position of the Johnson elasticity in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rotational torque testing apparatus employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rocking moment test apparatus employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circumferential gap testing apparatus employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of a circumferential clearance test conducted in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an axial clearance test apparatus employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the shift distance and the swing angle when the shift distance and the swing angle are tested according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a pitch and yaw test apparatus employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a static torsion breaking strength testing apparatus employed in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a fatigue torque testing apparatus employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a constant velocity drive shaft assembly axial derivative force testing apparatus employed in an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The drive shaft is a part of the automobile structure and the end, and during the actual operation of the automobile, the front transverse drive shaft assembly of the car is influenced by alternating stress such as torsion, shearing, tension and compression, impact and the like, and can cause torsion and bending vibration of the drive shaft to generate additional stress. In the existing test method of the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile, only a certain single performance index is tested, the accuracy of the test result is not high enough, and the stress condition possibly occurring in the actual running process of the automobile is difficult to simulate.
Therefore, on the basis of the existing test system of the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile, the invention simulates the actual use scene of a user by collecting the failure faults of the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile in the market and reversely analyzing the root causes and simultaneously tests a plurality of performance indexes of the front transverse driving shaft of the automobile by starting from the test angle, thereby establishing a new test method of the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile. In one embodiment of the testing method for the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile provided by the invention, the testing method comprises the following steps: and carrying out a rotation moment test, a swing moment test, a circumferential clearance test and an axial clearance test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
According to the test method of the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly, the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly is subjected to the rotation moment test, the swing moment test, the circumferential clearance test and the axial clearance test at the same time, so that the test process is more suitable for the stress condition of an automobile in the actual operation process, the test accuracy is improved, technicians can analyze and find the actual reason of the failure fault of the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly, and the design or improvement and other work of the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly is facilitated.
Specifically, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the specific test modes of the rotation torque test, the swing torque test, the circumferential clearance test and the axial clearance test are as follows:
first, a plot of torque versus torsion angle is plotted as shown in FIG. 1, where the Johnson elastic limit of the drive shaft, universal joint, or countershaft can be plotted. The deformation rate generated at this Johnson proof stress is 50% greater than the initial deformation rate, which in FIG. 3-1 is equal to MN/OM. The deformation ratio of the oblique line OQ is 50% greater than the initial deformation ratio, i.e., the distance NQ is 0.5 × MN, and the straight line O1Q1Parallel to the line OQ and tangent to the torque versus torsion angle curve, the tangent point is located at the position of the johnson limit. A recommended method of determining the initial deformation rate is to perform a linear regression using the data measured between point O, which should be between 35% drive shaft specification and 50% maximum torque, and point N, which should be between 50Nm and 10% drive shaft specification.
(1) The torque required to rotate the drive shaft is determined by a rotational torque test.
The test equipment should clamp the drive shaft under the condition that the fixed knot does not have axial and radial load, can make the fixed knot swing to maximum working angle simultaneously, and electric actuator should provide constant rotational speed (the range is 0.5 ~ 15r/min) and suitable torque measurement device and be used for the record appearance of record moment of torsion. A schematic diagram of a rotational torque testing apparatus 100 adopted in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and includes a first motor 101, a first low-friction supporting structure 102, a second low-friction supporting structure 103, and a first computer 104, which are sequentially arranged, wherein a testing stand is defined between the first low-friction supporting structure 102 and the second low-friction supporting structure 103, a first torque sensor 105 and a first angle sensor 106 are arranged on the first low-friction supporting structure 102, and the first torque sensor 105 and the first angle sensor 106 are electrically connected to the first computer 104, so as to collect and record a torque value and an angle value detected by the first torque sensor 105 and the first angle sensor 106 through the first computer 104.
The specific test steps comprise: according to the illustration in fig. 2, the grease-loaded driving shaft 107 (i.e. the sample to be tested) is mounted on the test stand, the center position of the movable joint should be close to the normal mounting position in the automobile, and the fixed joint is set to the specified swing angle without load; the center of the fixed joint is consistent with the rotation center of the test bed; then, stopping rotating after rotating for a plurality of circles along one direction according to a certain rotating speed, rotating for three times, recording the rotating torque of each time, stopping rotating after rotating for a plurality of circles along the opposite direction, rotating for three times, and recording the rotating torque of each time (the rotating speed of 10r/min is recommended to be used for carrying out the test); and counting the values in the test, wherein the minimum value is the rotation moment.
