CN114653731A - Aeration method for rapid fermentation of pile in garbage storage pit - Google Patents
Aeration method for rapid fermentation of pile in garbage storage pit Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 314
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
Abstract
The invention discloses an aeration method for rapid fermentation of a heap in a garbage storage pit, which adopts a two-section aeration system comprising a positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, a negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism and a communicating component; the method comprises the following steps: when the concentration value of oxygen in the garbage storage pit is monitored not to be lower than a set value and the duration time exceeds a preset time, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in a series operation mode; namely, a positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and a negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both closed, and a communication valve is opened; when the monitored oxygen concentration value is lower than a set value and the duration time exceeds a preset time, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in an independent operation mode; namely, the positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both opened, and the communicating valve is closed. The method can realize the quick aerobic fermentation of the fermentation pile in the garbage storage pit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aerobic fermentation treatment of organic wastes, in particular to an aeration method for rapid fermentation of a pile in a garbage storage pit.
Background
The native domestic waste moisture content that the msw incineration power plant was handled is generally higher, and most areas are advanced factory rubbish moisture content and are being 50 ~ 60%, receive the season to influence, and the rubbish moisture content in general summer still can be higher, and this just leads to advancing factory rubbish calorific value low, influences the steady operation of waste incinerator. In order to deal with the problem, a garbage incineration power plant is generally designed with a garbage storage pit with a large volume, garbage is firstly stored in the storage pit for a certain number of days after being fed, and the water content of the garbage is reduced and the heat value is increased through natural fermentation in the period. For a waste incineration plant with the scale within kiloton grade, the capacity of the waste storage pit is 1-2 ten thousand cubic meters, and the maximum pile depth is 25-35 meters. The garbage transport vehicle enters a garbage unloading hall after entering a factory for metering, the garbage is unloaded into a garbage storage pit through a discharge port, the garbage is generally stockpiled in the storage pit for 3-10 days, the garbage is naturally fermented and naturally percolated and guided out by garbage leachate, the moisture content of the garbage is reduced in the process, the calorific value is improved, and the garbage is grabbed by a grab bucket bridge crane arranged at the upper part of the storage pit and then is conveyed into a feed port of the incinerator. However, when the garbage incineration plants in northern cold regions operate in winter, the natural fermentation of the garbage is still very difficult even if the storage time in the storage pit is prolonged due to low environmental temperature.
The natural fermentation process requires longer waste retention time and limited dehydration effect, which results in large storage pit occupation area and unstable incineration, and is not favorable for stable operation of projects and pollutant discharge control. Compared with the natural fermentation process, the garbage aerobic fermentation is a biological treatment process with shorter degradation time, higher efficiency and more reliable garbage dehydration and temperature raising effects. The aerobic microorganisms can not be separated from oxygen during the growth and propagation processes, and aerobic fermentation requires that the garbage heap has proper oxygen concentration, and oxygen is provided by ventilation of the heap. The conventional aerobic fermentation modes such as a strip pile type aerobic fermentation mode and a groove type aerobic fermentation mode have limited pile height, for example, the maximum height of the strip pile type aerobic fermentation pile is generally not more than 1.5m, the maximum height of the groove type aerobic fermentation pile is generally not more than 2 m, and the two modes can realize oxygen supply of the pile through simple bottom blowing aeration. However, in the case of a waste incineration power plant, the volume of the waste pit is large, the height of the waste pile can reach dozens of meters generally, and the oxygen concentration and uniform distribution required by the fermentation of the waste pile cannot be realized by the large pit type fermentation pile through a simple bottom blowing aeration mode, so that how to realize the rapid fermentation aeration of the large pit type fermentation pile is a problem to be solved.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aeration method for quickly fermenting a pile in a garbage storage pit, which is suitable for quickly fermenting a large pit type garbage pile and further solves the technical problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides an aeration method for rapid fermentation of a heap in a garbage storage pit, which adopts a two-stage aeration system comprising: the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism and the communicating component are arranged on the shell; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fan inlet pipeline of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism is communicated with the fan outlet pipeline of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism through the communicating component;
