CN114645796A - Silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114645796A CN114645796A CN202210263208.7A CN202210263208A CN114645796A CN 114645796 A CN114645796 A CN 114645796A CN 202210263208 A CN202210263208 A CN 202210263208A CN 114645796 A CN114645796 A CN 114645796A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/04—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by coating, e.g. with a protective or activated covering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
- C22C49/06—Aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof, wherein a gradient layered composite structure is prepared by adopting a cold spraying technology; the composite material comprises a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer from inside to outside; each layer is a composite material formed by mixing silicon nitride fibers with different diameters and aluminum alloy powder after vacuum aluminizing modification; the surface of the silicon nitride is modified by vacuum coating, so that the surface of the ceramic is metallized, good compatibility can be formed between the ceramic and the aluminum alloy, and the strength of the cylinder sleeve can be improved; the silicon nitride fiber has self-lubricating property, so that the cylinder sleeve has certain self-lubricating property, and the cylinder pulling behavior of the cylinder sleeve is favorably reduced; the silicon nitride fibers with different diameters form a multilayer composite structure with different characteristics, so that the aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve is compact in structure and has a certain hardness gradient, and the requirements of comprehensive performance of lubrication and strength are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engine cylinder liners, in particular to an engine cylinder liner prepared from a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy gradient layered composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Each working cycle of the diesel engine goes through four strokes of air intake, compression, work application and exhaust. Its advantages are high power and high economic performance. When the diesel engine works, air enters the cylinder, and when the air in the cylinder is compressed to the end point, the temperature can reach 500-. When the piston is close to the top dead center, the high pressure pump on the engine injects diesel oil into the cylinder at high pressure, the diesel oil forms fine oil particles which are mixed with high-pressure and high-temperature air, the diesel oil mixed gas is combusted by itself and expands violently to generate explosive force to push the piston to do work downwards, the temperature can reach 1900-2000 ℃, the pressure can reach 60-100 atmospheric pressures, and the generated power is very high, so that the diesel engine is widely applied to large diesel automobiles. Because the engine cylinder sleeve directly contacts with the combustion chamber, the working condition of the engine cylinder sleeve is extremely poor.
The cylinder liners of engines are classified into dry cylinder liners and wet cylinder liners. The cylinder sleeve with the back surface not contacted with the cooling water is a dry cylinder sleeve, and the cylinder sleeve with the back surface contacted with the cooling water is a wet cylinder sleeve. The dry cylinder sleeve is thin, simple in structure and convenient to process, and the wet cylinder sleeve is in direct contact with cooling water, so that the engine is cooled, and the engine is small and light.
Engine cylinder liners are generally cast by gray cast iron or aluminum alloy, but cast iron has high density and is gradually eliminated. The aluminum matrix composite has been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronic packaging and the like due to its excellent characteristics of low density, high specific strength, high specific modulus, high wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and the like. In order to reduce the weight of vehicles, aluminum alloy cylinder liners are increasingly used.
Cylinder scuffing is a common failure behavior during use. The cylinder drawing of the diesel engine refers to the phenomenon that the piston assembly of the diesel engine and the matched working surface of the cylinder interact violently to generate friction, and excessive abrasion, galling, scratch, craze or seize are generated on the working surface. The cylinder pulling is the adhesion abrasion of different degrees generated under the condition of lubrication, when the cylinder pulling is light, a cylinder sleeve piston assembly is damaged, and when the cylinder pulling is serious, a vicious machine damage accident of cylinder biting can be caused. The piston or the connecting rod is broken, and the machine is damaged, so that a serious accident is caused. The main reason is the insufficient wear resistance and self-lubricating property of the cylinder sleeve.
