CN111471989B - Hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111471989B CN111471989B CN202010344791.5A CN202010344791A CN111471989B CN 111471989 B CN111471989 B CN 111471989B CN 202010344791 A CN202010344791 A CN 202010344791A CN 111471989 B CN111471989 B CN 111471989B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
- C23C24/045—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles by trembling using impacting inert media
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe which comprises a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A, a cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer, a spray deposition prepared hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer and a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating, wherein the cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer, the spray deposition prepared hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A from inside to outside. The cold spraying of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer can obviously increase the interlayer bonding strength, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer is deposited, and then the cold spraying of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating can generate synchronous plastic deformation in the spinning process, the interlayer bonding strength is high, the spinning process is not easy to crack, the strength is high, the corrosion resistance is good, and the full coating is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of processing of non-ferrous metal materials, and particularly relates to a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy has the advantages of low thermal expansion coefficient, good heat conducting property, good surface wear resistance, high specific strength, high specific modulus and the like, and has wide application prospect in the aviation, aerospace, rail transit and microelectronic industries. However, due to the density difference between the hard particles and the aluminum alloy, particularly, the aluminum alloy melt is easy to oxidize during stirring, so that the qualified particle-reinforced aluminum alloy pipe fitting is difficult to prepare by adopting a stirring casting process; the method of powder metallurgy can better solve the problem of mixing uniformity between aluminum alloy powder and hard particles, but the powder metallurgy is not suitable for manufacturing thin-wall and long-length hard particles and aluminum alloy pipe fittings.
The spray deposition technique is an advanced forming technique for directly preparing a metal ingot blank or a semi-finished product by adopting a rapid solidification method, can generate supersaturated solid solution, and less intermetallic compounds are precipitated, so the spray deposition technique can be used for adding ceramic or more alloy elements to prepare high-strength aluminum alloy, and an aluminum alloy melt is easily sprayed and deposited on a pipe with a certain diameter or a core rod to prepare a pipe with set thickness and length. However, the material prepared by spray deposition inevitably has pores and needs to be subjected to densification treatment. The 201810967017.2 patent uses reverse extrusion and spinning to densify spray deposited heat resistant aluminum alloys, but this method is not suitable for less plastic particle reinforced aluminum alloys. Both the 201910139777.9 and 201710947644.5 patents teach placing the spray deposited aluminum alloy billet into a pure aluminum/anti-rust aluminum alloy container, and densifying the spray deposited aluminum alloy billet after the pure aluminum/anti-rust aluminum alloy sleeve and the spray deposited aluminum alloy billet are filled with hard particles. However, in the densification pressing, the hard particles are deformed unevenly, and only the solid material, not the hollow tube material, can be densified. In addition, due to the obstruction of hard particles, pure aluminum in the pure aluminum sheath densification method only plays a temporary container role and cannot realize composite welding with spray deposition aluminum alloy, so that the coating of the particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe obtained by spray deposition cannot be realized. In addition, although the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy has high strength, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy has poor corrosion resistance, is difficult to use in occasions with severe working conditions, and is difficult to meet the requirement of corrosion resistance even by adopting technologies such as surface treatment and the like. The pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, but has poor mechanical properties, so in order to fully exert the advantages of the two materials, the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy is often adopted to coat the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy, the high strength of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy material is utilized to bear the load, and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy is utilized to protect the surface of the part from corrosion. In production practice, a pure aluminum plate or tube is often covered on the surface of a duralumin and superhard aluminum alloy plate or a magnesium alloy tube, and the duralumin and superhard aluminum alloy plate or the magnesium alloy tube is subjected to pure aluminum plastic processing by adopting a rolling, extruding or spinning method. However, since there is no interface bonding force between the mechanically covered pure aluminum plate and the aluminum tube and the base material, the deformation between the covering layer and the base layer is inconsistent and a dislocation occurs during rolling, extrusion or spinning (there is no bonding force between the two materials, synchronous deformation cannot be realized), and it is difficult to well bond the covering layer and the base layer together and to realize full covering. Cold spraying is a technique that uses a preheated high pressure gas to drive the high velocity deposition of metal particles onto a substrate. Because the speed of the air flow driving particles is very high, the particles can impact on a substrate at high speed to generate strong plastic deformation to generate particle deposition, the structure of the obtained metal layer is compact, the internal residual stress is compressive stress, a very thick metal layer can be deposited, and the method is particularly suitable for the deposition of deformed aluminum alloy, so that the surface of a metal part can be coated with pure aluminum and an antirust aluminum layer by the technology.