(2) And in the swing moment test, under the condition of no rotation, the moment required by swinging the fixed time is measured when the fixed time is loaded and unloaded.
The test equipment should clamp the fixed joint under the condition that the fixed joint has no axial and radial loads, and simultaneously, the fixed joint can swing to the maximum swing angle and the required torque value is recorded. The centre line of the clamp should coincide with the centre line of the fixed knot and the equipment should be zeroed to eliminate the effect of the clamp. The swing torque testing apparatus 200 used in the present embodiment is schematically shown in fig. 3, and includes a swing torque sensor 201, a testing motor 202, and a recorder 203, and a mounting position for mounting a test piece is defined between the swing torque sensor 201 and the testing motor 202.
The specific test steps comprise: according to the figure 3, the test sample 204 to be tested is installed to the installation position, so that the steel ball or the roller of the fixed joint is positioned on the same plane with the swinging direction; then, on the plane of the steel ball/the three-pin joint, the universal joint swings at the speed of 2 degrees/s, and the universal joint goes from the maximum swing angle in the forward direction to the maximum swing angle in the reverse direction through 0 degrees, and then goes back to the maximum swing angle in the forward direction; and counting the values in the test, wherein the minimum value is the swing moment.
(3) And (3) a circumferential clearance test, namely measuring the circumferential clearance of the constant velocity universal joint or the drive shaft assembly.
The test equipment requires that the clamp can bear the test torque, the test bed has the capability of supporting the driving shaft or the universal joint to stably load the specified torque, and the test bed can measure the circumferential gap between two reference points, so that the influence of the elastic deformation of the shaft can be eliminated, the measurement precision is within +/-1', and in addition, the equipment also requires that the angle change value can be recorded, and the change curve formed by the angle and the torque can be drawn. A schematic diagram of a circumferential gap testing apparatus 300 adopted in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and includes a force application mechanism 301, a torque sensor 302, a torsion angle sensor 303, a clamping mechanism 304, and an auxiliary supporting mechanism 305 that are sequentially arranged, where the clamping mechanism 304 and the auxiliary supporting mechanism 305 together form a fixture for clamping a sample to be tested, and in addition, the circumferential gap testing apparatus 300 further includes a second computer 306, and the torque sensor 302 and the torsion angle sensor 303 are both electrically connected with the second computer 306, so as to collect and record a torque value and a torsion angle value detected by the torque sensor 302 and the torsion angle sensor 303 through the second computer 306.
The specific test steps comprise: according to fig. 4, the driving shaft 307 to be tested is fixed on the test bench (even if the driving shaft 307 to be tested is clamped between the clamping mechanism 304 and the auxiliary supporting mechanism 305), the swing angle of the two universal joints is 0 degrees, no preload or deformation exists in the axial direction or the radial direction, and the movable joint is set at the designed position (when the designed position is not specified, the movable joint is set at the middle position of the theoretical sliding area); then, the torque is slowly applied to the drive shaft 307 to be tested, the torque value is increased from 0Nm to 100Nm, then unloaded to 0Nm, then the torque is applied in reverse to 100Nm, then unloaded to 0Nm, and at this time, the forward and reverse rotational speed should not exceed 60 r/min. The torque-angle curve shown in fig. 5 is recorded, and the arrows in fig. 5 indicate the reversal of the loading cycle from point O to point P, back to point O, to point Q, and back to point O, where points a, B, C, and D are the intersection points where the extension stiffness is expected to be only 0Nm torque, respectively. These lines should be derived from the graph by linear regression, and points a and B (points C and D) may be the same point. The circumferential gap is the greater of the A-C angle value and the B-D angle value.
(4) Axial clearance test: the axial clearance of the fixed joint is measured.
The test equipment should be able to hold the fixed joint firmly, with no torque or radial load, allowing maximum yaw rotation. The device is capable of applying an average axial force of 200Nm and there is a corresponding means for measuring axial displacement. A schematic diagram of an axial clearance test apparatus 400 employed in the present embodiment is shown in fig. 6, and includes a jig 401, a measurement dial 402, a connecting shaft 403, and a displacement device 404.