Currently, aluminum matrix composites are mainly classified into particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites and fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Although the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite has higher strength, the fracture toughness is poorer, and the use reliability is insufficient; the fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material, especially the continuous fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material, can ensure the strength of the composite material and improve the fracture toughness, the shock resistance and the like of the material. At present, carbon fibers are mainly used in the fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, and the strength of the fibers is reduced due to the reaction of the carbon fibers and aluminum, so that the carbon fibers must be subjected to interface treatment for many times, and the preparation process of the material is more complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve with high strength, high toughness and high lubricity and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of poor wear resistance, insufficient self-lubricating property and insufficient strength of the cylinder sleeve.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve sequentially comprises a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer from inside to outside;
the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer are composite materials formed by mixing silicon nitride fibers with different diameters and aluminum alloy powder after vacuum aluminizing modification;
the diameter of the silicon nitride superfine fiber in the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 1-5 microns;
the diameter of the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 10-20 micrometers;
the diameter of the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 30-40 micrometers.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows: the thickness of the aluminum alloy film on the surface of the silicon nitride fiber of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 1-2 microns.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows: the particle size of the mixed aluminum alloy powder is 30-60 microns.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows: the length of the silicon nitride superfine fiber in the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 10-20 microns, and the content of the silicon nitride superfine fiber is 3-5 wt%.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows: the length of the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 30-50 micrometers, and the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber is 5-10 wt%.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows: the length of the silicon nitride coarse fibers in the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 50-80 microns, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fibers is 10-15 wt%.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows: the thickness of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 2-3 mm; the thickness of the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 3-4 mm; the thickness of the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 4-5 mm, and the total thickness of the gradient layered composite structure is 9-12 mm.
The invention adopts the further technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the preparation method of the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameter of 1-5 micrometers, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameter of 10-20 micrometers and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameter of 30-40 micrometers;
step two, respectively mixing the silicon nitride superfine fibers, the silicon nitride fine fibers and the silicon nitride coarse fibers which are coated in the step one with aluminum alloy powder to form prefabricated objects for preparing a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three, adopting a tubular aluminum alloy bushing as a support body, and spraying prefabricated objects of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer in the step two on the surface of the support body in sequence by adopting a cold spraying technology;
forming a gradient layered composite structure consisting of a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer on the surface of the support body;
and step four, after the preparation is finished, placing the engine cylinder sleeve prefabricated body obtained in the step three into an annealing furnace for stress relief annealing, and removing the support body through machining to finally obtain the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows: the deposition pressure in the first step is 0.4-0.6Pa, the deposition bias is 0-50V, and the deposition temperature is 100-150 ℃;
when in cold spraying in the third step, the heating temperature of cold spraying gas is 600-650 ℃, the working pressure is 2.5-5MPa, and the distance from the spray gun mouth to the support body is controlled to be 50-300 mm;
and step four, performing stress relief annealing at the temperature of 150-300 ℃.
The further optimization scheme of the invention is as follows:
in the first step, the thickness of the aluminum alloy film is 1-2 microns;
in the second step, the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 30-60 microns;
in the third step, the thickness of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 2-3 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride superfine fiber is 3-5 wt%;
the thickness of the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 3-4 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber is 5-10 wt%; the thickness of the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 4-5 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fibers is 10-15 wt%;
the total thickness of the gradient laminated composite structure is 9-12 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the silicon nitride fiber is adopted to modify the aluminum alloy, and is a high-performance ceramic fiber with good interface compatibility with aluminum.
Compared with the conventional silicon nitride ceramic composite material, the silicon nitride surface in the patent is modified through vacuum coating, so that the ceramic surface is metallized, better compatibility can be formed between the ceramic surface and aluminum alloy, and the strength can be reduced due to the reaction of fibers and aluminum.
In addition, the silicon nitride fiber has good high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and high strength, and the silicon nitride fiber can effectively improve the strength, toughness, temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of the material when being used for the aluminum matrix composite material.
The silicon nitride fiber has self-lubricating property, the self-lubricating property of the material can be improved when the silicon nitride fiber is added into the aluminum alloy, and the cylinder sleeve has certain self-lubricating property when a lubricating medium cannot perform good lubrication, so that the cylinder sleeve pulling behavior can be reduced.