In summary, densification is difficult to achieve for current hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipes produced by spray deposition, and it is more difficult to perform full cladding with high bond strength with pure aluminum or rust-resistant aluminum alloys.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe, wherein the inner wall and the outer wall are coated with pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy, the hard particles are uniformly distributed, the thickness is adjustable, the structure is compact, the strength is high, and the corrosion resistance is good.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe with the inner wall and the outer wall coated with pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy is manufactured by adopting the processes of jet co-deposition and cold spraying, and the bonding strength between the aluminum alloy composite pipe layers and the compactness of the pipe are improved through subsequent heat treatment and spinning processing.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy pipe, includes the stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy layer of pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy pipe A, cold spray deposit, the stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit and the pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy coating of spray deposit preparation, pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy pipe A surface from interior to exterior does in proper order the stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy layer of cold spray deposit the stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit of spray deposit preparation with pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy coating.
The pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying have high bonding strength, the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition have high bonding strength, synchronous plastic deformation can be generated in the spinning process, the spinning process is not easy to crack, and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating has good corrosion resistance.
Preferably, in order to realize the full cladding to the stereoplasm granule, this stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy pipe still includes the flange, the flange set up in pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy pipe A tip, just the flange is located the deposited stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy layer of cold spray and the tip of the stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit of spraying deposit preparation, perhaps are located the deposited stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy layer of cold spray, the tip of the stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit of spraying deposit preparation and pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy coating.
Preferably, the volume content range of the hard particles in the cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer (2) and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer (3) prepared by spray deposition is 5-80%;
the flange is a pure aluminum/rust resistant aluminum alloy.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out decontamination, oil removal and sand blasting coarsening on the outer surface of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A;
(2) spraying mixed powder consisting of aluminum alloy and hard particles on the outer surface of the pipe A treated in the step (1) by adopting a cold spraying process to form a cold spraying deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer to obtain a pipe B;
(3) spraying and depositing mixed powder consisting of aluminum alloy and hard particles on the tube B to form a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spraying and depositing to obtain a tube C;
(4) processing the pipe C to a set size and surface roughness to obtain a pipe D;
(5) carrying out decontamination, oil removal and sand blasting coarsening on the outer surface of the pipe D;
(6) spraying pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy powder onto the outer surface of the pipe D treated in the step (5) by adopting a cold spraying process to form a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating to obtain a pipe E;
(7) processing the tube E to a set size and surface roughness to obtain a tube F;
(8) and (4) carrying out densification treatment on the tube F to obtain the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy tube G.
The pretreatment process of decontamination, oil removal and sand blasting coarsening and the cold spraying process jointly improve the bonding strength between the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying and the pipe A, and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating with high bonding strength and high density is prepared on the surface of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposited layer prepared by spray deposition by adopting the cold spraying process, and the density and the bonding strength are improved by combining a hot spinning method.
Preferably, the densification treatment step of step (8) comprises the following steps:
annealing the tube F, wherein the heating temperature is 200-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-5 h;
and (3) carrying out spinning processing on the pipe F subjected to annealing treatment and at the highest annealing temperature, wherein the pass of the spinning processing is 1-20.
Preferably, the end part of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A is provided with a flange, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition are both positioned on the inner side of the flange, or the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating are both positioned on the inner side of the flange, so that the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe G with the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy layer coated on the surfaces of the inner, outer and end surfaces is obtained.
