CN114642753A - 一种具有稳定pH值的次氯酸组成和制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有稳定pH值的次氯酸组成和制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 inorganic acid calcium salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001576 calcium mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于消毒剂次氯酸的生产技术领域,涉及一种稳定pH值的次氯酸组成和制备方法。该次氯酸溶液含有次氯酸和难溶性的无机酸钙盐,如碳酸钙,磷酸钙,磷酸氢钙等。具有稳定的pH值和储藏稳定性,有效期可达六个月以上。能满足常规消毒产品的要求,有效地增加了次氯酸钠的消毒效率,增加了资源的利用率。具有操作简单,绿色环保;具有很广泛的个人消毒和商业用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及稳定pH值的次氯酸溶液的组成和制备方法。属于消毒剂生产领域,可用作工业和民用消毒用途。
技术背景
次氯酸是含氯消毒剂中安全和最有效的杀菌剂之一。次氯酸是中性分子,不带电荷,分子量也相对较小,它比氯气和次氯酸钠更容易渗透到细胞壁,次氯酸的杀菌效率是次氯酸钠的80到120倍,甚至比氯气的氧化性还强。(方程1)
2HClO+2H++2e-→Cl2+2H2O E=+1.63V (1)
在次氯酸溶液中存在着氯气,次氯酸和次氯酸根离子,它们处于动态平衡中:
Cl2+H2O→HClO+HCl (2)
HClO+H2O→H3O++ClO- (3)
附图1是次氯酸溶液中氯气,次氯酸和次氯酸根离子三种组份随pH变化时的摩尔分数图。
由附图1可以看出,在酸性溶液中,特别是当pH小于3时,次氯酸溶液中有氯气生成,而当pH值大于9时,次氯酸溶液中则主要是以次氯酸根离子存在。
表1列出了25℃时,在不同pH值次氯酸溶液中次氯酸(HClO)和次氯酸根(ClO-)的摩尔百分比。
由表一可以看出,当pH值大于9时,次氯酸溶液中次氯酸含量已经低于2.9%,国家标准的次氯酸钠游离碱范围为0.1%-1.0%,经计算,当游离碱为0.1%,次氯酸钠浓度为1.0%时,溶液的pH值为10.40,可见次氯酸钠溶液的杀菌效率远远低于次氯酸。
表一,不同pH值时次氯酸溶液中次氯酸和次氯酸根的摩尔百分数
pH | HClO | ClO<sup>-</sup> |
4.0 | 100 | 0 |
5.0 | 97.7 | 2.3 |
6.0 | 96.8 | 3.2 |
7.0 | 75.2 | 24.8 |
7.5 | 50 | 50 |
8.0 | 23.2 | 76.8 |
9.0 | 2.9 | 97.1 |
10.0 | 0.3 | 99.7 |
11.0 | 0.03 | 99.97 |
次氯酸的化学性质比较活泼,在见光或受热情况下,次氯酸发生分解:
2HClO→2HCl+O2↑ (4)
3HCl→2HCl+HClO3 (5)
其中,次氯酸见光时按方程(4)分解,受热时按方程(5)分解。可见,当次氯酸分解时都会产生盐酸,因此,随着次氯酸的分解,溶液的pH值会变小,其结果导致次氯酸进一步分解成氯气,即反应方程(2)的逆反应。一方面,氯气会从次氯酸溶液中逸出,加剧了次氯酸的分解;另一方面,逸出的氯气会使人中毒,当氯气浓度达到30ppm时,就会引起呕吐,而当浓度达到60ppm时,则会损伤肺组织。
由此可见,要获得既安全又具有高效杀菌能力的次氯酸溶液,pH值必须保持在合适的范围内,即4.0至7.5,最好保持在5.0至7.0之间。
迄今为至,已有很多专利公开了通过使用不同的缓冲溶液来稳定次氯酸溶液的pH值。如CN109907069A,CN110123834A,CN102046520B,CN104555928B,US20160120183A;也有些专利是通过控制电解工艺中的参数和条件来生产次氯酸。如CN103774172A,CN104711630A,CN210193397U,CN203794996U,但是在已有的专利中,不容易控制最佳的缓冲剂浓度。如果缓冲剂浓度过高,则消毒后的残留物就会很高;而如果缓冲剂浓度不足,则次氯酸溶液的pH值稳定性就会变差。
发明内容
为了使次氯酸溶液保持在合适的pH范围,本发明首次采用难溶的无机酸钙盐来稳定次氯酸溶液的pH值。
碳酸钙,磷酸钙和磷酸氢钙的溶解度都很小,20℃时,它们的溶解度分别为7.75x10-4,0.002和0.004303克。由前述可知,次氯酸溶液分解时会产生盐酸,这些难溶性钙盐可以和盐酸反应而溶解,从而消耗了分解所产生的盐酸,因此稳定了溶液的pH值。
