CN114646748B - Simulation test device and test method for sand burst of coal mine stope - Google Patents
Simulation test device and test method for sand burst of coal mine stope Download PDFInfo
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- CN114646748B CN114646748B CN202210256447.XA CN202210256447A CN114646748B CN 114646748 B CN114646748 B CN 114646748B CN 202210256447 A CN202210256447 A CN 202210256447A CN 114646748 B CN114646748 B CN 114646748B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
A simulation test device and a simulation test method for sand burst of a coal mine stope relate to the technical field of mining engineering. The device includes controller, motor, test mechanism and monitoring system, test mechanism includes the test box, the slide, the slider, simulate tunnel, the screwed pipe, the rubber buffer, connect the rope, pressure sensor and side column, the skin of test box is provided with a plurality of side columns, first slide setting is in the test box bottom, the second slide setting is on the base, the third slide setting is between test box and base, simulate tunnel installs in first slide, the screwed pipe sets up on the test box of simulate tunnel top, the rubber buffer cooperates with the screwed pipe, connect the rope and link to each other with the rubber buffer. The motor and the connecting rope are matched to control the rubber plug, the controller receives pressure monitoring data and controls the motor, the monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor for monitoring and simulating the damage condition of a roadway, a high-definition camera and a three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system, and stope sand burst under the condition of different overlying strata thickness can be simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a simulation test device and a test method for sand burst of a coal mine stope.
Background
Coal is very important in energy development, and because the main mining coal seam overlying strata structure of a part of mining areas generally has the characteristics of shallow burial depth, thin bedrock and thick loose layer, cracks are easily expanded to the thick loose layer in the fracture process of the roof strata, so that sand burst accidents are caused, and the safe production of a working face is threatened. However, the occurrence condition and mechanism of the coal mine sand-breaking disaster are complex, and the occurrence condition and mechanism are related to various factors such as the scale and property of the overburden layer on the coal seam, the coal seam exploitation mode, the overburden thickness and intensity, the overburden structure characteristics and the like. Moreover, because the underground mining engineering has concealment and sudden occurrence of accidents, the research on the sand bursting mechanism and influencing factors through field observation becomes very difficult.
In the prior art Chinese patent (publication No. CN 105931552A), the provided water burst and sand burst simulation experiment device controls the communication area size of the seepage channel by controlling the movement amount of the moving steel plate, and can realize the random adjustment of the opening size of the seepage channel in the range from the complete closing to the complete opening of the seepage channel, so that seepage liquid in the second cavity can flow into a fractured rock sample in the first cavity at a certain speed; the device is mainly used for simulating the seepage phenomenon of the fractured rock in a certain area, and lacks observation of the sand bursting phenomenon of a single aperture (drill hole and pipeline).
In addition, the existing simulation test device for the drill hole sand-bursting and water-bursting phenomenon of the stope has the following defects when simulating the sand-bursting condition: the single burst Sha Kongjing is not adjustable, so that experimental data is single; most experimental devices change the cross-sectional area by shielding the sand-burst hole, so that the shape of the sand-burst hole is changed and is inconsistent with the fact; the influence of different overburden thicknesses on sand burst cannot be accurately simulated; lack of monitoring the ground sand-bursting process and the tunnel damage condition; the sand-bursting phenomenon of the fractured rock is universally simulated, and the simulation of the sand-bursting phenomenon of the single aperture (drill hole and pipeline) is lacked; experimental equipment is sealed more or adopts accurate mechanical parts, and many sand grains, dust cause experimental apparatus to pollute easily in the experiment, are difficult to clear up, increase gradually experimental error along with the increase of experiment number of times.
In this case, it is necessary to provide a further improvement of the conventional test apparatus and test method for simulating the sand and water collapse caused by improper plugging of the drill hole.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively simulate the sand burst phenomenon caused by improper plugging of drilling holes and the like, simplify the test device and the test steps, and research the sand burst phenomenon at different angles under various apertures, the invention provides a simulation test device and a simulation test method for the sand burst of a coal mine stope.
The utility model provides a colliery stope sand burst analogue simulation test device, includes controller, motor, test mechanism and monitoring system, test mechanism includes test box, slide, slider, simulation tunnel, screwed pipe, rubber buffer and connecting rope, and first slide sets up in test box bottom, and the second slide sets up on the base, and the third slide sets up between test box and base, and the simulation tunnel is installed in the second slide, and first slider and second slider cooperate with first slide and third slide respectively, and the screwed pipe sets up on the test box of simulation tunnel top, and the rubber buffer cooperates with the screwed pipe, and connecting rope links to each other with the rubber buffer; the motors comprise a first motor and a second motor, the controller receives pressure monitoring data and controls the motors, and the monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor for monitoring damage of the simulated roadway, a high-definition camera and a three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system.