Preferably, the width of the flange is 2-10 mm, and the height of the flange is 1-2 mm smaller than the thickness sum of three layers of a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying, a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition and a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating, so that the diameter of the flange can be equal to the diameter of the outer edge of the surface of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition after machining after turning.
Further, in the spray deposition process in the step (3), the tube B rotates in the horizontal direction, the graphite nozzle reciprocates horizontally in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the tube, each layer of hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition is deposited, the tube B descends by the distance equal to the thickness of the single-layer deposition layer so as to keep the distance between the spray nozzle and the upper surface of the tube blank unchanged, and the high-speed aluminum alloy melt and the hard particle beam impact the outer surface of the tube to generate codeposition until the thickness of the deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying reaches the set thickness.
Preferably, in the cold spraying process in the step (2) and the step (6), the tube A/tube D rotates in the horizontal direction, the spray gun horizontally reciprocates in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the tube A/tube D, and the mixed powder flow consisting of the aluminum alloy and the hard particles or the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy powder impacts the outer surface of the tube A/tube D to deposit until the thickness of the deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer or the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying reaches a set thickness to form the bottom layer and the surface layer of the composite tube respectively;
and (4) driving the cold spraying process in the step (6) by adopting helium in the first pass, and driving pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy powder by adopting nitrogen or air in the subsequent passes.
Preferably, in the cold spraying process in the step (2) and the step (6), the tube A/tube D rotates in the horizontal direction, the spray gun horizontally reciprocates in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the tube A/tube D, the mixed powder flow consisting of the aluminum alloy and the hard particles impacts the outer surface of the tube A/tube D to deposit until the thickness of the deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer or pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy layer of the cold spraying deposition reaches a set thickness, and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy layer of the cold spraying deposition are respectively formed.
Preferably, the hard particles are one or a combination of several of carbide, oxide, boride and nitride hard compounds;
the volume content range of the hard particles in the mixed powder consisting of the aluminum alloy and the hard particles is 5-80%;
the average particle size of the hard particles is 1 nm-1 mm.
Preferably, the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating are made of the same material, and before spinning, turning processing needs to be carried out on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe, so that the thicknesses of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating are the same as the wall thickness of the flange, and the thickness range is 2mm-10 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition is 1mm-50mm, and further, the thickness of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition is 5mm-50 mm.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy and the hard particles are sprayed and deposited on the tube B, and the method specifically comprises the steps of preheating the tube B to 100-300 ℃, atomizing an aluminum alloy melt by adopting high-pressure nitrogen, spraying the aluminum alloy melt and the hard particles together to codeposit on a cold spraying layer on the surface of the heated tube B, and depositing a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition.
Preferably, in the step (8), the tube F is placed into a resistance furnace, heated to 200-500 ℃ at a set temperature rise rate of 5-20 ℃/min, and annealed.
Further, cleaning agents such as acetone or carbon tetrachloride are adopted for oil removal and decontamination to scrub or spray the surface of the pipe.
Furthermore, corundum or ceramic microspheres with the average sand granularity of 24-80 meshes are adopted for sand blasting coarsening, the air pressure range of sand blasting is 0.3-0.6 MPa, and the surface roughness after sand blasting is Ra3.2-Ra12.5.
Furthermore, the gas used for cold spraying can be one or a mixture of a plurality of gases of air, nitrogen and helium, the pressure of the used spraying gas is 0.6MPa to 7MPa, the temperature is 100 ℃ to 500 ℃, the spraying distance is 5mm to 60mm, and the powder feeding rate is 10g/min to 300 g/min.
Further, the jet deposition gas can be nitrogen, the gas pressure is 0.6-0.9 MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is 50-150 ℃ higher than the melting point of the alloy, the jet distance is 150-400 mm, and hard particles are introduced from the side surface of a jet deposition nozzle to jet metal droplet flow and are co-deposited on the tube blank.
Furthermore, the beam current of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying deposition is composed of aluminum alloy atomized molten drops and hardness.
