CN114645158A - 一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料，包括镍基粉末60～85wt％；金属陶瓷粉末15～40wt％；镍基粉末与碳化钛粉末均匀混合；镍基粉末元素质量百分比组成为：17.0‑25.0％Cr，6.0‑12.0％Mo，2.15‑5.50％Nb，0.01‑5.0％Fe，0.01‑0.1％C，0.01‑0.8％Al，0.01‑0.3％Si，0.01‑1.15％Ti，余量Ni；金属陶瓷粉末元素质量百分比组成为：19.1‑20.0％C，余量Ti；采用该复合粉末材料进行球阀表面强化后，在兼顾镍基合金耐蚀的基础上，通过弥散分布的金属陶瓷相提高其耐磨性能；同时采用激光熔覆工艺，使涂层与基材实现冶金结合，结合强度更高，避免了涂层在高温、高压、高载荷下易与基材脱落的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及表面处理领域，特别是一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料。
背景技术
球阀是一种以球体为启闭件的阀门，被广泛的应用在石油、造纸、化工、水利、制药、电力、钢铁等行业，在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。球阀由于安装和使用的环境特点常接触腐蚀环境，特别是用于燃气、石油和煤化工行业常含有腐蚀性的液相和气相介质，导致球阀在恶劣的环境下熔覆发生快速的腐蚀与磨损。因此为了降低球阀腐蚀造成的损失、延长球阀在恶劣工况下使用寿命，使其能安全可靠地工作，采取合理有效的表面处理非常有意义。
目前常用的表面强化方式有超音速火焰喷涂、激光熔覆等。超音速火焰喷涂是利用氢、煤油、乙炔、丙烯等作为燃料，用氧气作为助燃剂，在燃烧室或喷嘴中燃烧，产生速度高达2100m/s以上的超音速燃焰，同时将粉末送入火焰中加热至熔化或半熔化的粒子，高速撞击到基体表面，形成高质量涂层的技术。超音速火焰喷涂具有粉末粒子飞行速度快，冲击能量大，且粉末在火焰中停留和加热时间短，温度不高，适合喷涂高温下易分解的金属陶瓷类粉末等优点。但超音速火焰喷涂涂层与基材结合方式为机械结合，在高温、高压、高载荷下使涂层与基材脱落，从而导致阀门在恶劣条件下过早失效。
激光熔覆是一种重要的材料表面改性技术，它是以高能量密度的激光束为热源在基材表面熔覆一层合金材料，使熔覆层与基材实现冶金结合，并且具有加热速度快，热影响区及基材稀释率小等优点，可以在基材表面形成与其原有完全不同成分、性能的合金层的表面改性方法。
发明内容
为了解决现有球阀表面强化耐磨、耐蚀性不高，且在恶劣条件下涂层与基材易脱落的问题，本发明提供了一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料，采用该复合粉末材料进行球阀表面强化后，在兼顾镍基合金耐蚀的基础上，通过弥散分布的金属陶瓷相提高其耐磨性能；同时采用激光熔覆工艺，使涂层与基材实现冶金结合，结合强度更高，避免了涂层在高温、高压、高载荷下易与基材脱落的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料，包括镍基粉末60～85wt％；金属陶瓷粉末15～40wt％；镍基粉末与碳化钛粉末均匀混合。
进一步的，所述镍基粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：17.0-25.0％Cr，6.0-12.0％Mo，2.15-5.50％Nb，0.01-5.0％Fe，0.01-0.1％C，0.01-0.8％Al，0.01-0.3％Si，0.01-1.15％Ti，余量Ni。
进一步的，所述金属陶瓷粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：19.1-20.0％C，余量Ti。
进一步的，将镍基粉末与金属陶瓷粉末经三维混粉机机械混合或经行星球磨机研磨。镍基粉末粒度为45-150μm，三维混粉机机械混合后碳化钛粒度为45-100μm，行星球磨机研磨混合后碳化钛粒度为1-5μm。
所述复合粉末材料用于球阀表面熔覆强化。
本发明所达到的有益效果是：通过激光熔覆该复合粉末材料，在兼顾镍基合金耐蚀的基础上，通过弥散分布的金属陶瓷相提高其耐磨性能；采用激光熔覆工艺，使涂层与基材实现冶金结合，结合强度更高，避免了涂层在高温、高压、高载荷下易与基材脱落的问题。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料，所述镍基粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：21.5％Cr，8.5％Mo，3.80％Nb，4.0％Fe，0.03％C，0.20％Al，0.02％Si，0.10％Ti，余量Ni。金属陶瓷粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：19.8％C，余量Ti。镍基粉末质量占比为85％，金属陶瓷粉末占比为15％。
