CN112161803B - Rolling bearing life-span energy consumption testing machine under combined load - Google Patents
Rolling bearing life-span energy consumption testing machine under combined load Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161803B CN112161803B CN202010974924.7A CN202010974924A CN112161803B CN 112161803 B CN112161803 B CN 112161803B CN 202010974924 A CN202010974924 A CN 202010974924A CN 112161803 B CN112161803 B CN 112161803B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides a rolling bearing life-span energy consumption testing machine under combined load, which comprises a loading mechanism, a testing bearing, a transmission mechanism, a detection device and a fixing device, wherein the loading mechanism is used for loading a rolling bearing; the test bearings are four sets of completely identical rolling bearings, one end of each of the two ends of the device is fixed, and the other end of each of the two ends of the device floats during assembly, and the middle loading sleeve and the bearing seat are also assembled in a floating manner, so that the four sets of bearings have the same working condition, the total dynamic friction torque of the device is measured through the torque sensor, the dynamic friction torque borne by each test bearing can be obtained through bisection, and the corresponding energy consumption coefficient is calculated; a floating end of the end part of the test shaft is provided with a displacement sensor, so that dynamic abrasion of the rolling bearing can be observed. The invention can simultaneously measure the service life, dynamic wear and friction torque of the rolling shaft under combined load, and is beneficial supplement to the field of rolling bearing performance test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of testing of the service life and the tribological dynamic performance of a rolling bearing, in particular to a testing machine for testing the total service life and the energy consumption of the rolling bearing under combined load. In particular to a device for testing the service life, the dynamic wear and the dynamic friction torque of a rolling bearing under combined load.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of fuel efficiency index of automobiles, the reduction of friction loss of automobile transmission parts has been urgent. The rolling bearing is used as an important supporting part of a transmission component, and a host unit has extremely strict energy consumption control at the present stage. If the energy consumption loss of the rolling bearing in the whole life cycle can be accurately tested, the accurate positioning of the product of the rolling bearing can be facilitated for bearing manufacturers, and the design of the bearing, including the design of an internal structure, a lubricating material, a bearing material and the like, can be optimized through a test result and a comparison test.
The angular contact ball bearing and the tapered roller bearing can bear radial load and certain axial load, and are widely applied to automobile transmissions, automobile differentials and precision machine tool spindle systems. During its use, deterioration of tribological properties and reduction of fatigue life are generally caused by wear of the bearing assembly. The existing friction torque testing device for the rolling bearing mainly aims at dynamic performance test under short time or single load; the fatigue testing machine can not provide friction torque data, and the energy consumption loss in the whole life cycle of the bearing can not be evaluated. Therefore, the design of the equipment for detecting the abrasion performance and the energy consumption loss of the rolling bearing in the whole life cycle is beneficial to the field of rolling bearing performance test.
Patent document CN204373909U (application number: CN201420810900.8) discloses a bearing life testing machine with simple structure and convenient operation, which is used to simulate the use state of a bearing and accurately detect the service life of the bearing. The technical scheme of the utility model is that: the utility model provides a bearing life test machine, has the support and installs the operation mesa on the support, its characterized in that: a vertical through hole is formed in the operating table top, a vertically arranged motor is installed on the support, a rotating shaft of the motor vertically penetrates through the through hole and is supported on the through hole through a supporting bearing, and a circle of steel washer is arranged at the upper end of the through hole; an automatic pressing device which is matched with the steel washer to press and fix the measured bearing is arranged above the steel washer; and the operating table top is provided with a vibration device.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rolling bearing life-cycle energy consumption testing machine under combined load.
According to the invention, the rolling bearing life-cycle energy consumption testing machine under combined load comprises:
the device comprises a loading mechanism, a test bearing, a transmission mechanism, a detection device, a fixing device and a workbench 1;
the loading mechanism, the transmission mechanism and the fixing device are all arranged on the workbench 1, and the transmission mechanism is connected with the test bearing;
the loading mechanism applies radial force to the test bearing;
the fixing device is used for limiting and preventing the test bearing from sliding;
the detection device is used for detecting the loading mechanism, the test bearing and the transmission mechanism.
Preferably, the test bearing comprises: a first rolling bearing 22, a second rolling bearing 25, a third rolling bearing 27, and a fourth rolling bearing 29;
the bearing seat of the test bearing comprises: a first bearing housing 3, a second bearing housing 11, a third bearing housing 26, and a fourth bearing housing 13.