Further, the thickness of the bottom layer of the hard phase reinforced aluminum alloy obtained by cold spraying is 20-150 μm.
Further, the average roughness of the surface of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy or the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy obtained after turning is Ra0.8-6.3.
Further, in the annealing treatment, the atmosphere for annealing may be air or a protective atmosphere.
Further, the tube G obtained by spinning can be subjected to solid solution and aging treatment according to the requirement and machined to obtain the final required mechanical property and size of the part and the surface roughness.
Furthermore, the pipe fitting can be a cylindrical pipe fitting with the same diameter at two ends, and also can be a truncated cone-shaped or conical piece with different diameters at two ends.
The invention adopts a spray deposition process to deposit a layer of hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy with small thickness on a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe by cold spraying, and then a layer of hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer with larger thickness is deposited on the cold spraying layer by a spray co-deposition process. And then, coating the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition by using the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy base pipe and the cold-sprayed pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating on the top layer. The bonding strength and the density between the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating layer and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy middle layer and the mechanical property of the pipe can be obviously improved through later-stage heat treatment and spinning processing.
The invention has the following characteristics:
(1) before spray deposition, a high-strength cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer is cold sprayed, and the cold spray coating serving as a priming coat can remarkably increase the bonding strength between a spray deposition layer and a base pipe blank, so that the spray deposition layer and the spray deposition layer can synchronously plastically deform in a spinning process after heat treatment;
(2) when the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating is deposited by cold spraying, the spraying airflow temperature is low, and the sprayed pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy particles are hardly oxidized, so that the prepared pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating has good plasticity after heat treatment. In addition, the first cold spraying pass is driven by helium, so that the bonding strength between the cold spraying surface layer and the spray deposition layer is high, the cold spraying surface layer and the spray deposition layer can be subjected to synchronous plastic deformation in the spinning process, and in addition, the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy powder is driven by nitrogen or air in the subsequent passes, so that the use amount of helium with high price can be saved;
(3) the end part of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe is provided with a flange, the surface and the end surface of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy spray deposition layer are all coated by a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy bottom layer and a surface layer with good plasticity, and the interlayer bonding strength is high, so that the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer is not easy to crack in the spinning thinning process in the spinning process;
(4) the hard particles in the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe prepared by adopting the spray deposition process are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy substrate, and the wall thickness can be randomly adjusted;
(5) the outer edge and the end part of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy high-strength aluminum alloy pipe are completely coated by the flanges arranged at the two ends of the matrix pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating deposited on the top layer. The full-coating structure still exists after spinning, and the spinning processing also obviously improves the density of the spray deposition layer and the cold spray pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating, so the full-coating not only can well improve the corrosion resistance of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe, but also can obviously improve the strength of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite pipe and the bonding strength between the coating and the spray deposition layer.
