CN114642203B - 一种杀虫杀螨组合物 - Google Patents
一种杀虫杀螨组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114642203B CN114642203B CN202011492923.5A CN202011492923A CN114642203B CN 114642203 B CN114642203 B CN 114642203B CN 202011492923 A CN202011492923 A CN 202011492923A CN 114642203 B CN114642203 B CN 114642203B
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- DDIQWGKUSJOETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrafluprole Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C(Cl)C=1N1N=C(C#N)C(SCF)=C1NCC1=CN=CC=N1 DDIQWGKUSJOETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimethanil Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=NC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYQUHIFYBATCCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinalphos Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)=CN=C21 JYQUHIFYBATCCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMGNJWORLGLLHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulcofuron-sodium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 NMGNJWORLGLLHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical group N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBXWFLISHPUINY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyltin Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Sn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SBXWFLISHPUINY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于杀虫杀螨剂领域，涉及一种杀虫杀螨组合物。组合物含有活性组分A和活性组分B，活性组分A和活性组分B之间的重量份数比为1:99～99:1；活性组分A选自化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选自有机磷类、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)激动剂类、拒食类、沙蚕毒素类似物、鱼尼丁受体调节剂类、电压依赖性钠离子通道阻断剂类、氨基丁酸(GABA)门控氯离子通道拮抗剂类、微生物类或其他类杀虫(螨)剂；所述活性组分A结构如下，本发明的组合物具有增效明显、延缓抗性等优点，可用于防治多种害虫。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于杀虫杀螨剂领域，涉及一种杀虫杀螨组合物。
背景技术
杀虫杀螨剂在防治农林害虫或城市卫生害虫方面具有明显的作用。
中国发明专利CN105541682公开了一种联苯类化合物及其控制虫害和螨害的用途，其中化合物1(以下简称化合物Ⅰ)可用于防治多种害虫、害螨，尤其对害螨具有突出的防治效果。
含有单一活性组分的杀虫杀螨剂，在害虫防治上连续使用，容易使害虫产生抗药性。通过两种活性组分的杀虫杀螨剂混配成混合组分，可以延缓害虫抗药性的产生。但尽管混剂可以延缓抗药性，两种物质的选择并不能预期获得，同时现有技术中泛泛公开记载的含化合物Ⅰ的杀虫杀螨剂组合物侧重有所不同，并不能达到广谱性，同时其效果也大不相同。
发明内容
本发明目的在于为了满足农林和城市卫生领域防治害虫方面对杀虫杀螨剂效果日渐提高和品种不断更新的需求，提供一种杀虫杀螨组合物。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种杀虫杀螨组合物，组合物为活性组分A和活性组分B，其中，活性组分A和活性组分B之间的重量份数比为1:99～99:1；活性组分A选自化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选自有机磷类、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)激动剂类、拒食类、沙蚕毒素类似物、鱼尼丁受体调节剂类、电压依赖性钠离子通道阻断剂类、氨基丁酸(GABA)门控氯离子通道拮抗剂类、微生物类或其他类杀虫(螨)剂；所述活性组分A化合物Ⅰ结构如下：
上述化合物Ⅰ为中国发明专利CN105541682中记载的化合物1，其制备详见说明书中记载。
所述组分B中有机磷类杀虫(螨)剂选自毒死蜱、二嗪磷、马拉硫磷、丙溴磷、三唑磷、敌敌畏、稻丰散、家蝇磷、灭线磷、甲拌磷、辛硫磷、保棉磷、喹硫磷、杀螟硫磷、敌百虫或硫线磷；