Preferably, the loading mechanism comprises: the axial loading mechanism and the radial loading mechanism;
the axial loading mechanism consists of four groups of tension springs 5;
four groups of tension springs 5 are respectively fixed on the first bearing seat end cover 23, the second bearing seat end cover 6, the third bearing seat end cover 28 and the fourth bearing seat end cover 12, and when axial load is applied to the test bearing, the axial load is applied through the spring force generated when the tension springs 5 are stretched;
the radial loading mechanism includes: the device comprises a stand column 7, a screw rod 8, a pressure plate 9, a spring 10 and a loading sleeve 11;
the radial loading device is fixed with the workbench 1 through the upright post 7; the upper and lower positions of the pressure plate 9 are adjusted through the work of the screw rod;
the pressure plate 9 extrudes the spring 10 to generate radial force and acts on the loading sleeve 11, and then the radial force is transmitted to the second rolling bearing 25 and the third rolling bearing 27;
the second rolling bearing 25 and the third rolling bearing 27 are connected with a loading sleeve 11 in the middle of the radial loading device;
a cylinder is arranged on the loading sleeve 11 to ensure that the spring cannot deform, bend and fall off;
axial movement can be generated in the working process, and the through hole on the pressure plate 9 is larger than the cylinder on the loading sleeve 11, so that a certain moving range is ensured.
Preferably, the detection device comprises:
temperature sensor, pressure sensor, torque sensor 16, displacement sensor 31, vibration sensor 32
The transmission mechanism includes:
the motor 19, the first coupler 15, the second coupler 18 and the test shaft 4;
temperature sensors are arranged in the first bearing seat 3, the second bearing seat 11, the third bearing seat 26 and the fourth bearing seat 13 and used for monitoring the temperature of each set of bearing in real time;
the motor 19 and the torque sensor 16 are respectively fixed on the bases 20 and 17;
the test shaft 4, the first rolling bearing 22, the second rolling bearing 25, the third rolling bearing 27 and the fourth rolling bearing 29 are arranged on the box bases 2 and 14, the motor 19 is connected with the torque sensor 16 through a coupler 18, and the test shaft 4 is connected with the torque sensor 16 through a coupler 15; when the motor 19 is started, the torque sensor 16 and the test shaft 4 are driven to rotate together at a high speed;
the displacement sensor 31 is arranged on one side of the first bearing seat 3, and measures the displacement of the first rolling bearing 22 in the operation process to obtain the dynamic wear loss of the first rolling bearing 22;
the vibration sensor 32 is arranged in a preset distance of the test shaft 4 and used for monitoring whether the test shaft 4 vibrates reasonably;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the loading mechanism and used for controlling the size of the applied load;
the torque sensor 16 is arranged between the test shaft 4 and the motor 19, two ends of the torque sensor are connected by the first coupler 15 and the second coupler 18, the torque sensor 16 measures the total dynamic friction torque of the four sets of rolling bearings, the four sets of bearings belong to the same working condition, the dynamic friction torque of the single set of bearings can be obtained by evenly distributing the four sets of bearings to the single set of bearings, and the dynamic wear performance and the energy consumption loss of the bearings in the whole life cycle are evaluated according to the known rotating speed and the power of the motor 19.
Preferably, the fixing device comprises a sleeve 24, a first box base 2, a second box base 14, a first lock nut 21 and a second lock nut 30;
the sleeve 24 is arranged between every two bearings and used for limiting, so that the bearings are prevented from sliding, and shaft shoulders of the middle second rolling bearing 25 and the middle third rolling bearing 27 are limited;
the first rolling bearing 22 and the fourth rolling bearing 29 of the two-end test bearing are limited by the first locking nut 21 and the second locking nut 30;
the first box base 2 and the second box base 14 are fixed with the workbench 1, and the situation that the detection result is influenced due to severe vibration caused by overlarge rotating speed is prevented.
Preferably, the fixing means:
when the first bearing seat 3 and the fourth bearing seat 13 are installed, an installation mode that one end of the first bearing seat is fixed and the other end of the first bearing seat is floating is adopted, the fixed end of the first bearing seat is connected with the box seat 2 in an interference fit mode and is fixed through bolts and nuts, the floating end of the first bearing seat is connected with the box seat 14 in a clearance fit mode, the test shaft 4 is heated to expand due to heating in the high-speed rotation process, and at the moment, the floating end can slightly move axially.