Preferably, the inner wall of the test box is provided with scale marks, and the scale marks measure the heights of sand grains and the threaded pipe in the box; the outer layer of the test box is provided with a plurality of side columns.
Preferably, the projections of the first slide way and the third slide way on the horizontal plane are mutually perpendicular, the second slide block moves in the third slide way, the first slide block moves in the first slide way, and the intersection point positions of the first slide way and the third slide way are calibrated.
It is also preferable that a threaded hole is formed in the middle of the first slideway, the threaded hole is matched with the threaded pipe, and the height of the threaded pipe is adjusted according to the simulated thickness of the overburden rock.
It is also preferable that the shape of the second slideway is the same as the shape of the simulated roadway, and the section is rectangular, trapezoidal, circular, arched or semicircular; the screw hole at the middle part of the first sliding block simulates bursting Sha Kongkui sand.
It is also preferable that the pressure sensor is arranged in the simulation tunnel, the high-definition camera is parallel to the simulation tunnel and is arranged at the entrance or in the simulation tunnel, and the three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system is arranged opposite to the threaded pipe.
It is also preferable that the first motor is engaged with the connection rope, and the rubber stopper is adjusted by controlling the rotation speed; and the second motor is connected with the simulated roadway to pull the simulated roadway to move and control the movement speed.
A coal mine stope sand-bursting simulation test method, which uses the coal mine stope sand-bursting simulation test device, comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the shape, the overlying strata thickness and the drilling angle of a simulated roadway;
s2, installing a monitoring system, and adjusting a shooting center of the high-definition camera to be aligned with the threaded pipe;
s3, adjusting the height of the threaded pipe according to the thickness of the overlying strata, and pouring sand into the test box;
s4, adjusting the position of the second sliding block, and calibrating the first sliding block;
s5, setting the rotating speed of the second motor, and controlling the simulated roadway movement speed;
s6, collecting test data by the controller until sand burst is finished, and cleaning sand grains;
s7, repeating the steps S1 to S6 after replacing the first sliding block.
It is further preferred that the diameter and angle of the threaded hole on the first slider be set according to the simulated drilling diameter and angle; and laying water-proof cloth above the sand grains, and performing drilling water-breaking sand-breaking test after water is injected.
It is further preferred that the relation of roadway damage to borehole diameter, overburden thickness, borehole angle and time is determined from test data.
The simulation test device and the test method for the sand burst of the coal mine stope have the beneficial effects that:
(1) The test device simulates the actual condition of the sand-bursting holes by adopting a combination of a threaded pipe, a slide block provided with a drilling hole and a rubber plug, and simulates the sand bursting of a stope by replacing threaded pipes and parts with different diameters, so that the shape of the sand-bursting holes is ensured to be kept stable, and the test device accords with the field actual condition; the distance between the upper end of the threaded pipe and the bottom of the test box can be adjusted by changing the height of the threaded pipe, so that the sand breaking condition of a stope under the condition of different overlying strata thickness can be simulated.
(2) The device can effectively observe the displacement condition of each point when the stope is broken by utilizing the three-dimensional optical measurement of the monitoring system, and generate detailed data and video data; the two sliding blocks can be positioned, the sliding blocks are fixed through the sliding channels outside the box body, and the sliding blocks can be moved to the fixed positions to correct the positions of the first sliding channels in the box body, so that the threaded holes are located right above the roadway. The device has simple integral structure, is convenient to disassemble and clean, and is convenient to replace when the device is worn or damaged.