由于这些无机酸钙盐的溶解度很小,因此过量的盐不会导致溶解过多,而是会根据需要来溶解。过量的无机酸钙可以通过带有过滤装置的容器缓慢释放并和溶液分离。
附图说明
附图1是次氯酸溶液中氯气,次氯酸和次氯酸根离子三种组份在不同pH值时各组份的摩尔分数图。
在pH值低于5时,次氯酸溶液中有氯气和次氯酸存在,当pH值大约5时,次氯酸溶液中有次氯酸和次氯酸根离子存在。
具体实施方式
实施例一,在80ml水溶液中加入0.2克碳酸钙,加入20克2500ppm的氯气水溶液,用1N的盐酸调节溶液的pH值,经过放置1小时后,溶液的pH值达到稳定。表二是放置若干天后对不同pH值的次氯酸溶液所测得的pH值。
表二,次氯酸溶液的pH值随时间的变化
0天 | 15天 | 30天 | 60天 | 120天 |
4.01 | 4.03 | 4.11 | 4.12 | 4.15 |
5.58 | 5.54 | 5.56 | 5.47 | 5.37 |
6.04 | 5.91 | 5.95 | 6.05 | 6.14 |
7.02 | 7.10 | 7.12 | 7.12 | 7.19 |
实施例二,在80ml水溶液中加入0.1克磷酸钙,加入20克2500ppm的氯气水溶液,用1.25N氢氧化钠调节溶液的pH值,经过放置1小时后,溶液的pH值达到稳定。表三是放置若干天后对不同pH值的次氯酸溶液所测得的pH值。
表三,次氯酸溶液的pH值随时间的变化
0天 | 15天 | 30天 | 60天 | 120天 |
4.59 | 4.58 | 5.00 | 4.90 | 4.95 |
5.04 | 5.12 | 5.16 | 5.18 | 5.10 |
6.11 | 5.93 | 6.05 | 6.20 | 6.18 |
6.72 | 6.65 | 6.59 | 6.55 | 6.58 |
实施例三,在100ml水溶液中加入0.2克磷酸二氢钙,加入1克5.0%的次氯酸钠水溶液,用1.25N氢氧化钠或1N盐酸调节溶液的pH值,经过放置1小时后,溶液的pH值达到稳定。表四是放置若干天后对不同pH值的次氯酸溶液所测得的pH值。
表四,次氯酸溶液的pH值随时间的变化
0天 | 15天 | 30天 | 60天 | 120天 |
4.95 | 4.83 | 4.89 | 4.96 | 5.08 |
5.46 | 5.62 | 5.69 | 5.67 | 5.66 |
6.13 | 6.22 | 6.18 | 6.20 | 6.15 |
7.22 | 7.37 | 7.16 | 7.40 | 7.35 |
实施例四,在99ml水溶液中加入1克有效氯为5.0%的次氯酸钠水溶液,用75%磷酸调节溶液的pH值,再加入0.1克磷酸氢钙,放置1小时后,溶液的pH值达到稳定。表五是放置若干天后对不同pH值的次氯酸溶液所测得的pH值。
表五,次氯酸溶液的pH值随时间的变化
0天 | 15天 | 30天 | 60天 | 120天 |
5.25 | 5.32 | 5.44 | 5.41 | 5.45 |
5.86 | 5.93 | 6.02 | 5.91 | 5.93 |
6.42 | 6.32 | 6.38 | 6.43 | 6.45 |
7.32 | 7.28 | 7.26 | 7.18 | 7.15 |
参考文献:
Claims (9)
1.一种具有稳定pH值的次氯酸组成和制备方法。其特征是含有难溶性的无机酸钙盐的次氯酸溶液。所述的次氯酸含有效氯浓度25ppm至1500ppm,溶液的pH值为4.50至7.53,所述的无机酸钙盐浓度大于它们的溶解度。次氯酸可以通过电解方法和化学方法制备。
2.权利要求1中稳定pH值的次氯酸溶液,其有效氯含量为25ppm至1500ppm,优选地为50ppm至500ppm。
3.权利要求1中稳定pH值的次氯酸溶液,其pH值为4.50至7.53,优选地为5.0至7.0。
4.权利要求1中的次氯酸,其制备方法包括电解食盐水;在含有过量(大于其溶解度)无机酸钙盐的水中通人氯气;或者在含有过量无机酸钙盐的水中加入次氯酸钠溶液,然后再用稀盐酸,稀磷酸或稀氢氧化钠溶液来调节pH值。
5.权利要求4中所述的含有过量无机酸钙的水中可以含有其它的pH缓冲剂或/和稳定剂。
6.权利要求1中所述的难溶性无机酸钙盐为碳酸钙,磷酸钙,磷酸氢钙或它们的混合物,其浓度高于它们的溶解度。
7.权利要求6中的难溶性无机酸钙盐可以在制备次氯酸时转化而来。
8.权利6中的难溶性无机酸钙盐可以在制备次氯酸后加入。
9.权利要求6中的难溶性无机酸钙可以置于带有过滤装置或隔离的容器中,既达到溶解又能和溶液分离。
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