Preferably, the test shaft 4 is provided with a first rolling bearing 22, a second rolling bearing 25, a third rolling bearing 27 and a fourth rolling bearing 29 to be tested.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can simultaneously measure the service life, dynamic wear and friction torque of the rolling shaft under combined load, and can also evaluate the dynamic wear performance and energy consumption loss in the whole life cycle through the measured data, thereby being beneficial supplement in the field of rolling bearing performance test.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a test shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a radial loading apparatus of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a rolling bearing life-span energy consumption testing machine under combined load, which comprises:
the device comprises a loading mechanism, a test bearing, a transmission mechanism, a detection device, a fixing device and a workbench 1;
the loading mechanism, the transmission mechanism and the fixing device are all arranged on the workbench 1, and the transmission mechanism is connected with the test bearing;
the loading mechanism applies radial force to the test bearing;
the fixing device is used for limiting and preventing the test bearing from sliding;
the detection device is used for detecting the loading mechanism, the test bearing and the transmission mechanism.
Specifically, the test bearing includes: a first rolling bearing 22, a second rolling bearing 25, a third rolling bearing 27, and a fourth rolling bearing 29;
the bearing seat of the test bearing comprises: a first bearing housing 3, a second bearing housing 11, a third bearing housing 26, and a fourth bearing housing 13.
Specifically, the loading mechanism includes: the axial loading mechanism and the radial loading mechanism;
the axial loading mechanism consists of four groups of tension springs 5;
four groups of tension springs 5 are respectively fixed on the first bearing seat end cover 23, the second bearing seat end cover 6, the third bearing seat end cover 28 and the fourth bearing seat end cover 12, and when axial load is applied to the test bearing, the axial load is applied through the spring force generated when the tension springs 5 are stretched;
the radial loading mechanism includes: the device comprises a vertical column 7, a screw rod 8, a pressure plate 9, a spring 10 and a loading sleeve 11;
the radial loading device is fixed with the workbench 1 through the upright post 7; the upper and lower positions of the pressure plate 9 are adjusted through the work of the screw rod;
the pressure plate 9 extrudes the spring 10 to generate radial force and acts on the loading sleeve 11, and then the radial force is transmitted to the second rolling bearing 25 and the third rolling bearing 27;
the second rolling bearing 25 and the third rolling bearing 27 are connected with a loading sleeve 11 in the middle of the radial loading device;
a cylinder is arranged on the loading sleeve 11 to ensure that the spring cannot deform, bend and fall off;
axial movement can be generated in the working process, and the through hole on the pressure plate 9 is larger than the cylinder on the loading sleeve 11, so that a certain moving range is ensured.
Specifically, the detection device includes:
temperature sensor, pressure sensor, torque sensor 16, displacement sensor 31, vibration sensor 32
The transmission mechanism includes:
the motor 19, the first coupling 15, the second coupling 18 and the test shaft 4;
temperature sensors are arranged in the first bearing seat 3, the second bearing seat 11, the third bearing seat 26 and the fourth bearing seat 13, and the temperature sensors monitor the temperature of each set of bearings in real time;
the motor 19 and the torque sensor 16 are respectively fixed on the bases 20 and 17;
the test shaft 4, the first rolling bearing 22, the second rolling bearing 25, the third rolling bearing 27 and the fourth rolling bearing 29 are arranged on the box bases 2 and 14, the motor 19 is connected with the torque sensor 16 through a coupler 18, and the test shaft 4 is connected with the torque sensor 16 through a coupler 15; when the motor 19 is started, the torque sensor 16 and the test shaft 4 are driven to rotate together at a high speed;
the displacement sensor 31 is arranged on one side of the first bearing seat 3, and measures the displacement of the first rolling bearing 22 in the operation process to obtain the dynamic abrasion loss of the first rolling bearing 22;
the vibration sensor 32 is arranged in a preset distance of the test shaft 4 and used for monitoring whether the test shaft 4 vibrates reasonably;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the loading mechanism and used for controlling the size of the applied load;
the torque sensor 16 is arranged between the test shaft 4 and the motor 19, two ends of the torque sensor are connected by the first coupler 15 and the second coupler 18, the torque sensor 16 measures the total dynamic friction torque of the four sets of rolling bearings, the four sets of bearings belong to the same working condition, the dynamic friction torque of the single set of bearings can be obtained by evenly distributing the four sets of bearings to the single set of bearings, and the dynamic wear performance and the energy consumption loss of the bearings in the whole life cycle are evaluated according to the known rotating speed and the power of the motor 19.