the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism comprises: the positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly comprises an air blowing fan, a positive-pressure gas conveying pipeline, a positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly, a fan inlet pipeline and a positive-pressure main air inlet valve; the positive-pressure air inlet valve is arranged on a fan inlet pipeline of the air blower, the positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly is arranged along the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit from top to bottom, and a bottom plugging end keeps a gap with the bottom of the garbage storage pit;
the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism comprises: the device comprises a gas permeable cushion layer, a negative pressure aeration pipe assembly, a negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, a gas-liquid separator, an air exhaust fan, a fan outlet pipeline and a negative pressure aeration exhaust valve, wherein the gas permeable cushion layer is paved at the bottom of the garbage storage pit; the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is laid in the breathable cushion layer and is sequentially connected with a separator and an air exhaust fan outside the garbage storage pit through the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, and the fan outlet pipeline connected with the air exhaust fan is provided with the negative pressure aeration exhaust valve;
the method comprises the following steps:
when the concentration value of oxygen in the garbage storage pit is monitored not to be lower than a set value and the duration time lower than the set value exceeds a preset time, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in a serial operation mode; the series operation mode is as follows: the positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both closed, the communication valve of the communication component is opened, and the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are in a serial state;
when the concentration value of oxygen in the garbage storage pit is monitored to be lower than a set value and the duration time lower than the set value exceeds a preset time, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in an independent operation mode; the independent operation mode is that a positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and a negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both opened, a communication valve of a communication component is closed, and the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are in independent operation states respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the aeration method for rapidly fermenting the stack in the garbage storage pit has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism and the communicating component, the fan inlet pipeline of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism is connected to the fan outlet pipeline of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism through the communicating component to form a two-section aeration system which can realize the combination of positive pressure and negative pressure, can aerate the garbage storage pit from the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, can operate in a corresponding series mode or an independent mode according to the monitored oxygen concentration in the garbage storage pit, can construct a penetration-enhanced gas diffusion flow field at two ends for the fermentation stack in the garbage storage pit, can enhance the air circulation and the oxygen concentration gradient distribution of the three-dimensional space of the garbage storage pit through forced ventilation measures such as power transmission, pressure diffusion and the like, reduces the air circulation resistance formed by the functions of sedimentation, compaction, uneven separation and the like of the garbage stack, and realizes that the oxygen concentration in the large deep pit type garbage fermentation stack is not lower than a set value, and the uniformity of oxygen distribution in the pile body is obviously improved, so that the fermentation rate is accelerated, the method has obvious significance for improving the operation stability and the generating capacity of the garbage incinerator, and the storage capacity and the occupied area of a garbage storage pit can be obviously reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an aeration method for rapid fermentation of a heap in a refuse storage pit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a two-stage combined aeration system of the aeration method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-garbage storage; 2-a positive pressure aeration tube assembly; 3, a protective net; 4-leachate guide and discharge grating; 5-negative pressure aeration pipe assembly; 6-a gas permeable cushion layer; 7-a positive pressure gas delivery line; 8-an air blower; 9-a negative pressure gas delivery pipeline; 10-a gas-liquid separator; 11-an air exhaust fan; 12-a positive pressure main inlet valve; 13-negative pressure main exhaust valve; 14-communication valve.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the specific content of the invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms that may be used herein are first described as follows:
the term "and/or" means that either or both can be achieved, for example, X and/or Y means that both cases include "X" or "Y" as well as "X and Y".
The terms "comprising," "including," "containing," "having," or other similar terms of meaning should be construed as non-exclusive inclusions. For example: including a feature (e.g., material, component, ingredient, carrier, formulation, material, dimension, part, component, mechanism, device, process, procedure, method, reaction condition, processing condition, parameter, algorithm, signal, data, product, or article of manufacture), is to be construed as including not only the particular feature explicitly listed but also other features not explicitly listed as such which are known in the art.
