CN114644646A - 一种以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,解决现有过氧化亚硝酰阴离子检测探针大多存在灵敏度低、检出极限高、水溶性较差、荧光发射波长较短的不足之处。本发明设计的近红外荧光探针光散射水平较低,可以降低生物细胞的自发荧光,实现更大的组织穿透,可以通过荧光发射光谱实现对过氧化亚硝酰阴离子的快速、灵敏、高效、专一性检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于阴离子检测技术领域,具体涉及一种以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
过氧化亚硝酰阴离子(ONOO-)是Beckman等科学家在三十余年前发现并确认的由O2 ·-和NO快速结合而产生的具有很强的氧化性、亲核性和硝化性等特征的阴离子,其在信号传导和抗菌等过程中起着十分重要的作用;但另一方面过量的ONOO-也会与许多重要的生物分子,如脂质、DNA和蛋白质等作用而对生物体产生损害,并与许多疾病如:神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、炎症以及癌症等相关。因此,开发高灵敏度、高选择性、能够实现原位在线检测ONOO-的方法就显得日益重要;开发对ONOO-高灵敏度、高选择、实时在线检测不仅具有理论研究意义,在实际样品检测上也具有十分重要的意义。
相比于紫外光谱、电化学、免疫组织化学等分析和检测方法,荧光光谱检测法因操作简便、灵敏度高、高时空分辨率等优点引起了众多科研工作者的关注。虽然也有一些用于检测ONOO-的荧光探针被报道,但这些探针大多存响应时间长(在十分钟以上)、灵敏度低、水溶性较差,尤其是荧光发射波长较短(大多低于650nm)等缺陷。
鉴于此,有必要设计一种用于检测ONOO-的新探针。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有ONOO-检测探针大多存在灵敏度低、检出极限高、水溶性较差、荧光发射波长较短的不足之处,而提供一种以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的技术解决方案是:
一种以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB,其特殊之处在于:
分子式为:C43H38BN4O2;
分子结构如下:
上述以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB的制备方法,其特殊之处在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将2-(2-甲基-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈醛加入2-吡喏甲醛的醇溶液中,在惰性气体保护的加热回流条件下进行反应,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,再经二氯甲烷/乙醇为洗脱剂层析分离,得到中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈;
2)向步骤1)得到的中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和三氯氧磷,在惰性气体保护的加热回流条件下进行反应,反应完成后倒入水,并用二氯甲烷萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤后,再经二氯甲烷/乙醇为洗脱剂层析分离,得到中间体2-(5- 吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈;
3)取步骤2)得到的中间体2-(5-吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈加入4-甲基喹啉硼酸频哪醇酯的醇溶液中,在惰性气体保护的加热回流条件下进行反应,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,再经二氯甲烷/乙醇为洗脱剂层析分离,得到目标化合物所述近红外荧光探针。
可见,采用合成该三步近红外荧光探针,具体合成路线如下:
进一步地,上述惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
进一步地,步骤1)中,2-(2-甲基-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈醛和2-吡喏甲醛的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶1.5,优选1∶1.2;反应时间为4-12 小时,优选6小时;反应溶剂为:甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,优选乙醇;二氯甲烷/乙醇作为洗脱剂的体积比10/1~30/1,优选20/1。
进一步地,步骤2)中,中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈和 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺之间的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5,优选1∶1.5;中间体2-(2- 吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈和三氯氧磷之间的摩尔比1∶1~1∶5,优选 1∶2.0;反应时间为6-24小时,优选12小时;二氯甲烷/乙醇作为洗脱剂的体积比20/1~50/1,优选30/1;
进一步地,步骤3)中,中间体2-(5-吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈和4-甲基喹啉苄基硼酸频哪醇酯之间的摩尔比1∶1~1∶3,优选摩尔比为 1∶1.20;反应时间为12-36小时,优选24小时;反应溶剂为:甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,优选乙醇;二氯甲烷/乙醇作为洗脱剂的体积比10/1~50/1,优选 15/1;