The specific test steps comprise: according to the illustration in fig. 6, the fixed knot 405 to be tested is fixed on the clamp 401, no torque and no radial load are generated, and an axial displacement measuring device is installed, so as to measure the axial clearance of the fixed knot 405; then, an axial force is applied to the fixed joint 405 and then an axial force is applied in the opposite direction to measure the axial displacement (the recommended axial force is ± 100N), and the axial force must be larger than the friction force inside the fixed joint 405.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: and (3) carrying out a displacement distance and swing angle test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly, and determining the allowable movable working area of the movable joint according to the relation between the displacement distance and the swing angle, as shown in fig. 7. Specifically, the shift and swing angle test mode is as follows:
the test equipment requires the swinging angle, the middle shaft and the driving shaft to rotate, the rotating speed is 30-120 r/min, the force and the swinging angle are limited by hydraulic pressure or a motor, and the basis and the swinging angle are recorded by recording equipment. A schematic diagram of a displacement and swing angle testing apparatus 500 adopted in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 8, and includes a headstock 501, an auxiliary support frame 502, a tailstock 503, a driving motor 504, and a third computer 505, which are sequentially arranged, where the tailstock 503 is provided with a displacement sensor 506 and a swing angle sensor 507, the displacement sensor 506 and the swing angle sensor 507 are both electrically connected to the third computer 505, so as to collect and record displacement values and swing angle values detected by the displacement sensor 506 and the swing angle sensor 507 through the third computer 505, and the tailstock 503 is further provided with an axial carriage 508 and a transverse carriage 509, so as to respectively perform axial movement and transverse movement on a sample to be tested 510.
The specific testing steps comprise: according to fig. 8, the sample 510 (fixed joint housing) is fixed to avoid generating additional force, and the sample 50 is axially moved to the limit at a rotation speed of 30-120 r/min, and no resistance is required during rotation; starting to swing at the middle position of the sliding area of the movable joint, and measuring the displacement of each swing angle; the relationship between the displacement and the pivot angle and the measured data are analyzed, and linear fitting is used if necessary.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving axle assembly of an automobile further includes: and (3) carrying out a detection test on the rigidity performance of the spiral spring on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly so as to detect the rigidity performance of the spiral spring in the movable joint. When the test sample is required to be equal to a spiral spring in a constant velocity universal joint assembly installed in a used automobile, the test equipment can provide enough pressure and record the change of the displacement and the elastic force of the spring. The specific test steps are as follows: the coil spring is compressed from a free state until the coil spring is close to a full coil, and the stiffness and characteristic curve of the coil spring are recorded.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile further includes: and carrying out a fixed joint pull-out force detection test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly so as to detect the axial pull-out force of the fixed joint. During testing, the test equipment is required to be capable of firmly fixing the fixed joint, having no torque or radial load, allowing the maximum swing angle to rotate, and applying the maximum tensile force exceeding 5000N. An axial clearance test apparatus 600 similar to that shown in FIG. 6 may be used in embodiments of the present invention, with the following specific test steps: the fixed joint is fixed on a test bed, no torque and no radial load exist, tension is applied to the middle shaft end along the central line of the fixed joint, the tension is gradually increased from 0N to a specified value, and the middle shaft is not pulled out of an inner sleeve of the universal joint.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile further includes: and (3) performing a clamp spring insertion and extraction force detection test on the automobile front transverse drive shaft assembly to detect the insertion force and the extraction force during assembly and disassembly of the clamp spring and the differential mechanism. The test requires that the test equipment should be able to apply axial loads up to and above a specified value and record the magnitude of the applied force. The specific test steps are as follows: and fixing the differential on a test bed, matching the differential with a movable joint with a clamp spring along the axial movement of the movable joint, and recording the force when the differential is inserted and pulled out.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: static torsional failure strength tests are performed on automotive front transverse drive axle assemblies to test the static torsional strength characteristics of the drive axle, such as the Johnson spring limit and/or the maximum torque. During testing, the testing equipment is required to be capable of applying enough torque so that the whole driving shaft can fail in the test, a test piece arranged on a test bed is free of bending torque and can move freely in the axial direction, and the testing equipment is capable of permanently recording the characteristic that the torsion angle of the driving shaft changes along with the torque. Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a static torsion failure strength testing apparatus 600 used in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a first planet loading device 601, a first transmission 602, an auxiliary support frame 603, a first clamp 604, and a fourth computer 605 (a computer in this embodiment) that are sequentially arranged, where a second torque sensor 606 and a second angle sensor 607 are arranged on the auxiliary support frame 603, the second torque sensor 606 and the second angle sensor 607 are both connected to the fourth computer 605, so as to collect and record torque values and angle values detected by the second torque sensor 606 and the second angle sensor 607 through the fourth computer 605, and an installation position for installing a to-be-tested piece is formed between the auxiliary support frame 603 and the first clamp 604.