The term "consisting of … …" is meant to exclude any technical feature elements not explicitly listed. If used in a claim, the term shall render the claim closed except for the inclusion of the technical features that are expressly listed except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. If the term occurs in only one clause of the claims, it is defined only to the elements explicitly recited in that clause, and elements recited in other clauses are not excluded from the overall claims.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "secured," etc., are to be construed broadly, as for example: can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms herein can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
When concentrations, temperatures, pressures, dimensions, or other parameters are expressed as ranges of values, the ranges are to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of upper, lower, and preferred values within the range, regardless of whether ranges are explicitly recited; for example, if a numerical range of "2 ~ 8" is recited, then the numerical range should be interpreted to include ranges of "2 ~ 7", "2 ~ 6", "5 ~ 7", "3 ~ 4 and 6 ~ 7", "3 ~ 5 and 7", "2 and 5 ~ 7", and the like. Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges recited herein include both the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the numerical range.
The terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship that is indicated based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description only, and are not intended to imply or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting herein.
The two-stage combined aeration system and method provided by the present invention are described in detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art. Those not specifically mentioned in the examples of the present invention were carried out according to the conventional conditions in the art or conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used in the examples of the present invention are not specified by manufacturers, and are all conventional products available by commercial purchase.
The embodiment of the invention provides an aeration method for rapid fermentation of a heap in a garbage storage pit, which adopts a two-stage aeration system (see figure 2) comprising: the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism and the communicating component are arranged on the shell; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the fan inlet pipeline of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism is communicated with the fan outlet pipeline of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism through the communicating component;
the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism comprises: the positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly comprises an air blowing fan, a positive-pressure gas conveying pipeline, a positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly, a fan inlet pipeline and a positive-pressure main air inlet valve; the positive-pressure air inlet valve is arranged on a fan inlet pipeline of the air blowing fan, the positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly is arranged along the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit from top to bottom, and a bottom plugging end keeps an interval with the bottom of the garbage storage pit;
the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism comprises: the device comprises a gas permeable cushion layer, a negative pressure aeration pipe assembly, a negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, a gas-liquid separator, an air exhaust fan, a fan outlet pipeline and a negative pressure aeration exhaust valve, wherein the gas permeable cushion layer is paved at the bottom of the garbage storage pit; the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is laid in the breathable cushion layer and is sequentially connected with a separator and an air exhaust fan outside the garbage storage pit through the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, and the fan outlet pipeline connected with the air exhaust fan is provided with the negative pressure aeration exhaust valve;
comprising the following steps (see fig. 1):
when the monitored oxygen concentration value in the garbage storage pit does not meet the requirement that the oxygen concentration value is lower than a set value and the duration time of the oxygen concentration value lower than the set value exceeds a preset duration, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in a series operation mode; the series operation mode is as follows: the positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both closed, the communication valve of the communication component is opened, and the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are in a serial state;
when the concentration value of oxygen in the garbage storage pit is monitored to be lower than a set value and the duration time lower than the set value exceeds a preset time, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in an independent operation mode; the independent operation mode is that a positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and a negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both opened, a communication valve of the communication component is closed, and the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are in independent operation states respectively.
In the aeration method, the set value of the oxygen concentration of the monitoring condition can be 5%, the preset time can be 2 hours, and the set value and the preset time can also be determined according to the specific process parameters of the garbage storage pit. In the two-stage aeration system, the air permeable cushion layer is a cobblestone cushion layer, and the thickness of the cobblestone upper cushion layer on the upper part of the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is 150-250 mm;
the thickness of the cobblestone underlayer at the lower part of the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is 200-400 mm.
The cobblestone cushion layer with the structure can ensure better air permeability and negative pressure aeration effect.