Specifically, the fixing device comprises a sleeve 24, a first box holder 2, a second box holder 14, a first lock nut 21 and a second lock nut 30;
the sleeve 24 is arranged between every two bearings and used for limiting, so that the bearings are prevented from sliding, and shaft shoulders of the middle second rolling bearing 25 and the middle third rolling bearing 27 are limited;
the first rolling bearing 22 and the fourth rolling bearing 29 of the two-end test bearing are limited by a first locking nut 21 and a second locking nut 30;
the first box base 2 and the second box base 14 are fixed with the workbench 1, and the influence of violent vibration caused by overlarge rotating speed on a detection result is prevented.
Specifically, the fixing device:
the first bearing seat 3 and the fourth bearing seat 13 are installed in an installation mode that one end is fixed and the other end is floating, the fixed end is connected with the box seat 2 in an interference fit mode and fixed through bolts and nuts, the floating end is connected with the box seat 14 in a clearance fit mode, the test shaft 4 is heated to expand due to heating in the high-speed rotation process, and the floating end can slightly move axially.
Specifically, the test shaft 4 is provided with a first rolling bearing 22, a second rolling bearing 25, a third rolling bearing 27 and a fourth rolling bearing 29 to be tested.
The present invention will be described more specifically below with reference to preferred examples.
Preferred example 1:
the invention aims to provide a device capable of testing energy loss in the whole life cycle of a rolling bearing under combined load, which can evaluate not only the fatigue life of the rolling bearing, but also the dynamic wear performance and energy loss in the whole life cycle.
In order to solve the technical problem, the conception of the invention is as follows:
designing the same working conditions to act on four sets of the same bearings, testing the total dynamic friction torque of the four sets of the bearings in the whole life cycle, and evenly distributing to obtain the dynamic friction torque M of the single set of the bearings on the single set of the bearings; and summing the friction torque by the sigma M to obtain the energy consumption loss of the single set of bearing.
In order to calculate the energy consumption coefficient, the rotating speed n output by the motor needs to be tested, and the output torque T of the motor can be converted into 9550P/n under the assumption that the output power is P; the coefficient of energy consumption can be expressed as eta-4 sigma M/sigma T
According to the inventive concept, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rolling bearing life-span energy consumption testing machine under combined load comprises a loading mechanism, a testing bearing, a transmission mechanism, a detection device and a fixing device, and is characterized in that the testing bearing is four sets of completely same rolling bearings, a temperature sensor is arranged on a bearing seat of each set of bearing and keeps a certain distance with an outer ring of the bearing, the real-time temperature of each set of bearing is detected at any moment in the rotating process, if the temperature is too high or too low, the problem of the bearing measured by the temperature sensor exists or the device is improperly assembled in the assembling process, the bearing is replaced or reinstalled in time to continue the test, the value measured by the torque sensor is the total friction torque sigma M of the four sets of rolling bearings, the friction torque M of a single set of rolling bearing can be obtained, the motor output torque T can be calculated to be 9550P/n according to the rotating speed and the output power of the known motor, further calculating the energy consumption coefficient eta of the test bearing under the whole life cycle to be 4 sigma M/sigma T and evaluating the life; the loading mechanism loads radial force on the two middle bearings; the vibration sensor aims to observe whether the vibration of the test shaft is reasonable or not, and if the conditions of overlarge or uneven amplitude and the like are detected, the machine needs to be stopped to check and remove reasons; the fixing device adopts an installation mode that one end of the fixing device is fixed and one end of the fixing device floats when the bearing seat is installed, the fixed end of the fixing device is connected with the box seat in an interference fit mode and fixed through bolts and nuts, the floating end of the fixing device is connected with the box seat in a clearance fit mode, the test shaft can expand when heated due to heating in the high-speed rotation process, and the floating end can move slightly axially at the moment.