(3) The method for carrying out the simulation test of the broken sand of the coal mine stope by utilizing the device can obtain the time-dependent change rule of the broken roadway under the conditions of different drilling diameters and different overburden thicknesses by collecting and processing test data, and can also estimate the breaking degree, duration and proceeding degree of the broken roadway when broken sand occurs according to the overburden thickness and the drilling angle; in addition, the device has the advantages of convenience and flexibility in test operation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation test device for sand burst of a coal mine stope;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the test mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a test structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another direction of the test structure;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a test structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a base structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the slider;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the mating structure of the rubber stopper;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a threaded pipe structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simulation test of sand burst;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a simulation test of the water bursting of the sand bursting;
in the figure: 1-a test box; 2-a base; 3-a first slideway; 4-a second slideway; 5-a third slideway; 6-a first slider; 7-simulating a roadway; 8-a second slider; 9-a threaded tube; 10-a rubber plug; 11-connecting ropes; 12-a pressure sensor; 13-a threaded hole; 14-sand grains; 15-water-proof cloth; 16-water; 17-side column.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, specific embodiments of a simulation test device and a simulation test method for sand bursting in a coal mining field are described.
The utility model provides a colliery stope sand burst analogue simulation test device, includes controller, motor, test mechanism and monitoring system, and wherein the controller adjusts the motor and receives monitoring data, and the part motion of test mechanism is controlled to the motor, and monitoring system arranges on test mechanism and monitors test parameter.
Wherein, test mechanism includes test box, slide, slider, simulation tunnel, screwed pipe, rubber buffer and connecting rope, and first slide 3 sets up in test box 1 bottom, and second slide 4 sets up on the base, and third slide 5 sets up between test box 1 and base 2 to at the bottom edge of test box, test box 1 and base cooperation installation. The simulation roadway 7 is arranged in the second slideway 4 and can move along the second slideway 4, the first sliding block 6 and the second sliding block 8 are respectively matched with the first slideway 3 and the third slideway 5 and move in the slideways, the threaded pipe 9 is arranged on a test box above the simulation roadway 7, the rubber plug 10 is matched with the threaded pipe 9, and the connecting rope is connected with the rubber plug 10. The motors include a first motor that controls the movement of the rubber stopper 10 and a second motor that controls the simulated roadway movement. The controller receives the pressure monitoring data and controls the motor, and simultaneously processes the monitoring data, and the monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor for monitoring damage of the simulated roadway, a high-definition camera and a three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system. The test device simulates the actual condition of the sand-bursting holes by adopting a combination of a threaded pipe, a slide block provided with a drilling hole and a rubber plug, and simulates the sand bursting of a stope by replacing threaded pipes and parts with different diameters, so that the shape of the sand-bursting holes is ensured to be kept stable, and the test device accords with the field actual condition; the distance between the upper end of the threaded pipe and the bottom of the test box can be adjusted by changing the height of the threaded pipe, so that the sand breaking condition of a stope under the condition of different overlying strata thickness can be simulated.
The inner wall of the test box 1 is provided with scale marks, the scale marks measure the heights of sand grains and the threaded pipe 9 in the box, the outer layer of the test box is provided with a plurality of side columns 17, and the side columns strengthen the structure of the test box 1. The projections of the first slideway 3 and the third slideway 5 on the horizontal plane are mutually perpendicular, the second sliding block 8 moves in the third slideway 5, the first sliding block 6 moves in the first slideway 3, and the intersection point positions of the first slideway 3 and the third slideway 5 are calibrated. Firstly, the second slide block 8 is moved to the leftmost side of the third slide way 5, the first slide block 6 is inserted into the first slide way 3 from the back of the experiment box 1 until the first slide block 6 contacts with the second slide block 8, and then the position calibration of the first slide block 1 is completed. When the second sliding block 8 is moved to the leftmost side of the third sliding way 5, the position of the first sliding block 6 can be calibrated, so that the sand-breaking hole simulated by the threaded pipe 9 is ensured to be positioned right above the simulation roadway 7.
The middle part of the first slideway 3 is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole 13 is matched with a threaded pipe, the height of the threaded pipe is adjusted according to the simulated overburden thickness, and the height of the threaded pipe 9 higher than the bottom of the test box is the overburden thickness. The thickness of the overburden rock is adjusted in a large range by selecting the threaded pipes 9 with different heights, and is adjusted in a small range by rotating the threaded pipes 9, so that sand bursting test simulation can be effectively performed in a range of the thickness of the overburden rock as large as possible, and the accuracy of the thickness of the overburden rock can be ensured.