In the aeration method, in the negative pressure air extraction aeration mechanism, the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly consists of at least two negative pressure aeration pipes, and the negative pressure aeration pipes are distributed at intervals in a breathable cushion layer at the bottom of the garbage storage pit;
each negative pressure aeration pipe is made of high-strength flexible pipe materials, a plurality of aeration ports are arranged on each negative pressure aeration pipe at intervals along the axial direction, and a plurality of through holes uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of each negative pressure aeration pipe are formed in each aeration port;
the negative pressure aeration pipe is wrapped with at least one breathable protective layer.
In the aeration method, in the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly, the distance between two adjacent negative pressure aeration pipes is 5-15 m; the interval can ensure that the fermentation heap in the garbage storage pit always keeps the air circulation and the oxygen concentration gradient distribution, and ensures that the oxygen concentration in the fermentation heap meets the process requirement;
preferably, the number of the negative pressure aeration pipes forming the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly can be set according to the size of the bottom of the garbage storage pit, as long as the aeration uniformity in the garbage storage pit can be ensured;
the distance between adjacent aeration openings on the negative pressure aeration pipe is 500 mm;
the number of the through holes is 4-8, and the aperture of each through hole is 10-100 mm.
The negative pressure aeration pipe with the structure can ensure the air exhaust uniformity, avoids the blockage of garbage materials to the aeration port during air exhaust, improves the aeration effect, reduces the cleaning and maintenance cost and prolongs the service life.
In the aeration method, the negative pressure air extraction aeration mechanism further comprises:
a second flowmeter, a second thermometer and a second pressure gauge; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the second flowmeter, the second thermometer and the second pressure gauge are all connected to the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline.
In the aeration method, in the two-section aeration system, the communicating component adopts a communicating pipe provided with a communicating valve.
In the aeration method, in the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the positive pressure aeration pipe assembly consists of at least two positive pressure aeration pipes, the positive pressure aeration pipes are distributed on the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit at intervals, and are arranged along the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit from top to bottom, and the bottom plugging end is 3-5 m away from the bottom of the garbage storage pit;
preferably, the number of the positive pressure aeration pipes forming the positive pressure aeration pipe assembly can be set according to the size of the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit, as long as the aeration uniformity in the garbage storage pit can be ensured;
a plurality of aeration openings are arranged on each positive pressure aeration pipe at intervals along the axial direction, and each aeration opening is back to the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit;
and a protective net is arranged outside each aeration port of the positive pressure aeration pipe. Preferably, a protective net can be arranged outside the positive pressure aeration pipe at the part contacting with the garbage of the fermentation pile body. The aperture of the protective net is preferably 5-20 mm. The protective net is arranged, so that each aeration opening of the positive pressure aeration pipe is not blocked by garbage materials, the cleaning and maintenance cost is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
In the aeration method, in the positive pressure aeration pipe assembly, the distance between adjacent positive pressure aeration pipes is 10-20 m; the interval can ensure that the fermentation heap in the garbage storage pit always keeps the air circulation and the oxygen concentration gradient distribution, and ensures that the oxygen concentration in the fermentation heap meets the process requirement;
the distance between adjacent aeration openings on the positive pressure aeration pipe is 1-2 m;
the aperture of the protective net is 5-20 mm.
In the aeration method, the positive pressure blast aeration means further comprises:
the first flowmeter, the first thermometer and the first pressure gauge; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the first flowmeter, the first thermometer and the first pressure gauge are all connected to the positive pressure gas conveying pipeline.