In a word, this patent has solved easily fracture, corrosion resistance not enough and the not good scheduling problem of combination between spray deposition layer and the cladding layer among the spray deposition granule reinforcing aluminum alloy pipe densification process well. The fully-coated particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite pipe with controllable wall thickness, high strength and good corrosion resistance can be prepared, and the composite pipe has wide application prospects in the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy tube before spinning;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for producing a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of cold spraying a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cold spray pure aluminum/rustproof aluminum alloy coating;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a three-wheel spinning hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe;
FIG. 8 a microstructure of the bond interface of a pure aluminum layer with a cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer;
wherein, 1 is pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy pipe A, 2 is the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer of cold spray deposit, 3 is the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposit layer of jet deposit preparation, 4 is pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy coating, 5 is the flange, 6 is the gas heating unit, 7 is the powder feeding unit, 8 is the cold spray gun, 9 is the mixed powder of aluminum alloy and hard particle, 10 is pure aluminium/rust-resistant aluminum alloy, 11 is hard particle sampling pipe, 12 is the intake pipe, 13 is the mixed powder of aluminum alloy and hard particle, 14 is the graphite nozzle, 15 is the dabber, 16 is the spinning wheel, 17 is the ceramic hard particle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 3, a method for manufacturing a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe includes the steps of:
(1) carrying out decontamination and oil removal on the surface of a 5083 antirust aluminum alloy pipe A1 with the wall thickness of 5mm and the inner hole diameter of 44mm and the end provided with a flange, wherein the radius of the flange 5 part is 12.1mm larger than that of the non-flange part, and the length of the flange 5 part is 12 mm;
(2) adopting 0.4MPa compressed air to drive 60-mesh white corundum to perform sand blasting coarsening on the outer surface of a 5083 antirust aluminum alloy pipe A with a flange 5 at the end, wherein the sand blasting distance is 100mm, and the roughness of the surface of the pipe after sand blasting is about Ra6.3;
(3) as shown in fig. 4, a mixed powder composed of 7075 aluminum alloy + SiC ceramic powder is sprayed on the outer surface of the tube a by using a cold spray gun 8, wherein the mass ratio of 7075 aluminum alloy to SiC is 6: 4, the average particle size of the SiC powder was 30 μm. The gas used for cold spraying is air, the air pressure for driving the powder is 2.3MPa, the powder feeding rate is 40g/min, and the spraying distance is 30 mm. The cold spraying spray gun 8 makes reciprocating linear motion in the direction vertical to the axis of the pipe A1 with a flange at the end, and the thickness of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 deposited by cold spraying is about 50 mu m, so that a pipe B is obtained;
(4) and sleeving the tube B on a core rod with the outer diameter capable of being finely adjusted, and driving the tube B to rotate together by the core rod. And preheating the tube B by using oxyacetylene flame, and spraying and depositing a beam consisting of 7075 aluminum alloy melt and SiC ceramic powder on the outer surface of the tube B by using high-pressure nitrogen when the temperature is raised to 200 ℃. Wherein the mass ratio of 7075 aluminum alloy to SiC is 6: 4, the average particle size of the SiC powder was 30 μm. The gas used for the jet deposition is nitrogen, the pressure is 0.7MPa, and the jet distance is 200 mm. As shown in fig. 5, the graphite nozzle 14 makes reciprocating linear motion perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipe, and continuously performs spray deposition on the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 deposited by cold spraying on the surface of the 5083 antirust aluminum alloy pipe with a flange at the end part until the total thickness of the deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 deposited by cold spraying and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition reaches 13mm, so as to obtain a pipe C;
(5) turning the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition on the outer surface of the tube C by using a lathe to ensure that the total thickness of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 prepared by cold spray deposition and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition is 12mm (the single edge of the outer edge part of the flange is turned by 0.1mm, so that the pipe diameter of the flange part is the same as that of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer part with the cold spray deposition), and the surface roughness is about Ra1.6 to obtain a tube D;
(6) removing oil and dirt on the outer surface of the turned pipe D, and then performing sand blasting coarsening, wherein the driving gas for sand blasting is compressed air, the air pressure for sand blasting is 0.5MPa, the granularity of sand for sand blasting is 60-mesh white corundum, the sand blasting distance is 100mm, and the roughness of the surface of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer subjected to cold spraying deposition after sand blasting is about Ra6.3;
(7) and (5) sleeving the pipe D processed in the step (5) on a core rod with the outer diameter capable of being finely adjusted. One end of the core rod is clamped on the chuck, the other end of the core rod is propped against the movable center, and the core rod and the tube D are driven to rotate together by the rotation of the chuck. As shown in fig. 6, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition on the outer surface of the tube by using the cold spray gun 8 sprays 5083 rust-proof aluminum alloy powder with an average particle size of 30 μm, helium gas used in the first cold spray pass, air used in all subsequent passes, helium gas and air pressure for driving the powder of 2.5MPa, a powder feeding rate of 50g/min, and a spraying distance of 30 mm. And (3) making reciprocating linear motion of a gun barrel of the spray gun in the direction vertical to the axis of the pipe D with the flange at the end part, and continuously spraying the surface of the pipe until the thickness of the deposited antirust aluminum alloy coating 4 reaches 3mm to obtain the pipe E.