The threaded hole 13 in the middle of the first sliding block 3 can be round, square with a clamping groove at the lower part, diamond-shaped or other shapes, and can be used for simulating the crumple Sha Kongkui sand with various shapes. Preferably circular, the cross-section of the actual probe bore is more circular, and circular threaded bores are easier to manufacture into cylindrical threaded pipes for use therewith. Meanwhile, the direction of the threaded hole 13 can be randomly adjusted, can be perpendicular to the simulated roadway 7, can be intersected with the simulated roadway 07 at a certain angle (smaller than 90 degrees), can be used for exploring the influence of the inclination angle of the sand-bursting hole on water-bursting and sand-bursting, is preferably perpendicular to the simulated roadway, and is simple in manufacturing process, and the threaded pipe 9 is easier to be matched with the threaded hole 13. The vertical condition can be used as a main experiment, and the threaded holes 13 with other angles can be used as a control experiment for comparison analysis.
The rubber plug is put in from the upper side of the threaded pipe 9, one end of the connecting rope 11 is connected with the lower end of the rubber plug 10, and the connecting rope 11 penetrates through the threaded pipe 9 and the simulated roadway 7 and then is connected with the first motor. The shape of the second slideway 4 is the same as that of the simulated roadway 7, and the section of the second slideway is rectangular, trapezoidal, circular, arched or semicircular; the threaded hole in the middle of the first slider 6 simulates the crumple Sha Kongkui sand. In the embodiment, a cuboid is selected, the section of the roadway is mostly in a circular arch shape, the roof is not damaged in the sand-breaking experiment, only the bottom plate and the two sides are needed to be considered, and the cuboid is easy to process and is more practical. The pressure sensor is arranged in the simulation roadway, the high-definition camera is parallel to the simulation roadway and provided with an inlet or arranged in the simulation roadway, and the three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system is arranged opposite to the threaded pipe.
The first motor is matched with the connecting rope, and the rubber plug is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed. The simulated roadway 7 is inserted into the second slideway 4, and finally one end of the simulated roadway 7 is connected with a second motor, which can be connected by a traction rope or a gear rack structure, and the second motor is connected with the simulated roadway to pull the simulated roadway to move and control the movement speed.
The high-definition cameras are placed in parallel at the inlet end of the simulation roadway 7 or some small photographic devices with strong dustproof capacity are selected to be placed in the simulation roadway 7. The three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system is placed beside the experimental device, and the camera is aligned to the middle position on the upper surface of the experimental box 1, so that the position of the threaded pipe 9 is located at the center position in the shooting area of the camera. The purpose of the high-definition camera is to record images when the sand burst happens, and to more intuitively represent the internal condition of the simulation roadway 7 when the sand burst happens.
The device can effectively observe the displacement condition of each point when the stope is broken by utilizing the three-dimensional optical measurement of the monitoring system, and generate detailed data and video data; the two sliding blocks can be positioned, the sliding blocks are fixed through the sliding channels outside the box body, and the sliding blocks can be moved to the fixed positions to correct the positions of the first sliding channels in the box body, so that the threaded holes are located right above the roadway. The device has simple integral structure, is convenient to disassemble and clean, and is convenient to replace when the device is worn or damaged.
A coal mine stope sand-bursting simulation test method, which uses the coal mine stope sand-bursting simulation test device, comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the shape, the overlying strata thickness and the drilling angle of the simulated roadway.
S2, installing a monitoring system, and adjusting the shooting center of the high-definition camera to be aligned with the threaded pipe.
S3, adjusting the height of the threaded pipe according to the thickness of the overlying strata, and pouring sand into the test box.
S4, adjusting the position of the second sliding block, and calibrating the first sliding block. When the experiment starts, the first motor is started by one key through the controller, the rubber plug is quickly pulled out from the lower part, and the experimental device starts to burst sand
S5, setting the rotating speed of the second motor, and controlling the simulated roadway movement speed. And after the experiment is started, the input speed is always kept to pull the simulation roadway to perform uniform motion.
When the input speed of the controller is 0, the simulation roadway is kept still, and at the moment, the simulation can obtain impact values and image data received by the roadway when sand burst occurs through the pressure sensor and high-definition camera equipment in the monitoring system. When the input speed of the controller is not 0, the simulated roadway keeps uniform motion, and at the moment, the simulation can obtain the relation of sand bursting speed, sand size and time by observing the sand condition in each section of simulated roadway with a certain length.
S6, the controller collects test data until sand burst is finished, and after sand grains are cleaned. The pressure sensor is mainly used for simulating the damage condition of each point of the roadway when the sand burst occurs. The three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system has the main functions of 3D observation, can record the tiny displacement of each point, and can generate a corresponding displacement map to be transmitted to a controller.
S7, repeating the steps S1 to S6 after replacing the first sliding block.