The silicon nitride fibers with different diameters are utilized to form a multilayer composite structure with different characteristics, so that the aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve not only has a compact structure, but also has a certain hardness gradient, and the requirements of comprehensive properties of lubrication and strength are met.
In the preparation method, the cold spraying technology is used for preparation, so that the defect that the smelting method cannot prepare silicon-aluminum nitride alloys with different contents in the same component is overcome, and the preparation of the gradient material is realized; in addition, the application of heat treatment after cold spraying greatly reduces the stress of the cold-sprayed cylinder sleeve, can form a high-density cylinder sleeve, and improves the wear resistance and strength of the cylinder sleeve.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only drawn for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless specifically stated otherwise, the drawings are merely schematic representations based on conceptual representations of elements or structures depicted and may contain exaggerated displays and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a silicon nitride fiber after vacuum aluminum alloy plating film treatment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a support body and a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the description is illustrative only, and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner was prepared by the following method;
the method comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on three types of silicon nitride fibers A of silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameters of 1-5 microns, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameters of 10-20 microns and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameters of 30-40 microns, wherein the deposition pressure is 0.4Pa, the deposition bias voltage is 0V, the deposition temperature is 100 ℃, the thickness B of the aluminum alloy film is 1 micron, and the specific structure is shown in figure 2.
Step two: respectively mixing three types of silicon nitride fibers of the coated silicon nitride superfine fibers, the coated silicon nitride fine fibers and the coated silicon nitride coarse fibers with aluminum alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 30 microns, so as to form a prefabricated object for preparing the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three: and preparing the cylinder sleeve by adopting a cold spraying technology after mixing. During cold spraying, the tubular aluminum alloy bushing with the same size as the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve is used as a support body, and the fiber reinforced aluminum alloy is prepared on the surface of the support body. The heating temperature of cold spray gas is 600 ℃ during cold spray, the working pressure is 2.5MPa, and the distance from the spray gun opening to the support body is controlled at 50 mm.
Firstly, a prefabricated object of a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is sprayed on a support body to form a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 2 mm, and the content of silicon nitride superfine fibers is 3 wt%.
Then, a silicon nitride fine fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy layer of 3 mm thickness was sprayed thereon, the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber being 5 wt%.
Finally, a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 4 mm is sprayed, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fiber is 10 wt%. And after the cold spraying preparation is finished, controlling the total thickness of the material to be 9 mm to form a gradient layered composite structure.
After the preparation is finished, the cylinder liner is placed into an annealing furnace, stress relief annealing is carried out at the temperature of 150 ℃, the supporting body is removed through machining, and finally the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner is obtained.
As shown in fig. 3, the obtained silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner comprises a cylinder body 200 of a gradient layered composite structure and a cylinder liner inner cavity 100. The cylinder body 200 comprises a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer 1, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer 3 from inside to outside; the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer are composite materials formed by mixing silicon nitride fibers with different diameters and aluminum alloy powder after vacuum aluminizing modification; the diameter of the silicon nitride fiber in the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 1-5 microns; the diameter of the silicon nitride fiber in the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 10-20 microns; the diameter of the silicon nitride fiber in the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 30-40 microns.
According to the technical scheme, firstly, the surface of the silicon nitride is modified. At present, the powder surface modification methods are more, and include chemical plating, electroplating, vacuum plating and the like. The electroplating efficiency and the chemical plating efficiency are high, but the process has serious pollution, and the green and environment-friendly production cannot be realized. The vacuum plating has the advantages that the metal material can be plated on the surfaces of various materials, and the type of the material is not selective. The aluminum alloy is firstly plated on the surface of the silicon nitride fiber by vacuum plating, so that the compatibility between the silicon nitride fiber and the aluminum alloy powder is improved, and a bonding interface with high bonding force can be obtained in the spraying process.