将镍基粉末与金属陶瓷粉末倒入三维混粉机中机械混合，混合4h。
球阀材质为304不锈钢，对其进行机械加工及表面处理。
将混好的复合粉末材料通过激光熔覆在球阀表面，激光熔覆工艺参数为：P＝2000W，光斑直径＝4mm，送粉速率＝4.0r/min，扫描速率＝500mm/min，送粉气：He＝5L/min，保护气：He＝10L/min，焦距＝16mm，搭接率＝50％。熔覆层厚度约1.3mm。
将经过熔覆复合粉末材料的球阀通过磨削加工至成品尺寸。
对球阀成品进行手持硬度测量，测得熔覆层平均硬度为550.2HV。
实施例2
一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料，所述镍基粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：21.5％Cr，8.5％Mo，3.80％Nb，4.0％Fe，0.03％C，0.20％Al，0.02％Si，0.10％Ti，余量Ni。金属陶瓷粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：19.8％C，余量Ti。镍基粉末质量占比为80％，金属陶瓷粉末占比为20％。
将镍基粉末与金属陶瓷粉末倒入行星球磨机中研磨，研磨4h。
球阀材质为304不锈钢，对其进行机械加工及表面处理。
将研磨的复合粉末通过激光熔覆在球阀表面，激光熔覆工艺参数为：P＝2300W，光斑直径＝4mm，送粉速率＝4.0r/min，扫描速率＝450mm/min，送粉气：He＝5L/min，保护气：He＝10L/min，焦距＝16mm，搭接率＝50％。熔覆层厚度约1.4mm。
将经过熔覆复合粉末材料的球阀通过磨削加工至成品尺寸。
对球阀成品进行手持硬度测量，测得熔覆层平均硬度为582.1HV。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于球阀激光表面强化的复合粉末材料，其特征在于，包括镍基粉末60～85wt％；金属陶瓷粉末15～40wt％；镍基粉末与碳化钛粉末均匀混合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合粉末材料，其特征在于，所述镍基粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：17.0-25.0％Cr，6.0-12.0％Mo，2.15-5.50％Nb，0.01-5.0％Fe，0.01-0.1％C，0.01-0.8％Al，0.01-0.3％Si，0.01-1.15％Ti，余量Ni。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合粉末材料，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷粉末主要组成元素的质量百分比为：19.1-20.0％C，余量Ti。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合粉末材料，其特征在于，将镍基粉末与金属陶瓷粉末经三维混粉机机械混合或经行星球磨机研磨。
5.如权利要求2所述的复合粉末材料，其特征在于，镍基粉末粒度为45-150μm，三维混粉机机械混合后碳化钛粒度为45-100μm，行星球磨机研磨混合后碳化钛粒度为1-5μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合粉末材料在球阀表面熔覆强化中的应用。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102094198A (zh) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-06-15 | 天津市汇利通金属表面技术有限公司 | 一种用于螺杆泵中螺旋套的表面激光熔覆合金方法 |
| CN102962447A (zh) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-03-13 | 汕头大学 | 一种碳化钛金属陶瓷粉末及激光熔覆该粉末的方法 |
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