The specific test method is as follows: according to the figure 9, a test piece 608 to be tested is installed at the installation position, the swing angle of the universal joint at two ends is 0 degree or under the specified swing angle, torque is applied at the rotating speed of 30-200 degrees/min (two points are noted in the process: 1, the set angle is in the range of the moving distance-swing angle diagram of the universal joint, 2, the universal joint can freely rotate in the whole test process, and the direction of the applied torque and the torque transmission mode between the two universal joints are consistent with the loading mode).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: and carrying out a torsional fatigue test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly to detect the torsional fatigue life of the driving shaft. During testing, the testing equipment is required to be capable of meeting the requirements of circumferential adjustment and axial free movement of the test piece after installation and has the function of applying circulating torque, the added torque value can be adjusted to a specified torque value, the actual torque value and the testing frequency can be displayed, and the testing equipment also can record the number of times of circulation of the test piece. A schematic diagram of a torsional fatigue test apparatus 700 adopted in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 10, and includes a second planetary loading device 701, a second gearbox 702, a frequency converter 703, an auxiliary support structure 704, a second fixture 705 and a fifth computer 706, which are sequentially arranged, an installation position for installing a to-be-tested piece is formed between the auxiliary support structure 704 and the second fixture 705, a third torque sensor 707 and a third angle sensor 708 are arranged on the auxiliary support structure 704, and the third torque sensor 707 and the third angle sensor 708 are both electrically connected to the fifth computer 706, so as to collect and record a torque value and an angle value detected by the third torque sensor 707 and the third angle sensor 708 through the fifth computer 706.
The specific test method is as follows: according to the illustration in fig. 10, the test piece 709 is installed at the installation position, the swing angle of the two universal joints is 0 ° or equal to the normal angle installed in the automobile, so as to ensure that the test piece 709 can freely bend and freely move axially, the center position of the movable joint is in the middle of the full sliding stroke, and if necessary, the test piece 709 is installed at the actual position on the automobile; a defined, symmetrical, periodic sinusoidally varying torque is then applied to the test piece 709, the vibration frequency not being greater than 4 Hz. The direction of the applied torque and the torque transmission mode between the two universal joints are consistent with the loading, and in order to ensure that the maximum value of the surface temperature of the part to be tested 709 does not exceed 50 ℃, the torque frequency can be adjusted or cooling measures can be taken.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: the method comprises the steps of carrying out a periodic cycle (dynamic fatigue) life test on a front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile to detect the periodic cycle life of the driving shaft at a certain rotating speed, angle, stretching state and torque. Programmable test equipment is recommended during testing, the test equipment is required to be capable of adjusting the torque, the swing angle and the rotating speed at a certain speed, and the test equipment is capable of recording the torque, the rotating speed and the swing angle of the used reagent, the temperature of the constant velocity universal joint and the test environment temperature; the direction of the applied torque and the manner of torque transfer between the two universal joints should be consistent with loading. If a certain universal joint is obviously heated or abnormal vibration, noise or clearance and other phenomena occur, the test is stopped, each universal joint is cooled through an air cooling device, and the outer surface of each universal joint is ensured to be ventilated at each test angle. A schematic diagram of a cyclic life test apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention is also shown in fig. 10.