Through drilling sand-breaking tests of different overburden thicknesses and different angles, the pressure sensor continuously collects data for simulating the stress of the roadway, so that the time-dependent change rule of the roadway under the conditions of different drilling diameters and different overburden thicknesses is obtained, and the time-dependent change rule of the roadway under the conditions of different angle drilling and different overburden thicknesses is obtained. Fitting out the empirical formulas of roadway damage and drilling diameter, overburden thickness, drilling angle and time. In practical application, the damage degree, duration and proceeding degree of the roadway when sand burst occurs can be estimated according to the thickness of the overlying strata and the drilling angle.
In addition, the diameter and the angle of the threaded hole are set according to the simulated drilling diameter and the angle on the first sliding block; and (3) laying water-proof cloth above the sand grains, and performing a drilling water-bursting sand-bursting test after injecting a proper amount of water.
The method for carrying out the simulation test of the broken sand of the coal mine stope by utilizing the device can obtain the time-dependent change rule of the broken roadway under the conditions of different drilling diameters and different overburden thicknesses by collecting and processing test data, and can also estimate the breaking degree, duration and proceeding degree of the broken roadway when broken sand occurs according to the overburden thickness and the drilling angle; in addition, the device has the advantages of convenience and flexibility in test operation and the like.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The simulation test device is characterized by comprising a controller, a motor, a test mechanism and a monitoring system, wherein the test mechanism comprises a test box, a slide way, a sliding block, a simulation roadway, a threaded pipe, a rubber plug and a connecting rope, the first slide way is arranged at the bottom of the test box, the second slide way is arranged on a base, the third slide way is arranged between the test box and the base, the simulation roadway is arranged in the second slide way, the first sliding block and the second sliding block are respectively matched with the first slide way and the third slide way, the threaded pipe is arranged on the test box above the simulation roadway, the rubber plug is matched with the threaded pipe, and the connecting rope is connected with the rubber plug; the motor comprises a first motor and a second motor, the controller receives pressure monitoring data and controls the motors, and the monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor for monitoring damage of the simulated roadway, a high-definition camera and a three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system;
the inner wall of the test box is provided with scale marks, and the scale marks measure the heights of sand grains and the threaded pipes in the box; the outer layer of the test box is provided with a plurality of side columns;
the projections of the first slide way and the third slide way on the horizontal plane are mutually perpendicular, the second slide block moves in the third slide way, the first slide block moves in the first slide way, and the cross point position of the first slide way and the cross point position of the third slide way are calibrated;
the middle part of the first slideway is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole is matched with the threaded pipe, and the height of the threaded pipe is adjusted according to the simulated thickness of the overlying strata;
the shape of the second slideway is the same as that of the simulated roadway; the threaded hole in the middle of the first sliding block simulates bursting Sha Kongkui sand;
the pressure sensor is arranged in the simulation roadway, the high-definition camera is parallel to the simulation roadway and is arranged at an inlet or in the simulation roadway, and the three-dimensional optical photogrammetry system and the threaded pipe are oppositely arranged.
2. The simulation test device for the sand burst of the coal mine stope according to claim 1, wherein the first motor is matched with the connecting rope, and the rubber plug is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed; and the second motor is connected with the simulated roadway to pull the simulated roadway to move and control the movement speed.
3. A method for simulating the sand burst of a coal mine stope, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining the shape, the overlying strata thickness and the drilling angle of a simulated roadway;
s2, installing a monitoring system, and adjusting a shooting center of the high-definition camera to be aligned with the threaded pipe;
s3, adjusting the height of the threaded pipe according to the thickness of the overlying strata, and pouring sand into the test box;
s4, adjusting the position of the second sliding block, and calibrating the first sliding block;
s5, setting the rotating speed of the second motor, and controlling the simulated roadway movement speed;
s6, collecting test data by the controller until sand burst is finished, and cleaning sand grains;
s7, repeating the steps S1 to S6 after replacing the first sliding block.
4. A method of simulation test for sand burst in a coal mine stope according to claim 3, wherein the first slider has a diameter and an angle of a screw hole arranged according to a simulated drilling diameter and an angle; and laying water-proof cloth above the sand grains, and performing drilling water-breaking sand-breaking test after water is injected.
5. The simulation test method for the sand burst of the coal mine stope according to claim 4, wherein the relation between the roadway damage and the drilling diameter, the overburden thickness, the drilling angle and the time is determined according to test data.
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