The side surface of the bottom of the garbage storage pit applied by the aeration method is provided with a percolate guide and discharge grid.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention forms a two-stage aeration system capable of realizing the combination of positive pressure and negative pressure by arranging the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism and the communicating component, wherein the blower inlet pipeline of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism is connected to the blower outlet pipeline of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism through the communicating component, the two-stage aeration system can build a two-end reinforced penetration type gas diffusion flow field for the fermentation stack in the garbage storage pit by monitoring the oxygen concentration in the garbage storage pit and running in a series mode or an independent mode, the air circulation resistance formed by the functions of sedimentation, compaction, uneven separation and the like of the garbage stack can be reduced by strengthening the air circulation and the oxygen concentration gradient distribution of the three-dimensional space of the garbage storage pit through forced ventilation measures such as power transmission, pressure diffusion and the like, and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation stack in the large garbage storage pit is not lower than the set value, can promote the aeration effect of the fermentation heap in the garbage storage pit, and further promote the fermentation effect.
In order to more clearly show the technical scheme and the technical effects provided by the invention, the aeration method for rapidly fermenting the heap in the garbage storage pit provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail by specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides an aeration method for rapidly fermenting a heap in a garbage storage pit, which can realize aeration of uniformly distributing the heap in the garbage storage pit according to the required oxygen concentration by combining a positive pressure section and a negative pressure section, and realize rapid fermentation of the heap, wherein the two-section aeration system (see figure 2) comprises:
the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism and the communicating component are arranged on the shell; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fan inlet pipeline of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism is communicated with the fan outlet pipeline of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism through a communicating component;
the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism mainly comprises: the positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly comprises an air blowing fan, a positive-pressure gas conveying pipeline, a positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly, a fan inlet pipeline and a positive-pressure main air inlet valve; the positive pressure gas conveying pipeline is provided with a first flowmeter, a first thermometer, a first pressure gauge and other instruments, valves and other pipeline accessories; air-blast fan blast air gets into malleation aeration pipe assembly via malleation air delivery pipeline, malleation aeration pipe assembly comprises many malleation aeration pipes, each malleation aeration pipe interval distribution sets up on rubbish storage pit inside wall, interval between two adjacent malleation aeration pipes is preferred 10 ~ 20 meters, every malleation aeration pipe is arranged to 3 ~ 5 meters departments to apart from the pit bottom along rubbish storage pit inside wall top-down according to the air current direction, the shutoff of the pipe bottom, the last aeration mouth that sets up according to the interval of 1 ~ 2 meters of axial along the malleation aeration pipe, the aeration mouth is storing up the pit lateral wall dorsad, the aeration mouth can adopt multiple form, like the pipeline trompil, aeration head etc, malleation aeration pipe (containing the aeration mouth) and the peripheral whole protection of the rubbish contact segment of fermentation heap body adopt the protection network to block up the aeration mouth in order to avoid rubbish, protection network aperture 5 ~ 20 mm.
The negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism mainly comprises: the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline is provided with instruments such as a second flowmeter, a second thermometer and a second pressure gauge and pipeline accessories such as valves; the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is composed of a plurality of negative pressure aeration pipes, the negative pressure aeration pipes are distributed at intervals and are laid in a cobblestone cushion layer serving as a breathable cushion layer at the bottom of the garbage storage pit, the thicknesses of the upper and lower cobblestone cushions of the upper and lower parts of each negative pressure aeration pipe are respectively 150-250 mm and 200-400 mm, each negative pressure aeration pipe is made of high-strength high-toughness pipes such as HDPE (high-density polyethylene), aeration ports are arranged on the negative pressure aeration pipe along the axial direction at intervals of 500mm, the aeration ports are in a pipeline opening form, 4-8 holes are formed in the periphery along the radial direction and are uniformly distributed, the hole diameter is 10-100 mm, and after the negative pressure aeration pipe is opened, 1-2 layers of protective materials with high gas permeability such as geotextile and the like can be wrapped; under the suction action of the air exhaust fan, air in the garbage pile is sent into the gas-liquid separator through the negative pressure aeration pipes and the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, and the gas-liquid separator has the functions of filtering, condensing, dehydrating, removing impurities and the like and is integrated equipment. The exhaust of the air exhaust fan can be sent to the garbage incinerator to be used as combustion air.