The specific test method is as follows: before a formal life test, firstly detecting the circumferential clearance of the front transverse driving shaft assembly of the automobile, recording a numerical value, running in for 24 hours according to a test program, and enabling the load to be half of the torque of a standard test program; then, simulating the working state of the sample in the automobile, loading corresponding torque step by step at the rotating speed of each gear, and operating for corresponding time (or cycle times), wherein the operation for one time at each rotating speed is 1 cycle; recording the rotating speed, the loading torque, the running time and the cycle number until the specified cycle number or the sample is damaged in the test; and monitoring the surface temperature of the sample in the test process, and stopping the test if the highest temperature is higher than 120 ℃. The corresponding relation of load and rotating speed in each cycle recommended by the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly is shown in table 1, the service life torque N is determined according to the ball joint selection type, and a driving shaft supplier can determine the value of N according to actual conditions.
TABLE 1 corresponding relationship between load and rotation speed in each cycle of drive shaft assembly
The circumferential clearance increment of the test sample after the test is not larger than 1 degree, after the test is finished, the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly is disassembled and inspected, and each part is graded according to the specification shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 Universal Joint evaluation situation table
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: and carrying out an impact resistance test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly. The specific test method is as follows: simulating the normal assembly of the constant velocity universal joint assembly in an automobile, wherein the angles of an inner ball joint and an outer ball joint are respectively 0 degree and 20 degrees, the central position of the telescopic constant velocity universal joint is close to the normal installation position of the telescopic constant velocity universal joint in the automobile, a 1kg ball test block vertically falls onto the wave crest of the sealing cover from the height of 1m, and whether the sealing cover has abnormal phenomena such as cracking, lubricating grease leakage and the like is checked.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: and (3) carrying out a constant-speed drive shaft assembly sealing cover performance test on the automobile front transverse drive shaft assembly so as to detect the related performance of the constant-speed drive shaft assembly sealing cover. The specific test comprises the following steps:
(1) high-speed stability test of the sealing cover: simulating the normal assembly of the constant velocity universal joint assembly in the automobile, wherein on a displacement and swing angle test device 500 shown in fig. 8, the angles of the inner ball joint and the outer ball joint are designed attitude angles of the whole automobile, the central position of the telescopic constant velocity universal joint is close to the normal installation position of the telescopic constant velocity universal joint in the automobile, the rotating speed is required to be 2000r/min, and the radial increase of the sealing cover is measured by projection after the automobile runs for 15 min. The rotary expansion of the sealing boot of the constant velocity joint assembly should meet the following specifications: the radius expansion of the sealing cover of the center fixed constant velocity universal joint is less than or equal to 5 mm; the expansion amount of the radius of the sealing cover of the telescopic constant velocity universal joint is less than or equal to 5 mm.
(2) And (3) testing the normal-temperature rotation durability of the sealing cover: on the test bed of the displacement and swing angle test apparatus 500 shown in fig. 8, the working angle and the sliding stroke were varied in a reciprocating manner at a frequency of 0.5Hz and a rotation speed of 600r/min, and after a certain period of continuous operation, the seal cover was checked for any abnormal phenomena such as cracking and grease leakage.
(3) And (3) low-temperature rotation durability test of the sealing cover: on a test bed of a displacement and swing angle test device 500 shown in fig. 8, the environment temperature is kept at minus 40 +/-3 ℃, the working angle and the sliding stroke are changed in a reciprocating manner, the changing frequency is 0.5Hz, the rotating speed is l00r/min, the continuous operation is carried out for 30s, then the operation is stopped for 30min, the cycle is one, and after a certain number of cycles, whether the sealing cover has abnormal phenomena such as cracking, lubricating grease leakage and the like is checked.