In addition, cold spraying is utilized to prepare the composite cylinder liners. The cold spraying technology has the characteristics of high density, low temperature in the preparation process and the like, and overcomes the defects of phase change of materials and the like caused by high temperature of the conventional spraying technology. In particular to an aluminum alloy material doped with silicon nitride. When the cold spraying technique is used, the silicon nitride fibers and the aluminum alloy powder are simply mixed to be sprayed. In addition, the cold spraying technology can be adopted to realize the preparation of aluminum alloy layers with different silicon nitride contents. And the conventional smelting technology cannot prepare the cylinder sleeve with different components. In the cold spraying process, the purpose of gas heating is mainly to soften the aluminum alloy powder material, so that when a sample is sprayed on the surface of a workpiece, the material is well deformed, and high compactness is obtained.
In order to obtain composite materials with different silicon nitride doping conditions. In this embodiment, three different powder feeders are used, and each powder feeder contains a silicon nitride-doped alloy material. When the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is sprayed, the other two powder feeders are closed. And after the spraying of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is finished, closing the powder feeder, and opening the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy powder feeder to spray the material. And the three layers of different silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy gradient laminated composite structures are obtained by the same method.
During the spraying process, since the temperature is lower than the reaction temperature of the silicon nitride fiber and the aluminum alloy, no diffusion reaction occurs between the fiber and the aluminum alloy. However, since the aluminum alloy is powder moving at a high speed in the cold spraying process, when the aluminum alloy and the silicon nitride powder impact the substrate at a high speed, a certain high temperature exists locally due to the fact that the speed in the impact process is converted into heat energy. Therefore, besides mechanical bonding, a certain metallurgical reaction exists between the silicon nitride fiber and the aluminum alloy, the composite effect of the silicon nitride fiber and the aluminum alloy is further enhanced, and the strength and the wear resistance of the material are improved.
The silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve and the preparation method have the following advantages:
firstly, compared with the conventional silicon nitride ceramic composite material, the silicon nitride surface in the embodiment is modified through vacuum coating, so that the ceramic surface is metallized, and good compatibility can be formed between the ceramic surface and aluminum alloy;
secondly, the cold spraying technology is adopted to prepare the gradient silicon nitride fiber composite aluminum alloy composite material, so that the defect that the smelting method cannot prepare silicon aluminum nitride alloys with different contents in the same component is overcome, and the preparation of the gradient material is realized;
thirdly, the cylinder sleeve prepared by doping the silicon nitride fibers with the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and self-lubrication, and the wear resistance and the self-lubrication performance of the cylinder sleeve are improved;
fourthly, the application of heat treatment after cold spraying greatly reduces the stress of the cold sprayed cylinder sleeve, and a high-density cylinder sleeve can be formed;
fifthly, the vacuum coating technology and the cold spraying technology are adopted as the traditional preparation technology, and meanwhile, the coating equipment is simple in structure, easy to control and good in industrial application prospect;
the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve prepared by the embodiment has the characteristics of high strength and high density, so that the cylinder sleeve has good lubricating property and wear resistance, the quality of the cylinder sleeve is improved, the processing quality is stable, the processing efficiency is improved, and the production cost of a manufacturer is reduced.
Example two:
in the embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, part of process parameters for preparing the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve are adjusted, and only the different parts are subjected to parameters, and the rest parts are the same as those in the first embodiment and are not described again.
Preparing a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve by the following method;
the method comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on three types of silicon nitride fibers including silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameters of 1-5 microns, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameters of 10-20 microns and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameters of 30-40 microns, wherein the deposition pressure is 0.6Pa, the deposition bias voltage is 50V, the deposition temperature is 150 ℃, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy film is 2 microns.
Step two: respectively mixing three types of silicon nitride fibers of the coated silicon nitride superfine fibers, the coated silicon nitride fine fibers and the coated silicon nitride coarse fibers with aluminum alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 60 microns, so as to form a prefabricated object for preparing the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three: and preparing the cylinder sleeve by adopting a cold spraying technology after mixing. During cold spraying, the tubular aluminum alloy bushing with the same size as the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve is used as a support body, and the fiber reinforced aluminum alloy is prepared on the surface of the support body. The heating temperature of cold spraying gas is 650 ℃, the working pressure is 5MPa, and the distance from the spray gun mouth to the support body is controlled at 300 mm.