The positive pressure blast aeration mechanism (which is a positive pressure blast aeration section of the first section) and the connected negative pressure air extraction aeration mechanism (which is a negative pressure air extraction aeration section of the second section) can independently operate or operate in series; the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism can independently operate or operate in series by controlling the on-off states of the communicating valve, the positive pressure main air inlet valve and the negative pressure main exhaust valve;
the switching between the two operating modes is realized by the following pipeline design and valve control modes:
the series operation mode is as follows: the positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both closed, and the communicating valve of the communicating component is opened.
The independent operation mode is as follows: and a positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and a negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both opened, and a communication valve of the communication component is closed.
Referring to fig. 1, the switching condition of the two operation modes is the oxygen concentration value in the garbage storage pit, and the normal operation mode (i.e. the condition that the oxygen concentration value in the garbage storage pit does not satisfy less than 5% and the duration time exceeds 2 hours) is defaulted to the series operation mode; the stand-alone mode of operation is initiated when the monitored oxygen concentration meets the condition of less than 5% and a duration of more than 2 hours.
According to the width of the side wall of the garbage storage pit and the size of the bottom of the garbage storage pit, the number of positive pressure aeration pipes of a positive pressure aeration pipe assembly of the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and the number of negative pressure aeration pipes of a negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism can be respectively set to be multiple, the distance between adjacent positive pressure aeration pipes of the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism is 10-20 meters, and the distance between adjacent negative pressure aeration pipes of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism is 5-15 meters. The interval between the positive and negative pressure aeration pipes can ensure that the fermentation heap in the garbage storage pit always keeps the air circulation and the oxygen concentration gradient distribution, and ensures that the oxygen concentration in the fermentation heap is not lower than 5%.
According to the aeration method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the positive-negative pressure two-section combined aeration process is adopted to construct the enhanced penetration type gas diffusion flow fields at the two ends of the pile body, the air circulation and the oxygen concentration gradient distribution of the three-dimensional space of the garbage storage pit are enhanced through the forced ventilation measures such as power transmission, pressure diffusion and the like, the air circulation resistance formed by the sedimentation, compaction, uneven separation and the like of the garbage pile body is reduced, and the oxygen concentration in the garbage pile body in the large storage pit is not lower than 5%.
The aeration method does not change the operation modes of moving and loading the garbage in the connecting storage pit by adopting a grab bridge crane, and not generating any influence on the up-and-down lifting and global translation of the garbage grab; through the homogenizing action of the grab bucket such as material pouring, mixing and the like, the distribution uniformity of oxygen in the garbage pile body is favorably improved.
The aeration method is used for aerobic fermentation of the household garbage in the large-scale connected storage pit, meets the demand of aerobic microbial flora metabolism on oxygen, can obviously accelerate the fermentation rate, shorten the garbage stacking time in the storage pit, reduce the water content of the garbage after fermentation and improve the temperature of the garbage after fermentation compared with the current natural fermentation, and has obvious significance for improving the operation stability and the generating capacity of the garbage incinerator.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an aeration system for a fermentation pile of a garbage storage pit, which is used for the garbage storage pit with the volume of 20m (L) x 15m (W) x 30m (H), wherein positive pressure aeration pipes are not arranged on the long-side wall where a discharge opening is positioned, positive pressure aeration pipes are respectively arranged on the inner walls of other three side walls, the positive pressure aeration pipes form a positive pressure aeration pipe assembly, two groups of positive pressure aeration pipes are specifically designed on the long-side wall, the interval between the adjacent positive pressure aeration pipes is 10m, and a group of positive pressure aeration pipes are respectively arranged in the middle of the inner walls of the two short side walls; two negative pressure aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom of the pit along the direction parallel to the long side wall, and the interval between the two negative pressure aeration pipes is 5 meters.