同时,本发明还提供了上述以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB的两种应用,其一作为ONOO-(过氧化亚硝酰阴离子)检测试剂的应用;其二在检测ONOO-(过氧化亚硝酰阴离子)中的应用。在检测ONOO-时具体方法为:在探针PNQB浓度为10μmol/L、二甲亚砜含量为3%-10%(最优值为10%)、pH值为7.30的Hepes溶液中对ONOO- (过氧化亚硝酰阴离子)实现选择性快速检测;由于通常检测生理样品,因此在此将pH限定为7.3,同时,从医学角度讲,二甲亚砜含量低于5%就可以认为是水溶性的,由此可见,本发明探针水溶性好。
探针PNQB在室温条件下与ONOO-反应,荧光发射变化明显,具体现象为:探针PNQB与1.00当量以上的ONOO-作用时,在778nm处弱的荧光发射峰增强,无其它发射峰存在。
一种ONOO-的定性定量检测方法,其特殊之处在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.在室温条件下,将上述以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB溶解到二甲亚砜中,然后采用Hepes(4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸) 溶液稀释,配制得到检测溶液;该检测溶液中所含探针PNQB的浓度为10 μmol/L、二甲亚砜含量为3%-10%;
前述采用的Hepes溶液的摩尔浓度为10mmol/L,pH值为7.3;
S2.将S1配制的检测溶液加入含有ONOO-的待测溶液中,进行荧光光谱检测,记录荧光响应。
本发明的优点是:
1.本发明提供的ONOO-近红外荧光探针具有能在水溶液中(含二甲亚砜低至3%)快速(30秒以内)、高灵敏(检出极限低至18nM)、近红外荧光 (荧光发射在778nm)检出ONOO-的性能,相较于现有探针大多是在含二甲亚砜50%以上,响应时间10分钟以上,检出极限100nM以上,荧光发射在近红外(650nm)以下的探针,具有选择性检出ONOO-的应用前景。
2.本发明设计的近红外荧光探针光散射水平较低,可以降低生物细胞的自发荧光,实现更大的组织穿透,可以通过荧光发射光谱实现对过氧化亚硝酰阴离子的快速、灵敏、高效、专一性检测。
附图说明
图1为在Hepes的缓冲溶液(10mmol/L,pH=7.3,含二甲亚砜5%) 中,向探针PNQB(10μmol/L)中加入2.0当量的各种检测物(K+,Cu2+,Fe2+, Li+,Zn2+,Ni2+,Mn2+,Ca2+,Ba2+,Co2 +,Mg2+,Na+,Al3+,Fe3+,H2PO4 -,Cl-,CO3 2-, I-,CH3COO-,Br-,NO3 -,F-,SO4 2-,HCO3 -,ClO3 -,NO2 -,HS-,SO3 2-,Cys,GSH, Hcy,Val,Arg,Gly,Ala,Ser,Leu,Asp,Tyr,Glu,Trp,Phe,H2O2,ClO-,O2 -,TBHP, HO·,1O2,ONOO-49种分析物)时荧光光谱变化图;
图2为探针PNQB(10μmol/L)在778nm对ONOO-检出的干扰实验在 pH=7.30的Hepes(含二甲亚砜5%)溶液存在2倍干扰离子(从左到右依次为:1.K+,2.Cu2+,3.Fe2+,4.Li+,5.Zn2+,6.Ni2+,7.Mn2+,8.Ca2+,9.Ba2+,10. Co2+,11.Mg2+,12.Na+,13.Al3+,14.Fe3+,15.H2PO4 -,16.Cl-,17.CO3 2-,18.I-, 19.CH3COO-,20Br-,21.NO3 -,22.F-,23.SO4 2-,24.HCO3 -,25.ClO3 -,26.NO2 -, 27.HS-,28.SO3 2-,29.Cys,30.GSH,31.Hcy,32.Val,33.Arg,34.Gly,35.Ala, 36.Ser,37.Leu,38.Asp,39.Tyr,40.Glu,41.Trp,42.Phe,43.H2O2,44.ClO-,45.O2 -,46.TBHP,47.HO·,48.1O2);彩色柱为向探针PNQB溶液中加入2.0倍量的干扰物的荧光发射光谱;灰色柱为向探针PNQB溶液中加入2.0倍量的干扰物后再加入2.0倍量ONOO-的荧光发射光谱;误差棒表示3次试验的标准差;
图3为探针PNQB(10μmol/L)在778nm处对ONOO-检出限为18nM;
图4为探针PNQB(10μmol/L)在778nm处对ONOO-(2.0当量)随时间的荧光发射光谱变化图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的内容作进一步的详细描述:
本发明设计的ONOO-近红外荧光探针的具体合成过程与表征如下:
表征用仪器为:核磁共振谱(NMR)测定用Bruker400核磁共振波谱仪测定;高分辨质谱(HRMS)用美国Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL质谱仪测定:
1)取原料2-(2-甲基-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈醛(1.0mmol)和2-吡喏甲醛(1.2mmol)加入10mL的乙醇中,在氮气保护下加热回流的条件下反应6 h后,减压蒸除溶剂后经二氯甲烷/乙醇(体积比20∶1)为洗脱剂层析分离,得中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈,收率为72%。1H NMR(用氘代氯仿为溶剂,四甲基硅烷为内标):10.88(s,1H),9.88(s,1H), 7.48-7.39(m,3H),7.32(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=4.0 Hz,1H),6.98-6.89(m,2H),6.74(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.76(s,2H);13C NMR(用氘代氯仿为溶剂,四甲基硅烷为内标):181,143,141,139,137,135,132,130, 128,126,125,122,120,117,114,111,68,42;HRMS为:283.1107[M]+(理论值:283.1109)。