The loading mechanism comprises a radial loading mechanism and an axial loading mechanism, when a radial load is applied, the screw rod device moves downwards to extrude the spring, the force is transmitted to the bearing through the spring, the bearing is connected with the radial loading mechanism through the loading sleeve, the axial loading mechanism is composed of tension springs, and the axial load is applied through the tension generated by the tension springs.
The test bearing comprises four sets of completely same rolling bearings, and because an assembly mode that one end is fixed and the other end is floating is adopted, and an assembly mode that the middle two bearings and the loading sleeve are floating is adopted, the working condition of each set of bearing is the same, and the friction torque of each set of bearing is the same.
The transmission mechanism comprises a motor, a coupler and a test shaft, the motor is connected with the torque sensor through the coupler, the torque sensor is connected with the test shaft through the coupler, and four sets of rolling bearings to be tested are mounted on the test shaft.
The detection device comprises a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, a vibration sensor, a pressure sensor and a torque sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged near each set of bearing so as to monitor the temperature of each set of rolling bearing in real time; the displacement sensor is arranged on one side of the floating end, the displacement of the floating end is detected in the experimental process, the whole device is started to stably operate after the load is applied, the position of the stably operating floating end is recorded, the position of the floating end at the moment is recorded before the test is finished and the device is shut down, and the dynamic abrasion loss of the rolling bearing at the position can be obtained by calculating the position difference; the vibration sensor is arranged near the test shaft and used for monitoring whether the vibration is reasonable or not; the pressure sensor is arranged on each loading mechanism and used for controlling the magnitude of the applied load; the torque sensor is arranged between the test shaft and the motor, two ends of the torque sensor are connected through the coupler, the torque sensor can measure the total dynamic friction torque of the four sets of rolling bearings, and the total dynamic friction torque is evenly distributed to the single set of bearings, so that the dynamic friction torque of the single set of bearings can be obtained.
The fixing device comprises a sleeve, a box seat and a locking nut, the sleeve is installed between every two bearings and used for limiting, sliding between the bearings is prevented, the shaft shoulder limiting is adopted for two middle test bearings, the test bearings at two ends are limited by the locking nut, the box seat is fixed with the workbench, and the situation that the rotating speed is too large and severe vibration is generated to influence a detection result is prevented.
Preferred embodiment 2:
embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figure 1, the rolling bearing life-cycle energy consumption testing machine under combined load comprises a workbench (1), box bases (2, 14), couplers (15, 18), a torque sensor (16), a displacement sensor (31), a vibration sensor (32), a motor (19), a test shaft (4), test bearings (22, 25, 27, 29) and a loading mechanism. The motor (19) and the torque sensor (16) are respectively fixed on the bases (20) and (17), the test shaft (4) and the test bearings (22, 25, 27 and 29) are installed on the box bases (2) and (14), the motor (19) and the torque sensor (16) are connected through the coupler (18), and the test shaft (4) and the torque sensor (16) are connected through the coupler (15); when the motor (19) is started, the torque sensor (16) and the test shaft (4) are driven to rotate together at a high speed.
As shown in fig. 2, the loading mechanism comprises an axial loading mechanism and a radial loading mechanism, the axial loading mechanism consists of four groups of tension springs (5) with the same type, the tension springs (5) are respectively fixed on bearing seat end covers (23), (6), (28) and (12), and when an axial load is applied to the test bearing, the axial load is applied through the spring force generated when the tension springs (5) are stretched; when the whole device in the figure 2 is arranged on the box bases (2) and (14), a matching mode that one end is fixed and the other end floats is adopted, the bearing seat (13) is a fixed end, and the bearing seat (3) is a floating end, so that the bearing seat (13) and the box base (14) are in interference fit and are connected and fixed by bolts, the bearing seat (3) and the box base (1) are in clearance fit, besides, the middle loading sleeve (11) and the bearing seat (26) are also in clearance fit, so that the position is also a floating part, and the design ensures that the working conditions of each set of test bearing are the same; in the experimental process, the test shaft (4) and the four test bearings (22, 25, 27 and 29) run at high speed, friction and thermal expansion are realized, axial floating can be generated due to clearance fit adopted by the bearing seat (3), the box seat (2), the loading sleeve (11) and the bearing seat (26), and the probe of the displacement sensor (31) is arranged on the outer side of the bearing seat (3), so that the dynamic abrasion loss of the test bearings (22) can be detected in the running process; the vibration sensor (32) is arranged near the test shaft (4) to monitor whether the vibration of the shaft is reasonable or not, and if the shaft breaks down, the shaft is convenient to stop in time, so that the safety of the device is protected; the locking nut (30) is arranged at the right side position of the test shaft (4) to limit the test bearing (29), the test bearings (25) and (27) are limited by a shaft shoulder and a sleeve (24), and the test bearing (22) is limited by the locking nut (21) and the sleeve (24); the installation position of a temperature sensor in the detection device is shown in figure 2, the temperature sensor measures the temperature near the outer ring of the bearing, if the temperature errors measured by four thermometers are small, the working conditions of each set of test bearing are the same according to the design and assembly requirements of the device, the friction torque of the four test bearings is average, and the friction torque of each bearing can be obtained according to the total friction torque measured by the torque sensor (16).