The positive pressure blast aeration mechanism comprises: the device comprises a centrifugal fan, a positive pressure gas conveying pipeline and a positive pressure aeration pipe assembly, wherein a first flowmeter, a first thermometer, a first pressure gauge and other metering and process instruments are arranged on the positive pressure gas conveying pipeline. The centrifugal fan blast air of 20 ten thousand standard sides/hour of rated flow gets into each malleation aeration pipe of malleation aeration pipe subassembly via malleation air delivery pipeline, every malleation aeration pipe all arranges to 3 meters departments apart from the bottom of the pit along storage pit inside wall top-down according to the air current direction, the shutoff at the bottom of the pipe, it sets up the aeration mouth according to 1 meters interval along the axial on the malleation aeration pipe, it adds 25 to establish the aeration mouth on every group malleation aeration pipe, the aeration mouth is the storage pit lateral wall dorsad, the air aeration head is installed to the aeration mouth, the aeration pipe (including the aeration head) is whole with the peripheral protection of adopting the protection network of rubbish contact segment in order to avoid rubbish to block up the aeration mouth, protection network aperture 10 mm.
The negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism comprises: the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline is provided with metering and process instruments such as a second flowmeter, a second thermometer, a second pressure gauge and the like. The negative pressure aeration pipe assembly consists of two negative pressure aeration pipes, each negative pressure aeration pipe is 18 meters in length, the two negative pressure aeration pipes are respectively laid in a cobblestone cushion layer serving as an air permeable cushion layer at the bottom of the garbage storage pit in parallel along the direction of a long side wall, the thicknesses of an upper cushion layer and a lower cushion layer of cobblestones at the upper part and the lower part of each negative pressure aeration pipe are respectively 200mm and 300mm, each negative pressure aeration pipe is made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene) pipes, aeration ports are axially arranged on the pipes according to the distance of 500mm, the aeration ports are in a pipeline opening form, 4 holes are formed along one circle along the radial direction and are uniformly distributed, the hole diameter is 30mm, and 1 layer of geotextile is wrapped after the negative pressure aeration pipes are opened; under the suction action of a Roots blower with the rated flow of 20 kilo-square/hour, air in the fermentation stack garbage is sent into a gas-liquid separator through a negative pressure aeration pipe and a negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, and the gas-liquid separator has the functions of filtering, condensing, dehydrating, removing impurities and the like and is integrated equipment; and a part of the exhaust gas of the Roots blower is sent to the garbage incinerator to be used as combustion-supporting air, and the rest part of the exhaust gas is sent to the positive-pressure blast aeration mechanism through the communicating valve to be recycled.
Through the positive-negative pressure combined two-section type aeration system, the fermentation heap in the garbage storage pit is aerated in a series operation mode or an independent operation mode according to the oxygen concentration value in the garbage storage pit, so that the oxygen concentration in the fermentation heap is not lower than 5%, and the oxygen demand of aerobic microbial community metabolism is met.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. An aeration method for rapid fermentation of a heap in a garbage storage pit is characterized in that an adopted two-stage aeration system comprises: the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism and the communicating component are arranged on the shell; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fan inlet pipeline of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism is communicated with the fan outlet pipeline of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism through the communicating component;
the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism comprises: the positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly comprises an air blowing fan, a positive-pressure gas conveying pipeline, a positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly, a fan inlet pipeline and a positive-pressure main air inlet valve; the positive-pressure air inlet valve is arranged on a fan inlet pipeline of the air blowing fan, the positive-pressure aeration pipe assembly is arranged along the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit from top to bottom, and a bottom plugging end keeps an interval with the bottom of the garbage storage pit;
the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism comprises: the device comprises a ventilating cushion layer, a negative pressure aeration pipe assembly, a negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, a gas-liquid separator, an air exhaust fan, a fan outlet pipeline and a negative pressure aeration exhaust valve, wherein the ventilating cushion layer is paved at the bottom of the garbage storage pit; the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is laid in the breathable cushion layer and is sequentially connected with a separator and an air exhaust fan outside the garbage storage pit through the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline, and the fan outlet pipeline connected with the air exhaust fan is provided with the negative pressure aeration exhaust valve;
the method comprises the following steps:
when the concentration value of oxygen in the garbage storage pit is monitored not to be lower than a set value and the duration time lower than the set value exceeds a preset time, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in a serial operation mode; the series operation mode is as follows: the positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both closed, the communication valve of the communication component is opened, and the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are in a serial state;
when the monitored oxygen concentration value in the garbage storage pit is lower than a set value and the duration time lower than the set value exceeds a preset time, controlling the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism to operate in an independent operation mode; the independent operation mode is that a positive pressure main air inlet valve of the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and a negative pressure main exhaust valve of the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are both opened, a communication valve of the communication component is closed, and the positive pressure air blast aeration mechanism and the negative pressure air exhaust aeration mechanism are in independent operation states respectively.