(8) Machining 5083 anti-rust aluminum alloy layers 4 on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube E prepared in the step (7) by using a lathe, so that the thicknesses of the aluminum alloy layers on the inner and outer surfaces are both 2mm, and the surface roughness is about Ra1.6, thereby obtaining a tube F;
(9) putting the tube F processed in the step (8) into a resistance furnace for annealing treatment, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
(10) after the treatment in step (9), as shown in fig. 7, the tube F at 400 ℃ is fitted over the mandrel 15 of the spinning machine, heated by the oxyacetylene flame flow so that the temperature of the tube is maintained at about 400 ℃, and spun by the spinning wheel 16. The arrow on the mandrel 15 represents the rotation direction of the tube F driven by the mandrel 15, the black dot at the center of the spinning wheel 16 represents the movement of the spinning wheel 16 along the axial direction of the mandrel in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the arrow on the spinning wheel 16 represents the passive rotation direction of the spinning wheel. Through 3 passes of spinning, the SiC particle reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy composite tube G with the inner diameter of 50mm, the total tube wall thickness of 8mm and the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube coated with a 5083 antirust aluminum alloy layer is obtained. The concrete structure is as shown in fig. 1-2, and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe comprises a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A1, a cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2, a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition and a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating 4, wherein the outer surface of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A1 is sequentially provided with the cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating 4.
The surface of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe prepared by spinning densification is complete and is not cracked. The performance of the prepared hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe before spinning densification is detected, and the detection results are shown in table 1. The porosity of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe after spinning densification is reduced to 1.1%, the tensile strength and the elongation are obviously increased, and the bonding strength is more than 70 MPa.
TABLE 1 comparison of Performance before and after spray deposition SiC enhanced 7075 aluminum alloy cladding spin densification
Example 2: a preparation method of a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe comprises the following steps:
(1) the surface of a pure aluminum pipe A1 with a wall thickness of 8mm and an inner hole diameter of 290mm and a flange at the end is subjected to decontamination and oil removal (the radius of the flange part is 28.1mm larger than that of the non-flange part, and the length of the flange part is 28 mm);
(2) the outer surface of a pure aluminum pipe A with a flange at the end is subjected to sand blasting coarsening by adopting 0.4MPa compressed air to drive 60-mesh white corundum, wherein the sand blasting distance is 100mm, and the surface roughness of the pipe A at the end after sand blasting is Ra6.3;
(3) spraying 2024 aluminum alloy + Al on the outer surface of the pipe A by using a cold spraying spray gun2O3Mixed powder of ceramic powder, wherein 2024 aluminum alloy and Al2O3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 7: 3, Al2O3The average particle size of the powder was 30 μm. The gas used for cold spraying is air, the air pressure for driving the powder is 2.4MPa, the powder feeding rate is 40g/min, and the spraying distance is 30 mm. As shown in fig. 4, the cold spray gun 8 makes reciprocating linear motion perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipe a with a flange at the end, and the thickness of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 deposited by cold spraying is about 50 μm, so as to obtain a pipe B;
(4) and sleeving the tube B on a core rod with the outer diameter capable of being finely adjusted, and driving the tube A to rotate together by the core rod. Preheating the tube B by oxyacetylene flame, and heating the 2024 aluminum alloy melt and Al by high-pressure nitrogen when the temperature is raised to 200 DEG C2O3A stream of ceramic powder is spray deposited onto the outer surface of tube B. Of these, 2024 aluminum alloy and Al2O3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 7: 3, Al2O3The average particle size of the powder was 50 μm. The gas used for the jet deposition is nitrogen, the pressure is 0.8MPa, and the jet distance is 210 mm. As shown in FIG. 5, the graphite nozzle 14 is reciprocated perpendicularly to the axial direction of the pure aluminum pipe with a flange at the endPerforming linear motion, continuously performing spray deposition on the surface of the cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 with a flange at the end part until the thickness of a deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by the spray deposition reaches 30mm, and obtaining a pipe C;