Firstly, a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 3 mm is sprayed on a support body by a prefabricated object of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, and the content of the silicon nitride superfine fiber is 5 wt%.
Subsequently, a silicon nitride fine fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy layer of 4 mm thickness was sprayed thereon, the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber being 10 wt%.
Finally, a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 5 mm is sprayed, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fibers is 15 wt%. And after the cold spraying preparation is finished, the total thickness of the material is controlled to be 12 mm, and a gradient layered composite structure is formed.
After the preparation is finished, the cylinder liner is placed into an annealing furnace, stress relief annealing is carried out at the temperature of 300 ℃, the supporting body is removed through machining, and finally the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner is obtained.
Example three:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, some process parameters for preparing the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner are adjusted, and only the different parts are subjected to the parameters, and the rest of the process parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment and are not described again.
Preparing a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve by the following method;
the method comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on three types of silicon nitride fibers including silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameters of 1-5 microns, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameters of 10-20 microns and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameters of 30-40 microns, wherein the deposition pressure is 0.5Pa, the deposition bias voltage is 40V, the deposition temperature is 120 ℃, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy film is 1.5 microns.
Step two: respectively mixing three types of silicon nitride fibers of the coated silicon nitride superfine fibers, the coated silicon nitride fine fibers and the coated silicon nitride coarse fibers with aluminum alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 50 microns, so as to form a prefabricated object for preparing the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three: and preparing the cylinder sleeve by adopting a cold spraying technology after mixing. During cold spraying, the tubular aluminum alloy bushing with the same size as the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve is used as a support body, and the fiber reinforced aluminum alloy is prepared on the surface of the support body. The heating temperature of cold spraying gas in cold spraying is 650 ℃, the working pressure is 4MPa, and the distance from the nozzle of the spray gun to the sample is controlled to be 200 mm.
Firstly, a prefabricated object of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is sprayed on the support body to form the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 2.5 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride superfine fiber is 4 wt%.
Then, a silicon nitride fine fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy layer of 3.5 mm thickness was sprayed thereon, the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber being 8 wt%.
Finally, a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 4.5 mm is sprayed, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fibers is 12 wt%. And after the cold spraying preparation is finished, the total thickness of the material is controlled to be 10.5 millimeters, and a gradient layered composite structure is formed.
After the preparation is finished, the cylinder liner is placed into an annealing furnace, stress relief annealing is carried out at the temperature of 200 ℃, the supporting body is removed through machining, and finally the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner is obtained.
Example four:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, some process parameters for preparing the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner are adjusted, and only the different parts are subjected to the parameters, and the rest of the process parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment and are not described again.
Preparing a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve by the following method;
the method comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on three types of silicon nitride fibers including silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameters of 1-5 microns, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameters of 10-20 microns and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameters of 30-40 microns, wherein the deposition pressure is 0.4Pa, the deposition bias voltage is 50V, the deposition temperature is 150 ℃, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy film is 1 micron.
Step two: respectively mixing three types of silicon nitride fibers of the coated silicon nitride superfine fibers, the coated silicon nitride fine fibers and the coated silicon nitride coarse fibers with aluminum alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 40 microns, so as to form a prefabricated object for preparing the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three: and preparing the cylinder sleeve by adopting a cold spraying technology after mixing. During cold spraying, the tubular aluminum alloy bushing with the same size as the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve is used as a support body, and the fiber reinforced aluminum alloy is prepared on the surface of the support body. The heating temperature of cold spraying gas in cold spraying is 600 ℃, the working pressure is 3MPa, and the distance from the spray gun opening to the support body is controlled at 100 mm.
Firstly, a prefabricated object of a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is sprayed on a support body to form a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 3 mm, and the content of silicon nitride superfine fibers is 4 wt%.