(4) And (3) testing the high-temperature rotation durability of the sealing cover: on the test bed of the displacement and swing angle test equipment 500 shown in fig. 8, the ambient temperature is kept at 100 +/-3 ℃, the working angle and the sliding stroke are changed in a reciprocating manner, the changing frequency is 0.5Hz, the rotating speed is 100r/min, the operation is continuously carried out for 30s and then stopped for 30min to form a cycle, and after a certain cycle number, whether the sealing cover has abnormal phenomena such as cracking, lubricating grease leakage and the like is checked.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: and (4) carrying out a constant-speed driving shaft assembly sealing cover bending strength test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly. Specifically, the test conditions were as follows: test temperature 25 ℃, run time 10s, test rotation speed 60rpm, installation angle: AC 47 deg., UF 50 deg., VL/GI 23 deg., DO/AAR 27 deg.. After the test, the sheath and the clamp are not required to have permanent deformation.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile further includes: the axial derivative force test of the constant-speed driving shaft assembly is carried out on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly so as to detect the three-order axial derivative force of the ball joint in the driving shaft assembly at different angles under certain torque and rotating speed of the driving shaft assembly. A schematic diagram of an axial derivative force testing apparatus 800 of a constant velocity drive shaft assembly employed in the present invention is shown in fig. 11, and includes an axial excitation mechanism 801, a torque loading mechanism 802, a second motor 803, an angle adjustment mechanism 804 and a slip ring transmitter 805, and a test piece 806 to be tested is mounted between the axial excitation mechanism 801 and the angle adjustment mechanism 804. The specific test method is as follows:
the test conditions are as follows: (1) for the structure with the coil spring, the spring is eliminated in the test; (2) the number of the test sample pieces is 3, and the circumferential clearance of the assembly needs to be detected before the test; (3) the installation angles are 2.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 7.5 degrees, 10 degrees, 12.5 degrees, 15 degrees, 17.5 degrees and 20 degrees; (4) the middle position of the movable joint: the moving pitch is 5mm away from the full compression limit position; (5) the ambient temperature was 25 ℃ and the temperature of the moving joint did not exceed 45 ℃ during the test.
Before formal test, loading torque of 100 N.m, rotating speed of 200rpm, changing sample arrangement angle from 0-21 degrees, running in for 5min according to 4 cycles per minute of sine sweep frequency; then, loading torque is 300 N.m, rotating speed is 200rpm, sample arrangement angle is changed from 0-21 degrees, and the operation is carried out for 30min according to 4 cycles per minute of sine sweep frequency; then, loading torque of 600 N.m (the loading torque can be 1000 N.m for a driving shaft of an electric vehicle type), rotating speed of 200rpm, sample arrangement angle changing from 0-21 degrees, operating for 90min according to 4 cycles per minute of sine sweep frequency; and finally, outputting a result curve.
The test method of the automobile front transverse drive shaft assembly provided by the embodiment of the invention simultaneously performs a rotation torque test, a swing torque test, a circumferential clearance test, an axial clearance test, a displacement and swing angle test, a spiral spring rigidity performance test, a fixed joint pull-out force test, a snap spring insertion and extraction force test, a static torque failure strength test, a torsion fatigue test, a periodic cycle (dynamic fatigue) life test, an impact resistance test, a constant speed drive shaft assembly seal cover performance test, a constant speed drive shaft assembly seal cover bending strength test and a constant speed drive shaft assembly axial derivative force test on the automobile front transverse drive shaft assembly, reversely analyzes the root cause according to the collected failure fault of the automobile front transverse drive shaft assembly in the market, simulates the actual use scene of a user from the test angle, and optimizes various test methods, the test accuracy of the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly test is greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, which are directly or indirectly applied to the present invention, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test method of a front transverse driving shaft assembly of an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and carrying out a rotation moment test, a swing moment test, a circumferential clearance test and an axial clearance test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
2. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and (5) carrying out displacement distance and swing angle tests on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
3. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and (4) carrying out a detection test on the rigidity performance of the spiral spring on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
4. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out a fixed joint pull-out force detection test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
5. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and (4) carrying out a clamp spring insertion and extraction force detection test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
6. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and (4) carrying out static torsion failure strength test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
7. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out a torsional fatigue test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
8. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out a periodic cycle life test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
9. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out an impact resistance test on the automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly.
10. The method for testing a front transverse drive axle assembly of an automobile of claim 1, further comprising: the method comprises the steps of carrying out a constant-speed drive shaft assembly sealing cover performance test, a constant-speed drive shaft assembly sealing cover bending strength test and/or a constant-speed drive shaft assembly axial derived force test on the automobile front transverse drive shaft assembly.
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| CN202210285389.3A CN114659805A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Test method of automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly |
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| CN202210285389.3A CN114659805A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Test method of automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly |
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Cited By (1)
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