(5) turning the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition on the outer surface of the tube C by using a lathe, so that the total thickness of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer 2 prepared by cold spray deposition and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition is 28mm (the single edge of the outer edge part of the flange is turned by 0.1mm, the diameter of the flange part is the same as that of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer part with cold spray deposition), and the surface roughness is about Ra1.6, thus obtaining a tube D;
(6) and after the external surface of the turned pipe D is subjected to oil removal and decontamination, sand blasting and coarsening are carried out. The air pressure used for sand blasting is 0.4MPa, the sand granularity used for sand blasting is 60-mesh white corundum, the sand blasting distance is 100mm, and the roughness of the surface of the pipe after sand blasting is about Ra6.3;
(7) sleeving the pipe D with the surface provided with the cold spraying deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer processed in the step (5) on a mandrel with the external diameter capable of being finely adjusted, and rotating the mandrel to drive the pipe D to rotate together. As shown in fig. 6, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition on the outer surface of the tube D by using the cold spray gun 8 is sprayed with pure aluminum powder, the average particle size of the pure aluminum powder is 30 μm, the gas used in the first pass of spray deposition is helium, all the subsequent passes are nitrogen, the helium and nitrogen pressures for driving the powder are both 2.5MPa, the powder feeding rate is 50g/min, and the spraying distance is 30 mm. And continuously spraying the surface of the tube D by the spray gun in a reciprocating linear motion until the thickness of the deposited pure aluminum layer 4 reaches 4mm to obtain a tube E. As shown in FIG. 8, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer 3 prepared by spray deposition has high interlayer bonding strength with the pure aluminum layer 4.
(8) Turning the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layers deposited by cold spraying on the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube E by using a lathe to ensure that the thicknesses of pure aluminum layers on the inner surface and the outer surface are both 3mm and the surface roughness is about Ra1.6 to obtain a tube F;
(9) putting the tube F processed in the step (7) into a resistance furnace for annealing treatment, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 430 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
(10) sleeving the tube F subjected to the treatment in the step (8) and having the temperature of 430 ℃ on a mandrel 15 of a spinning machine, heating the tube F by using oxyacetylene flame flow to maintain the temperature of the tube at about 430 ℃, spinning the tube by using a spinning wheel 16, and spinning for 4 passes to obtain the Al tube with the inner diameter of 300mm, the tube wall thickness of 15mm and the inner surface, the outer surface and the end surface of the tube coated with pure aluminum layers, wherein the tube F is treated in the step (8) as shown in fig. 72O3Particle reinforced 2024 aluminum alloy composite pipe G.
The surface of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe prepared by spinning densification is complete and is not cracked. The performance of the prepared hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe before spinning densification is detected, and the detection results are shown in table 2. The porosity of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe after spinning densification is reduced to 1.2%, the tensile strength and the elongation are obviously increased, and the bonding strength is more than 70 MPa.
TABLE 2 spray deposition of Al2O3Performance comparison before and after enhancement of 2024 aluminum alloy cladding spinning densification
Claims (10)
1. A hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe characterized by: including pure aluminium rust-resistant aluminum alloy pipe A (1), the deposited stereoplasm granule of cold spray reinforcing aluminum alloy layer (2), spray deposition preparation stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit (3) and pure aluminium rust-resistant aluminum alloy coating (4), pure aluminium rust-resistant aluminum alloy pipe A (1) surface from interior to exterior does in proper order the deposited stereoplasm granule of cold spray reinforcing aluminum alloy layer (2), spray deposition preparation stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit (3) with pure aluminium rust-resistant aluminum alloy coating (4).