As shown in fig. 3, the radial loading mechanism of the loading mechanism comprises a column (7), a screw rod (8), a pressure plate (9), a spring (10) and a loading sleeve (11); the radial loading device is fixed with the workbench (1) through the upright post (7); the upper and lower positions of the pressure plate (9) are adjusted through the work of the screw rod; the pressing plate (9) extrudes the spring (10) to generate radial force and acts on the loading sleeve (11) so as to transmit the radial force to the test bearing; a cylinder is welded on the loading sleeve (11) for preventing the spring from deforming, bending and falling off, so that the spring can also play a role in protecting a device and an operator; because the axial movement can be generated in the working process, the through hole on the pressure plate (9) is slightly larger than the cylinder on the loading sleeve (11), and a certain moving range is ensured.
Preferred embodiment 3:
a rolling bearing life-span energy consumption test testing machine under combined load comprises a loading mechanism, a test bearing, a transmission mechanism, a detection device and a fixing device, and is characterized in that the test bearing is four sets of completely identical rolling bearings (22, 25, 27 and 29), a temperature sensor is arranged on a bearing seat (3, 11, 26 and 13) of each set of bearing and keeps a certain distance with an outer ring of the bearing, the real-time temperature of each set of bearing is detected constantly in the rotating process, if the temperature is too high or too low, the problem of the bearing measured by the temperature sensor or the problem of improper assembly of the device in the assembly process is indicated, the bearing is replaced or reinstalled in time to continue the test, the value measured by a torque sensor (16) is the total friction torque of the four sets of rolling bearings, and the friction torque of a single set of rolling bearing can be obtained through average distribution, calculating the energy consumption coefficient of the test bearing in the whole life cycle according to the rotating speed and the output power of the known motor;
the loading mechanism loads radial force on the middle two sets of bearings (25, 27);
each rolling bearing of the temperature sensor of the detection device is provided with one rolling bearing and used for monitoring the temperature of each bearing in real time, the temperature is too high or the temperature difference is too large, the temperature needs to be processed in time, and the vibration sensor (32) aims to observe whether the vibration of the test shaft is reasonable or not and judge whether the bearing fails or not;
the fixing device is characterized in that a mounting mode that one end is fixed and one end of the fixing device floats is adopted when the bearing seats (3 and 13) are mounted, the fixed end is connected with the box seat (2) in an interference fit mode and fixed through bolts and nuts, the floating end is connected with the box seat (14) in a clearance fit mode, the test shaft (4) is subjected to thermal expansion due to heating in the high-speed rotating process, and the floating end can slightly move axially.
When radial load is applied, the screw rod device (7, 8, 9) moves downwards to press the spring (10), force is transmitted to the bearings (25, 27) through the spring (10), the bearings (25, 27) are connected with the radial loading device through the loading sleeve (11), the axial loading device is composed of a tension spring (5), and the axial load is applied by the tension generated by the spring (5).