烟碱类乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)激动剂类杀虫(螨)剂选自吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、呋虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫胺、哌虫啶、氯噻啉、环氧虫啶、氟吡呋喃酮、氟啶虫胺腈、Dicloromezotiaz、Flupyrimin、Sulfoxaflor、Flupyradifurone、戊吡虫胍或烟碱；
拒食类杀虫(螨)剂选自吡蚜酮、三苯锡或双胍辛盐；
沙蚕毒素类似物杀虫(螨)剂选自杀虫双、杀虫单、杀螟单、杀虫环或杀虫磺；
鱼尼丁受体调节剂类杀虫(螨)剂选自氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、氯虫酰胺、氟氰虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺或溴氰虫酰胺；
电压依赖性钠离子通道阻断剂类杀虫(螨)剂选自茚虫威或氰氟虫腙；
氨基丁酸(GABA)门控氯离子通道拮抗剂类杀虫(螨)剂选自乙虫腈、乙酰虫腈、丁烯氟虫腈、Broflanilide、Pyrafluprole或Pyriprole；
微生物类杀虫(螨)剂选自苏云金杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌或白僵菌；
其他类杀虫(螨)剂选自印楝素、冰晶石、硼酸、硫酰氟、嘧虫胺、Sulcofuron-sodium、双甲脒或藜芦碱。
所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选毒死蜱、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪或吡蚜酮；两种活性组分的重量份数比为30:1-1:30。
所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺、丁烯氟虫腈或藜芦碱；两种活性组分重量份数比为40:1-1:40。
所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选藜芦碱；两种活性组分重量份数比为20:1-1:10。
所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选藜芦碱；两种活性组分重量份数比为5:1-1:5。
一种杀虫杀螨组合物的应用，所述组合物在用于制备控制农业害虫或城市卫生害虫的杀虫杀螨剂中的应用。
以有效剂量计，将所述组合物施于需要控制的害虫或其生长的介质上。
本发明的组合物具体适合于防治多种重要的农业害虫如本发明还包括本发明组合物制备成杀虫杀螨制剂控制农林害虫或城市卫生害虫的用途。具体适合于防治多种重要的农业害虫如粘虫、甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、地老虎、甘蓝夜蛾、苹果卷叶蛾、稻纵卷叶螟、玉米螟、二化螟、小菜蛾、菜青虫、美国白蛾、天幕毛虫、舞毒蛾、东亚飞蝗、地下害虫、潜叶蛾、斑潜蝇、蚜虫、叶蝉、花卉介壳虫、马铃薯甲虫、跳甲、蓟马、盲蝽、朱砂叶螨、山楂叶螨、柑橘全爪螨、柑橘锈螨、苹果叶螨、二斑叶螨、瘿螨、粉螨等，城市害虫如白蚁、蜚蠊、蚂蚁、蝇类、蚊类等。用于果树如苹果、梨、柑桔、荔枝等，禾谷类如小麦、水稻等，豆类如大豆、菜豆等，棉花，蔬菜如甘蓝、花椰菜、白菜、油菜、番茄、辣椒以及花卉。用于防治城市害虫时，可以用于家庭、各种公共场所、办公场所，以及发生白蚁危害的树木、堤坝等。
进一步的说，一种杀虫杀螨组合物的使用方法，以有效剂量计，将制备的杀虫杀螨剂施于需要控制的害虫或其生长的介质上。通常选择的较为适宜有效剂量为每公顷10克到500克，优选有效剂量为每公顷15克到100克。
本发明的组合物可以所述组合物为活性成分与载体和任意一种助剂混合，制成制剂。
所述制剂中组合物的活性组分累积含量在0.5wt％-95wt％之间。优选，所述制剂中活性组分的累积含量在1％-85％之间。
本发明具有如下优点：
1.本发明采用作用于杀虫和杀螨中的作用机理不同的化合物按特定比例混配，相互协调作用，防治害虫可以延缓害虫抗药性的发生，并且提高对抗性种群的防治效果，对于杀虫杀螨表现出明显的增效作用，提高了组合物中单一活性成分化合物对害虫的防治效果，同时本发明组合的增效效果并不是与单剂线性相关。
2.本发明组合物在应用于杀虫杀螨中的使用剂量明显低于组合物中单一化合物的使用剂量，从而降低使用成本，减少环境污染。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施例用于进一步详细说明本发明，但本发明绝非仅限于这些例子。实施例中各组分配比均以重量计。
室内生物活性测定
实施例1含有化合物Ⅰ的组合物对朱砂叶螨的协同作用测定
供试对象：朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval)，成螨，室内饲养的敏感品系。
测试条件：温度：24～26℃，相对湿度：60％，光照：L:D＝14:10
药液配制：根据不同试验需要，用电子分析天平分别准确称取供试样品(本发明不同配比组合物和原药)，其中，原药以丙酮溶解，再用0.1％吐温80水按照试验设计剂量稀释成具一定浓度的药液。
试验方法：采用盆栽幼苗喷雾法测定对朱砂叶螨成螨的活性大小。首先将40-60头大小一致的朱砂叶螨成螨接到处于第一对真叶平展期的菜豆幼苗(留一片真叶)上，待成螨稳定后计数基数；然后采用Airbrush法用药液处理试材，每株1.5mL，设空白对照。
自然阴干后，将处理后的试材置于观察室内，观察室温度、湿度、光照按需可调节，72h后调查活螨数，计算死亡率。评价采用Bliss法，该方法是评价混剂作用的经典方法之一。Bliss根据其提出的独立联合作用概念认为，杀虫杀螨剂混用时的理论死亡率P可用下式来计算：
P＝Pm+Pn(1-Pm)
Pm为第一活性组分在浓度为m时靶标的死亡率(％)；Pn为第二活性组分使用浓度为n时靶标的死亡率(％)。
如果两种活性组分在以一定浓度混合后靶标的实际死亡率大于理论死亡率P，则判定两种活性组分在设定浓度下混合使用具有增效作用，反之则为拮抗作用。