2)取中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈(1.0mmol)加入N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(5.0mmol)和三氯氧磷(5.0mmol),在氮气保护下加热回流的条件下反应12h后,倒入100mL水,用2×50mL二氯甲烷萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤后,二氯甲烷/乙醇(30∶1)为洗脱剂层析分离,得中间体2- (5-吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈,收率为85%。1HNMR(用氘代氯仿为溶剂,四甲基硅烷为内标):10.94(s,1H),10.42(s,1H),9.97(s,1H),7.59-7.48(m,3H),7.41(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=4.0 Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),6.77(d,J=4.0Hz,1H);3.85(s,2H);13C NMR (用氘代氯仿为溶剂,四甲基硅烷为内标):186,147,145,144,142,140,138, 135,131,129,127,124,121,119,117,115,72,46;HRMS为:311.1057[M]+(理论值:311.1059)。
3)取中间体2-(5-吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈(1.0mmol)和4- 甲基喹啉硼酸频哪醇酯(1.1mmol)加入20mL乙醇,在氮气保护下加热回流的条件下反应24h后,减压蒸除溶剂后,经二氯甲烷/乙醇(体积比15∶1) 为洗脱剂层析分离,得目标化合物,收率为76%。1H NMR(用氘代二甲亚砜为溶剂,四甲基硅烷为内标):11.77(s,1H),9.14(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.72(d,J =4.0Hz,1H),8.56(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.42(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.26(t,J=4.0Hz, 1H),8.16(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.82-7.74(m,3H),7.55(t,J= 4.0Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.18(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.14-7.06(m,4H),6.98(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.45(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),6.12(s,2H),3.58(s,2H),1.75(s, 12H);13CNMR(用氘代二甲亚砜为溶剂,四甲基硅烷为内标):188,165, 159,147,142,140,138,137,135,134,132,130,129,127,125,123,122,120, 118,115,114,112,92,71,65,38,24;HRMS为:653.3079[M]+(理论值: 653.3082)。
同时,本发明还对探针PNQB在ONOO-中检测的应用进行了验证,具体如下:
将合成的探针PNQB溶解到0.15mL的二甲亚砜溶液,然后用Hepes(10 mM,pH值为7.3)溶液稀释至3mL,配制得含探针PNQB浓度为10μmol/L 后进行荧光测试研究。
(1)对ONOO-选择性分析
在探针PNQB溶液中,在778nm处有较弱的荧光发射,分别加入2.0倍量的:K+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Li+,Zn2+,Ni2+,Mn2+,Ca2+,Ba2+,Co2+,Mg2+,Na+,Al3+,Fe3+, H2PO4 -,Cl-,CO3 2-,I-,CH3COO-,Br-,NO3 -,F-,SO4 2-,HCO3 -,ClO3 -,NO2 -,HS-, SO3 2-,Cys,GSH,Hcy,Val,Arg,Gly,Ala,Ser,Leu,Asp,Tyr,Glu,Trp,Phe,H2O2, ClO-,O2 -,TBHP,HO·,1O2,ONOO-等49种物质的Hepes缓冲溶液(10mmol/L, pH 7.3),由图1可以看出只有加入ONOO-后,探针PNQB在778nm荧光强度快速增加,加入其它检测物,探针的荧光基本保持不变。同时,在含其它 48种分析物存在时的竞争实验表明(参见图2),在含有其它分析物(2.0 倍)时,探针仍能高选择性地对ONOO-呈现荧光增强;大多干扰物的存在不会影响探针PNQB对ONOO-的荧光检测。
(2)探针PNQB对ONOO-检测的灵敏性分析
向含探针PNQB的溶液中逐渐加入1-1.20倍量的ONOO-的Hepes(含二甲亚砜5%)溶液中,778nm处有荧光逐渐较强随ONOO-浓度增加呈线性变化,如图3所示,通过荧光滴定分析计算结果表明探针对ONOO-的检出极限为18nM,高于很多报道的探针对ONOO-的检出极限100nM,表明探针PNQB具高灵敏性检测ONOO-的性能。