The temperature sensor is arranged near each set of bearing, and is used for monitoring the temperature of each set of rolling bearing in real time; the displacement sensor (31) is arranged on one side of the floating end bearing end cover (3) and is used for measuring the displacement of the floating end bearing (22) in the operation process, so that the dynamic abrasion loss of the rolling bearing (22) can be obtained; the vibration sensor (32) is arranged near the test shaft (4) and used for monitoring whether the vibration is reasonable or not; the pressure sensor is arranged on each loading mechanism and used for controlling the magnitude of the applied load; the torque sensor (16) is arranged between the test shaft (4) and the motor (19), two ends of the torque sensor are connected through the couplers (15, 18), the torque sensor (16) can measure the total dynamic friction torque of the four sets of rolling bearings, the dynamic friction torque of the single set of bearings can be obtained by averagely distributing the four sets of bearings to the single set of bearings due to the fact that the four sets of bearings belong to the same working condition, and the dynamic wear performance and the energy consumption loss of the bearings in the whole life cycle can be evaluated according to the known rotating speed and power of the motor (19).
Sleeve (24) are installed between two liang of bearings for it is spacing, prevent the slip between bearing and the bearing, and two middle experimental bearings (25, 27) shaft shoulders are spacing, and the experimental bearing in both ends is spacing by lock nut (21, 30), and box seat (2, 14) are fixed with workstation (1), thereby prevent that the rotational speed is too big and produce acutely to vibrate and influence the testing result.
The test bearing comprises four sets of completely same rolling bearings, and because an assembly mode that one end is fixed and the other end is floating is adopted, and an assembly mode that the middle two bearings (25, 27) and the loading sleeve (11) are also floating, the working condition of each set of bearings is the same, and the friction torque of each set of bearings is the same.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
It is known to those skilled in the art that, in addition to implementing the system, apparatus and its various modules provided by the present invention in pure computer readable program code, the system, apparatus and its various modules provided by the present invention can be implemented in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like by completely programming the method steps. Therefore, the system, the apparatus, and the modules thereof provided by the present invention may be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included in the system, the apparatus, and the modules for implementing various programs may also be considered as structures in the hardware component; modules for performing various functions may also be considered to be both software programs for performing the methods and structures within hardware components.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a antifriction bearing life-cycle energy consumption testing machine under combined load which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a loading mechanism, a test bearing, a transmission mechanism, a detection device, a fixing device and a workbench (1);
the loading mechanism, the transmission mechanism and the fixing device are all arranged on the workbench (1), and the transmission mechanism is connected with the test bearing;
the loading mechanism applies radial force to the test bearing;
the fixing device is used for limiting and preventing the test bearing from sliding;
the detection device is used for detecting the loading mechanism, the test bearing and the transmission mechanism;
the test bearing comprises four sets of completely same rolling bearings, an assembly mode that one end of each rolling bearing is fixed and the other end of each rolling bearing floats is adopted, and a floating assembly mode is adopted between the middle two bearings and the loading sleeve;
measuring the total friction torque sigma M of four sets of rolling bearings through a torque sensor to obtain the friction torque M of a single set of rolling bearing, calculating the output torque T of the motor according to the rotating speed and the output power of the known motor, further calculating the energy consumption coefficient eta of the test bearing under the whole life cycle to be 4 sigma M/sigma T, and evaluating the service life;
the temperature sensor is arranged on a bearing seat of each bearing, keeps a distance with an outer ring of the bearing, detects the real-time temperature of each bearing at any time in the rotating process, indicates that the bearing measured by the temperature sensor has a problem or the device has an improper assembly problem in the assembly process if the temperature is too high or too low, and timely replaces the bearing or reinstalls the bearing to continue the test.
2. A rolling bearing life-span energy consumption test testing machine under combined load as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the test bearing comprises: a first rolling bearing (22), a second rolling bearing (25), a third rolling bearing (27), and a fourth rolling bearing (29);
the bearing seat of the test bearing comprises: a first bearing seat (3), a second bearing seat (11), a third bearing seat (26) and a fourth bearing seat (13).
3. A rolling bearing life-cycle energy consumption testing machine under combined load according to claim 2, wherein the loading mechanism comprises: the axial loading mechanism and the radial loading mechanism;
the axial loading mechanism consists of four groups of tension springs (5);
four groups of tension springs (5) are respectively fixed on a first bearing seat end cover (23), a second bearing seat end cover (6), a third bearing seat end cover (28) and a fourth bearing seat end cover (12), and when axial load is applied to the test bearing, the axial load is applied through the spring force generated when the tension springs (5) are stretched;
the radial loading mechanism includes: the device comprises a vertical column (7), a screw rod (8), a pressure plate (9), a spring (10) and a loading sleeve (11);
the radial loading device is fixed with the workbench (1) through the upright post (7); the upper and lower positions of the pressure plate (9) are adjusted through the work of the screw rod;
the pressing plate (9) extrudes the spring (10) to generate radial force and acts on the loading sleeve (11) so as to transmit the radial force to the second rolling bearing (25) and the third rolling bearing (27);
the second rolling bearing (25) and the third rolling bearing (27) are connected with a loading sleeve (11) in the middle of the radial loading device;
a cylinder is arranged on the loading sleeve (11) to ensure that the spring cannot deform, bend and fall off;
axial movement can be generated in the working process, and the through hole on the pressure plate (9) is larger than the cylinder on the loading sleeve (11), so that a certain moving range is ensured.