2. An aeration method for rapid fermentation of a heap in a garbage storage pit according to claim 1, wherein in the two-stage aeration system, a cobble cushion layer is adopted as an air permeable cushion layer, and the thickness of the cobble upper cushion layer at the upper part of the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is 150-250 mm;
the thickness of the cobblestone underlayer at the lower part of the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is 200-400 mm.
3. An aeration method for the rapid fermentation of a heap in a garbage storage pit according to claim 1, wherein in the negative pressure air-extracting aeration mechanism, the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly is composed of at least two negative pressure aeration pipes, and each negative pressure aeration pipe is distributed at intervals in a breathable cushion layer at the bottom of the garbage storage pit;
each negative pressure aeration pipe is made of high-strength flexible pipe materials, a plurality of aeration ports are arranged on each negative pressure aeration pipe at intervals along the axial direction, and a plurality of through holes uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of each negative pressure aeration pipe are formed in each aeration port;
the negative pressure aeration pipe is wrapped with at least one breathable protective layer.
4. An aeration method for the rapid fermentation of piles in a refuse storage pit according to claim 3,
in the negative pressure aeration pipe assembly, the distance between two adjacent negative pressure aeration pipes is 5-15 m;
the distance between adjacent aeration openings on the negative pressure aeration pipe is 500 mm;
the number of the through holes is 4-8, and the aperture of each through hole is 10-100 mm.
5. An aeration method for the rapid fermentation of a pile in a garbage storage pit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the negative pressure air-extraction aeration mechanism further comprises:
a second flowmeter, a second thermometer and a second pressure gauge; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the second flowmeter, the second thermometer and the second pressure gauge are all connected to the negative pressure gas conveying pipeline.
6. An aeration method for the fast fermentation of a pile in a garbage storage pit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the two-stage aeration system, a communicating component adopts a communicating pipe provided with a communicating valve.
7. An aeration method for rapid fermentation of a pile in a garbage storage pit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the positive pressure blast aeration mechanism, the positive pressure aeration pipe assembly is composed of at least two positive pressure aeration pipes, each positive pressure aeration pipe is arranged on the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit at intervals, all the positive pressure aeration pipes are arranged along the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit from top to bottom, and the bottom plugging end is 3-5 m away from the bottom of the garbage storage pit;
a plurality of aeration openings are arranged on each positive pressure aeration pipe at intervals along the axial direction, and each aeration opening is back to the inner side wall of the garbage storage pit;
and a protective net is arranged outside each aeration port of the positive pressure aeration pipe.
8. An aeration method for the rapid fermentation of a heap in a refuse storage pit according to claim 7,
in the positive pressure aeration pipe assembly, the distance between adjacent positive pressure aeration pipes is 10-20 m;
the distance between adjacent aeration openings on the positive pressure aeration pipe is 1-2 m;
the aperture of the protective net is 5-20 mm.
9. An aeration method for the rapid fermentation of a pile in a garbage storage pit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the positive pressure blast aeration means further comprises:
the first flowmeter, the first thermometer and the first pressure gauge; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the first flowmeter, the first thermometer and the first pressure gauge are all connected to the positive pressure gas conveying pipeline.
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