2. The hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe of claim 1, wherein: still include flange (5), flange (5) set up in pure aluminium rust-resistant aluminum alloy pipe A (1) tip, just flange (5) are located cold spray sedimentary stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy layer (2) with the tip of the stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit (3) of preparation of spray deposition, perhaps are located cold spray sedimentary stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy layer (2) of spray deposition stereoplasm granule reinforcing aluminum alloy sedimentary deposit (3) of preparation and the tip of pure aluminium rust-resistant aluminum alloy coating (4).
3. The hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe of claim 2, wherein: the volume content range of the hard particles in the cold spray deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer (2) and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer (3) prepared by spray deposition is 5-80%;
the flange (5) is made of pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy.
4. A method of manufacturing a hard particle reinforced aluminium alloy pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out decontamination, oil removal and sand blasting coarsening on the outer surface of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A;
(2) spraying mixed powder consisting of aluminum alloy and hard particles on the outer surface of the pipe A treated in the step (1) by adopting a cold spraying process to form a cold spraying deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer to obtain a pipe B;
(3) spraying and depositing mixed powder consisting of aluminum alloy and hard particles on the tube B to form a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spraying and depositing to obtain a tube C;
(4) processing the pipe C to a set size and surface roughness to obtain a pipe D;
(5) carrying out decontamination, oil removal and sand blasting coarsening on the outer surface of the pipe D;
(6) spraying pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy powder onto the outer surface of the pipe D treated in the step (5) by adopting a cold spraying process to form a pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating to obtain a pipe E;
(7) processing the tube E to a set size and surface roughness to obtain a tube F;
(8) and (4) carrying out densification treatment on the tube F to obtain the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy tube G.
5. The production method of hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy tube as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step (8) of densification treatment step comprises the steps of:
annealing the tube F, wherein the heating temperature is 200-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-5 h;
and (3) carrying out spinning processing on the pipe F subjected to annealing treatment and at the highest annealing temperature, wherein the spinning processing pass is 1-20.
6. The method of making a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe as recited in claim 4 wherein: the end part of the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy pipe A is provided with a flange, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying and the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition are both positioned on the inner side of the flange, or the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating are all positioned on the inner side of the flange.
7. The method of making a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe as recited in claim 6 wherein: the width of the flange is 2-10 mm, and the height of the flange is 1-2 mm smaller than the sum of the thicknesses of the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying, the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy coating.
8. The method of manufacturing a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe as set forth in any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that:
and (3) in the spray deposition process, rotating the tube B in the horizontal direction, horizontally reciprocating the graphite nozzle in the direction vertical to the axis of the tube, depositing a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy deposition layer prepared by spray deposition on each layer, descending the tube B by the thickness equal to the thickness of the single-layer deposition layer so as to keep the distance between the spray nozzle and the upper surface of the tube blank constant, and impacting the high-speed aluminum alloy melt and the hard particle beam on the outer surface of the tube to generate codeposition until the thickness of the deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer deposited by cold spraying reaches the set thickness.
9. The method of manufacturing a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe as set forth in any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that:
in the cold spraying process in the step (2) and the step (6), the tube A/tube D rotates in the horizontal direction, the spray gun reciprocates horizontally in the direction vertical to the axis of the tube A/tube D, and mixed powder flow consisting of aluminum alloy and hard particles or pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy powder impacts the outer surface of the tube A/tube D to deposit until the thickness of the deposited hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer or pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy layer of the cold spraying deposition reaches a set thickness, so that the hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy layer and the pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy layer of the cold spraying deposition are respectively formed;
and (4) driving the cold spraying process in the step (6) by adopting helium in the first pass, and driving pure aluminum/antirust aluminum alloy powder by adopting nitrogen or air in the subsequent passes.
10. The method of manufacturing a hard particle reinforced aluminum alloy pipe as set forth in any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that:
the hard particles are one or a combination of several of carbide, oxide, boride and nitride hard compounds;
the volume content range of the hard particles in the mixed powder consisting of the aluminum alloy and the hard particles is 5-80%;
the average particle size of the hard particles is 1 nm-1 mm.
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