结果见表1。
表1化合物Ⅰ与毒死蜱等4个药剂混合使用对朱砂叶螨成螨的协同作用测定
表2化合物Ⅰ与茚虫威等4种药剂混合使用对朱砂叶螨成螨的协同作用测定
实施例2含有化合物Ⅰ的组合物对朱砂叶螨的室内活性测定
由上述协同作用测定效果数据可见本发明化合物Ⅰ与毒死蜱等8个药剂混合的组合物对朱砂叶螨成螨具有明显的增效效果，进一步以化合物Ⅰ和藜芦碱以供试20:1-1:10组成的组合物再用孙云沛(Sun y-p)法进行室内活性测定。
供试靶标：朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval)成螨，室内饲养的敏感品系。
药液配制：根据不同试验需要，用电子分析天平分别准确称取供试样品，其中，原药以丙酮溶解，再用0.1％吐温80水按照试验设计剂量稀释成具一定浓度梯度的系列药液。
试验方法：采用盆栽幼苗喷雾法测定对朱砂叶螨成螨的活性大小。首先将大小一致的朱砂叶螨成螨接到处于第一对真叶平展期的菜豆幼苗(留一片真叶)上，待成螨稳定后计数基数；然后将药液采用Airbrush喷雾法按试验设计从低剂量到高剂量的顺序均匀喷雾，每株1.5mL，每处理4次重复，另设空白对照。
将处理后的试材置于观察室内，观察室的温度、湿度、光照按需可调节。72小时后调查死、活螨数。用abbott公式计算校正死亡率，用DPS数据处理软件进行统计分析，求出各供试单剂及各不同配比混用的毒力回归方程式、LC50值及95％置信限，再用孙云沛(Sun y-p)法计算各配比的共毒系数，评价混用效果。
混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)按下列公式计算：
式中：ATI-混剂实测毒力指数；S-标准药剂的LC50值；M-混剂的LC50值。
TTI＝TIA×PA+TIB×PB
式中：TTI-混剂理论毒力指数；TIA-A药剂毒力指数；PA-A药剂在混剂中的百分含量；TIB-B药剂毒力指数；PB-B药剂在混剂中的百分含量。
式中：CTC-共毒系数；ATI-混剂实测毒力指数；TTI-混剂理论毒力指数。
复配剂的共毒系数(CTC)：CTC≥120表现为增效作用；CTC≤80表现为拮抗作用；80<CTC<120表现为相加作用。
且，组合物的LC50值小于其中一个或两个单剂的LC50值，则意味着在达到相同效果(死亡率为50％)时，组合物的使用剂量小于其中一个或两个单剂的使用剂量。
以试验结果见表2。
表2：化合物Ⅰ·藜芦碱对朱砂叶螨室内联合毒力测定结果
由上述数据可见化合物Ⅰ·藜芦碱配比1对朱砂叶螨LC50值为0.41mg/L，单剂LC50值分别为0.49mg/L和2.15mg/L，则意味着在达到相同效果(死亡率为50％)时，组合物的使用剂量(0.41mg/L)小于其中一个或两个单剂的使用剂量(0.49mg/L和2.15mg/L)；另，从共毒系数的定义看，组合物的防治效果也不同程度的高于两种单剂的理论效果；由于田间使用剂量和室内LC50值正相关，因此组合物田间使用剂量会相应降低，从而降低使用成本，减少环境污染。
Claims (9)
1.一种杀虫杀螨组合物，其特征在于：组合物为活性组分A和活性组分B，其中，活性组分A和活性组分B之间的重量份数比为1:99～99:1；活性组分A选自化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选自烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体nAChR激动剂类、拒食类、鱼尼丁受体调节剂类、电压依赖性钠离子通道阻断剂类、氨基丁酸GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂类或其他类杀虫螨剂；所述活性组分A化合物Ⅰ结构如下：
所述组分B中烟碱类乙酰胆碱受体nAChR激动剂类杀虫螨剂选自吡虫啉、噻虫嗪；
拒食类杀虫螨剂选自吡蚜酮；
鱼尼丁受体调节剂类杀虫螨剂选自氯虫苯甲酰胺；
电压依赖性钠离子通道阻断剂类杀虫螨剂选自茚虫威；
氨基丁酸GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂类杀虫螨剂选自丁烯氟虫腈；
其他类杀虫螨剂选自藜芦碱。
2.按照权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于：所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选自吡虫啉、噻虫嗪或吡蚜酮；两种活性组分的重量份数比为30:1-1:30。
3.按照权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于：所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选自茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺、丁烯氟虫腈或藜芦碱；两种活性组分重量份数比为40:1-1:40。
4.按照权利要求3所述的组合物，其特征在于：所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选自藜芦碱；两种活性组分重量份数比为20:1-1:10。
5.按照权利要求4所述的组合物，其特征在于：所述活性组分A为化合物Ⅰ，活性组分B选自藜芦碱；两种活性组分重量份数比为5:1-1:5。
6.一种按照权利要求1所述的杀虫杀螨组合物的应用，其特征在于：所述组合物在用于制备控制农业害虫或城市卫生害虫的杀虫杀螨剂中的应用。
7.按照权利要求6所述的杀虫杀螨组合物的应用，其特征在于：以有效剂量计，将所述组合物施于需要控制的害虫或其生长的介质上。
8.一种杀虫杀螨制剂，其特征在于：以权利要求1所述组合物为活性成分与载体和任意一种助剂混合，制成制剂。
9.按照权利要求8所述的杀虫杀螨制剂，其特征在于：所述制剂中组合物的活性组分累积含量在0.5wt％-95wt％之间。
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