(3)探针PNQB对ONOO-检测的响应时间分析
在探针PNQB的溶液中加入ONOO-时,检测试剂在较短时间(30秒内)在778nm处荧光发射峰迅速增加,时间的延长荧光增加不明显。表明探针PNQB具有对ONOO-快速检测的性能。其它报道的ONOO-检测探针的响应时间一般至少为10分钟以上,大部分的探针需要30分钟以上时间。
与此同时,本发明还在前述原料的配比范围、工艺参数范围内制备了该探针,并对探针的用途进行了验证,均可快速、灵敏有选择地检测出样品中的ONOO-。由此可见,本发明设计的探针在检测ONOO-方面具有较好的应用前景。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明公开的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将2-(2-甲基-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈醛加入2-吡喏甲醛的醇溶液中,在惰性气体保护的加热回流条件下进行反应,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,再经二氯甲烷/乙醇为洗脱剂层析分离,得到中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈;
2)向步骤1)得到的中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和三氯氧磷,在惰性气体保护的加热回流条件下进行反应,反应完成后倒入水,并用二氯甲烷萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤后,再经二氯甲烷/乙醇为洗脱剂层析分离,得到中间体2-(5-吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈;
3)取步骤2)得到的中间体2-(5-吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈加入4-甲基喹啉硼酸频哪醇酯的醇溶液中,在惰性气体保护的加热回流条件下进行反应,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,再经二氯甲烷/乙醇为洗脱剂层析分离,得到目标化合物所述近红外荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤1)中,2-(2-甲基-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈醛和2-吡喏甲醛的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶1.5;反应时间为4-12小时;反应溶剂为:甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇;二氯甲烷/乙醇作为洗脱剂的体积比10/1~30/1。
4.根据权利要求3所述制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤2)中,中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺之间的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5;中间体2-(2-吡喏-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈和三氯氧磷之间的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5;反应时间为6-24小时;二氯甲烷/乙醇作为洗脱剂的体积比20/1~50/1。
5.根据权利要求4所述制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3)中,中间体2-(5-吡喏甲醛-4H-苯并吡喃-4-亚基)丙二腈和4-甲基喹啉苄基硼酸频哪醇酯之间的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶3;反应时间为12-36小时;反应溶剂为:甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇;二氯甲烷/乙醇作为洗脱剂的体积比10/1~50/1。
6.权利要求1所述以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB作为ONOO-检测试剂的应用。
7.权利要求1所述以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB在检测ONOO-中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,具体应用方式为:在探针PNQB浓度为10μmol/L、二甲亚砜含量为3%-10%、pH值为7.30的Hepes溶液中对ONOO-实现选择性快速检测。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:探针PNQB在室温条件下与ONOO-反应,荧光发射变化明显,具体现象为:探针PNQB与1.00当量以上的ONOO-作用时,在778nm处弱的荧光发射峰增强,无其它发射峰存在。
10.一种ONOO-的定性定量检测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.在室温条件下,将权利要求1所述以苄基硼酸频哪醇酯类为检测基团的近红外荧光探针PNQB溶解到二甲亚砜中,然后采用Hepes溶液稀释,配制得到检测溶液;
该检测溶液中所含探针PNQB的浓度为10μmol/L、二甲亚砜含量为3%-10%;
采用的Hepes溶液浓度为10mmol/L,pH值为7.3;
S2.将S1配制的检测溶液加入含有ONOO-的待测溶液中,进行荧光光谱检测,记录荧光响应。
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