Subsequently, a silicon nitride fine fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy layer of 4 mm thickness was sprayed thereon, the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber being 9 wt%.
Finally, a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 4 mm is sprayed, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fibers is 12 wt%. And after the cold spraying preparation is finished, controlling the total thickness of the material to be 11 mm to form a gradient layered composite structure.
After the preparation is finished, the cylinder liner is placed into an annealing furnace, stress relief annealing is carried out at 180 ℃, the supporting body is removed through machining, and finally the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner is obtained.
Example five:
in the embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, part of process parameters for preparing the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve are adjusted, and only the different parts are subjected to parameters, and the rest parts are the same as those in the first embodiment and are not described again.
Preparing a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve by the following method;
the method comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on three types of silicon nitride fibers, namely silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameter of 1-5 micrometers, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameter of 10-20 micrometers and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameter of 30-40 micrometers, wherein the deposition pressure is 0.5Pa, the deposition bias is 30V, the deposition temperature is 140 ℃, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy film is 2 micrometers.
Step two: respectively mixing three types of silicon nitride fibers of the coated silicon nitride superfine fibers, the coated silicon nitride fine fibers and the coated silicon nitride coarse fibers with aluminum alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 40 microns, so as to form a prefabricated object for preparing the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three: and preparing the cylinder sleeve by adopting a cold spraying technology after mixing. During cold spraying, the tubular aluminum alloy bushing with the same size as the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve is used as a support body, and the fiber reinforced aluminum alloy is prepared on the surface of the support body. The heating temperature of cold spraying gas in cold spraying is 630 ℃, the working pressure is 4MPa, and the distance from the spray gun opening to the support body is controlled to be 250 mm.
Firstly, a prefabricated object of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is sprayed on the support body to form the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 2.6 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride superfine fiber is 3.5 wt%.
Then, a silicon nitride fine fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy layer of 3.8 mm thickness was sprayed thereon, the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber being 9 wt%.
Finally, a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 4.2 mm is sprayed, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fibers is 12 wt%. And after the cold spraying preparation is finished, the total thickness of the material is controlled to be 10.6 millimeters, and a gradient layered composite structure is formed.
After the preparation is finished, the cylinder liner is placed into an annealing furnace, stress relief annealing is carried out at the temperature of 260 ℃, the supporting body is removed through machining, and finally the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner is obtained.
Example six:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, some process parameters for preparing the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner are adjusted, and only the different parts are subjected to the parameters, and the rest of the process parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment and are not described again.
Preparing a silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve by the following method;
the method comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on three types of silicon nitride fibers, namely silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameter of 1-5 microns, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameter of 10-20 microns and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameter of 30-40 microns, wherein the deposition pressure is 0.5Pa, the deposition bias voltage is 20V, the deposition temperature is 130 ℃, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy film is 1 micron.
Step two: respectively mixing three types of silicon nitride fibers of the coated silicon nitride superfine fibers, the coated silicon nitride fine fibers and the coated silicon nitride coarse fibers with aluminum alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder is 40 microns, so as to form a prefabricated object for preparing the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three: and preparing the cylinder sleeve by adopting a cold spraying technology after mixing. During cold spraying, the tubular aluminum alloy bushing with the same size as the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve is used as a support body, and the fiber reinforced aluminum alloy is prepared on the surface of the support body. The heating temperature of cold spraying gas in cold spraying is 580 ℃, the working pressure is 4MPa, and the distance from the spray gun mouth to the support body is controlled to be 250 mm.
Firstly, a prefabricated object of a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is sprayed on a support body to form a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 2 mm, and the content of silicon nitride superfine fibers is 3-5 wt%.
Then, a silicon nitride fine fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy layer of 4 mm thickness was sprayed thereon, the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber being 5 to 10 wt%.
Finally, a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer with the thickness of 5 mm is sprayed, and the content of the silicon nitride coarse fibers is 10-15 wt%. And after the cold spraying preparation is finished, controlling the total thickness of the material to be 11 millimeters to form a gradient layered composite structure.