4. A rolling bearing life-span energy consumption testing machine under combined load according to claim 3, characterized in that said detection device comprises:
temperature sensor, pressure sensor, torque sensor (16), displacement sensor (31), vibration sensor (32)
The transmission mechanism includes:
the testing device comprises a motor (19), a first coupling (15), a second coupling (18) and a testing shaft (4);
temperature sensors are arranged in the first bearing seat (3), the second bearing seat (11), the third bearing seat (26) and the fourth bearing seat (13), and the temperature sensors monitor the temperature of each set of bearings in real time;
the motor (19) and the torque sensor (16) are respectively fixed on the bases (20) and (17);
the test shaft (4), the first rolling bearing (22), the second rolling bearing (25), the third rolling bearing (27) and the fourth rolling bearing (29) are arranged on the box bases (2) and (14), the motor (19) and the torque sensor (16) are connected through a coupler (18), and the test shaft (4) and the torque sensor (16) are connected through a coupler (15); when the motor (19) is started, the torque sensor (16) and the test shaft (4) are driven to rotate together at a high speed;
the displacement sensor (31) is arranged on one side of the first bearing seat (3) and is used for measuring the displacement of the first rolling bearing (22) in the operation process to obtain the dynamic abrasion loss of the first rolling bearing (22);
the vibration sensor (32) is arranged in a preset distance of the test shaft (4) and used for monitoring whether the test shaft (4) vibrates reasonably or not;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the loading mechanism and used for controlling the magnitude of the applied load;
the torque sensor (16) is arranged between the test shaft (4) and the motor (19), two ends of the torque sensor are connected by the first coupler (15) and the second coupler (18), the torque sensor (16) measures the total dynamic friction torque of the four sets of rolling bearings, the four sets of bearings belong to the same working condition, the dynamic friction torque of the single set of bearings can be obtained by evenly distributing the four sets of bearings to the single set of bearings, and the dynamic wear performance and the energy consumption loss of the bearings in the whole life cycle are evaluated according to the known rotating speed and the power of the motor (19).
5. The rolling bearing life-span energy consumption testing machine under combined load according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixing device comprises a sleeve (24), a first box seat (2), a second box seat (14), a first lock nut (21) and a second lock nut (30);
the sleeve (24) is arranged between every two bearings and used for limiting to prevent the bearings from sliding, and shaft shoulders of the middle second rolling bearing (25) and the middle third rolling bearing (27) are limited;
the first rolling bearing (22) and the fourth rolling bearing (29) of the two-end test bearing are limited by a first locking nut (21) and a second locking nut (30);
the first box base (2) and the second box base (14) are fixed with the workbench (1) to prevent the detection result from being influenced by severe vibration caused by overlarge rotating speed.
6. The machine for testing the life-cycle energy consumption of rolling bearings under combined load according to claim 5, wherein the fixing device:
adopt the floating mounting means of one end fixed end when first bearing frame (3), fourth bearing frame (13) are installed, the stiff end adopts interference fit to be connected with case seat (2) to there is bolt and nut to fix, the end that floats adopts clearance fit to be connected with case seat (14), because generate heat at high-speed rotatory in-process, experimental axle (4) will be heated expansion, can produce slight axial displacement by the end that floats this moment.
7. A rolling bearing full-life energy consumption testing machine under combined load according to claim 6, characterized in that a first rolling bearing (22), a second rolling bearing (25), a third rolling bearing (27) and a fourth rolling bearing (29) to be tested are arranged on the testing shaft (4).
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| CN114689317A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-01 | 重庆川仪调节阀有限公司 | Circulating dynamic load experimental device |
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