After the preparation is finished, the cylinder liner is placed into an annealing furnace, stress relief annealing is carried out at 180 ℃, the supporting body is removed through machining, and finally the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner is obtained.
The cylinder liner for the engine of silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention are described in detail, the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the invention and the core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve is characterized by sequentially comprising a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer from inside to outside;
the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer are composite materials formed by mixing silicon nitride fibers with different diameters and aluminum alloy powder after vacuum aluminizing modification;
the diameter of the silicon nitride superfine fiber in the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 1-5 microns;
the diameter of the silicon nitride fine fiber in the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 10-20 micrometers;
the diameter of the silicon nitride coarse fiber in the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 30-40 microns.
2. The silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy film on the surface of the silicon nitride fiber of the silicon nitride ultrafine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 1-2 μm.
3. The silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the aluminum alloy powder mixed is 30-60 μm.
4. The cylinder liner of claim 2, wherein the length of the silicon nitride microfiber in the silicon nitride microfiber-reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 10-20 μm, and the content of the silicon nitride microfiber is 3-5 wt%.
5. The silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner according to claim 4, characterized in that the length of the silicon nitride fine fibers of the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 30-50 μm, and the content of the silicon nitride fine fibers is 5-10 wt%.
6. The silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner as recited in claim 5, wherein the silicon nitride coarse fibers in the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer have a length of 50-80 μm and a content of 10-15 wt%.
7. The silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the silicon nitride microfiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 2-3 mm; the thickness of the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 3-4 mm; the thickness of the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 4-5 mm, and the total thickness of the gradient layered composite structure is 9-12 mm.
8. The preparation method of the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, respectively carrying out vacuum aluminum alloy film plating treatment on silicon nitride superfine fibers with the diameter of 1-5 microns, silicon nitride fine fibers with the diameter of 10-20 microns and silicon nitride coarse fibers with the diameter of 30-40 microns;
step two, respectively mixing the silicon nitride superfine fibers, the silicon nitride fine fibers and the silicon nitride coarse fibers which are coated in the step one with aluminum alloy powder to form prefabricated objects for preparing a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
step three, adopting a tubular aluminum alloy bushing as a support body, and spraying prefabricated objects of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer in the step two on the surface of the support body in sequence by adopting a cold spraying technology;
forming a gradient layered composite structure consisting of a silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer and a silicon nitride coarse fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer on the surface of the support body;
and step four, after the preparation is finished, placing the prefabricated body of the engine cylinder sleeve obtained in the step three into an annealing furnace for stress relief annealing, and removing the support body through machining to finally obtain the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder sleeve.
9. The method for preparing the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the deposition pressure in the first step is 0.4-0.6Pa, the deposition bias is 0-50V, and the deposition temperature is 100-150 ℃;
when in cold spraying in the third step, the heating temperature of cold spraying gas is 600-650 ℃, the working pressure is 2.5-5MPa, and the distance from the spray gun mouth to the support body is controlled to be 50-300 mm;
and step four, performing stress relief annealing at the temperature of 150-300 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the silicon nitride fiber reinforced aluminum alloy engine cylinder liner according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the first step, the thickness of the aluminum alloy film is 1-2 microns;
the granularity of the aluminum alloy powder in the second step is 30-60 microns;
in the third step, the thickness of the silicon nitride superfine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 2-3 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride superfine fiber is 3-5 wt%;
the thickness of the silicon nitride fine fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 3-4 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride fine fiber is 5-10 wt%;
the thickness of the silicon nitride crude fiber reinforced aluminum alloy layer is 4-5 mm, and the content of the silicon nitride crude fiber is 10-15 wt%;
the total thickness of the gradient layered composite structure is 9-12 mm.
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| CN116141774A (en) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-05-23 | 江苏礼德铝业有限公司 | Aluminum plate with ceramic fibers and manufacturing method thereof |
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